Rehna Monastery
The Rehna Monastery is a former monastery of the Benedictines (in the 13th century) and Premonstratensian (until 1552) in Rehna in Mecklenburg .
History of the monastery
Rehna was founded around 1150 by settlers from the Hessian Rhena . In 1230, the monk Ernestus chose the parish village of Rehna to build a nunnery here according to the rules of St. Benedict . The year of foundation is not certain and lies between 1230 and 1236. The monastery belonged to the diocese of Ratzeburg , which, like the dioceses of Schwerin and Lübeck, was subordinate to the archbishopric of Bremen . On December 26, 1237, the Ratzeburg bishop Ludolf I solemnly confirmed the Rehna monastery. It was consecrated to the Mother of God Mary and Elisabeth of Thuringia, who was venerated as a saint shortly after her death in 1231 .
Right from the beginning, the Rehna monastery was equipped with numerous pieces of land, for example by Gottfried von Bülow , who added new land on September 6, 1237. The first letter of indulgence was issued on October 21, 1254 . This document was of great importance for the further construction of the monastery. The monastery was consecrated in 1254. This year the construction of the cloister between the church and the monastery began. The actual monastery buildings were in the gardens behind the church. Thanks to further land acquisitions, mostly through donations, the monastery became widely known and achieved a certain fame. In 1287 the monastery buildings were repaired and the property could be expanded further. It is first mentioned in 1319 as a monastery of the Premonstratensian Order. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Rehnaer Kloster was one of the most important monasteries in Mecklenburg. Numerous patrician families from Lübeck had their daughters brought up here and supported the monastery with rich donations. The Mecklenburg dukes also gave the monastery donations and letters of protection, such as Magnus and Balthasar in 1480 , whose mother, the dowager duchess Dorothea von Brandenburg , spent the last years of her life in the monastery.
In the course of the Reformation , the monastery was dissolved in 1552. From 1576 to the beginning of the 18th century, the property of the monastery belonged to the personal belongings of the dowager dukes and princesses Anna Sophia of Prussia (until 1591), Sophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (until 1634), Anna Sophie (until 1648) and Juliane Sibylla ( until 1761). At the beginning of the 18th century until 1819 the remaining buildings were used as official buildings. The northern part of the Long House was converted into an official building in 1878/79. From 1819 until the First World War , the buildings were used as a forestry office, and after the Second World War until 1995 as a school. After 1997, a large part of the Long House, which is now used as an official building, was completely renovated.
After the dissolution of the monastery, the church became the parish church, which it had been before the monastery was founded. It is one of the churches of the affiliated parishes Rehna - Kirch Grambow - Meetzen in the Wismar provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .
Buildings and facilities
The late Romanesque brick church with the steeple and its arched portal has been preserved from the monastery . Likewise, the arcade and the nave, which is used as an official building. In August 2004 a 300 m² monastery garden was inaugurated.
Monastery church
Building history
The originally late Romanesque church was changed considerably in the middle of the 15th century. The south wall of the nave and the lower part of the tower have been preserved from the first building period. This shows round arch and triangular friezes on all sides below the late Gothic parts. On the west side there is a large arched portal with decorations partly in glazed bricks. The interior of the tower has a cross vault and was originally open to the nave. The south wall of the nave with a diamond frieze and German band is essentially preserved originally , but is partially covered by the roof of the cloister wing.
In the 2nd quarter of the 15th century the church was fundamentally renovated and rebuilt. The nave was raised and significantly expanded: the two square vaulted bays became three rectangular cross-rib vaulted bays. The north wall was supported with buttresses and received very large windows. The two-bay rectangular choir has the same width but is lower. The transition from the nave was designed with a pointed triumphal arch. The originally four windows, which were moved together in pairs, are walled up, the wall surfaces between the pairs of windows and also next to them are decorated with arched panels in which circular motifs were incised. The consecration of this renewed building took place in 1456.
Murals
Remains of high and late Gothic wall paintings have been preserved on the south wall of the nave . These were partially uncovered in 1904, followed by complete restoration in 1960.
The older paintings from 1330/40 depict motifs from the childhood story of Jesus and the root of Jesse . Presumably, they continued on the north and west walls, where fragments of a representation of the Lord's Supper were found (and whitewashed again). They are stylistically related to those in the Lübeck Marienkirche and the Schleswig Cathedral . These high Gothic males were partially destroyed when the nave was raised and painted over with a frieze of half-length portraits of prophets, angels and a lamb of God . On the new wall above, depictions of the Passion story were attached. The scenes of the flagellation and the crowning of thorns have been preserved.
Root Jesse
Crowning of thorns and flagellation
Presentation in the temple and visit of the kings; above the younger frieze depicting the Lamb of God
Furnishing
In 1520 the four-wing carved altar was built, the sculptures of which are stylistically reminiscent of Schleswig. This altar was rebuilt in 1851. The paintings were brought to the museum in Schwerin . The carvings were rearranged in a neo-Gothic shrine. The detailed crucifixion group in the middle was carved from an oak trunk. She is surrounded by figures of Saints Catherine, Dorothea, Margaretha and Barbara. There are six apostles in each of the side wings. The coronation of Mary above the crucifixion scene comes from another altar. The busts of two men to the right and left of it are interpreted either as prophets or portraits of the dukes Heinrich von Mecklenburg-Stargard (Heinrich the Elder) and Heinrich IV. Von Mecklenburg (Heinrich the Younger). The table top of the altar forms a tombstone under which two provosts from the beginning of the 14th century were buried.
On the south side of the choir there are choir stalls with rich carvings from 1441 to 1448.
The triumphal cross dates from the 18th century. The fittings also include a 10-armed brass chandelier from 1688.
Organs
In 1816 the monastery church received a baroque organ by the organ builder Hans Hantelmann , built in 1682/83. It came from the church of the Lübeck Castle Monastery, which was demolished that year .
In 1856 it was replaced by an organ from the workshop of Friedrich Friese II . The neo-Gothic case and a register (octave 2 'in the main work) have been preserved from this organ . In 1911, Marcus Runge built a romantic organ into the case. It has 27 registers on 2 manuals and pedal. In 1996 there was a general overhaul by the organ workshop Wolfgang Nussbücker ; the rededication took place on the 2nd of Advent 1996.
In the Winter Church, the Advent hall in the monastery, there is a single-manual organ with three stops and a pedal from the Nussbücker workshop from 1992.
Bells
Only one of the original four historical bells has survived. It was cast after the end of the Thirty Years War in 1653 by the bell founders Stephan Wollo and Nikolaus Gage from Lorraine . The bell has a diameter of 1.33 m, its bell body is adorned in a manner typical of these masters with a frieze of figural ornaments in which pelicans , hippocampus and vase with palm or olive branches alternate. In the middle of the bell body, Christ is depicted as Salvator mundi , two inscriptions give the names of the monastery captain Levin Barse auf Rambow , the pastors and economists as well as Duke Christian . The bell cracked in 1972 and could only be repaired and used again in 1995.
A bell from 1622, cast by Hinrich Oldendorf in Schwerin, the largest bell, which had a diameter of 1.53 m and was cast in 1758 by Lübeck's council casting master Johann Hinrich Armowitz , as well as the smallest bell with a diameter of 60 cm, above them Origin was unknown, were given in the First and Second World War for armament purposes. They were replaced by two cast steel bells from 1954 and 1963, one of which was again replaced by a new bronze bell in 1998.
Personalities
Names and years indicate the documented mention as provost and prioress
Toast
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Prioresses
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literature
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 438-441.
- Verena Friedrich: The former monastery church St. Maria and Elisabeth in Rehna , Passau.
- Gregor Hestermann: The relationship of the von Bülow family to the Rehna monastery as reflected in their donations and foundations in the 13th century. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity. Schwerin 2011, No. 126, pp. 7-22.
- Friedrich Lisch : About the church and the monastery in Rehna . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity. Schwerin 1850, No. 15, pp. 287-305.
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898 (reprint: Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 , p. 423 ff.).
- Johann Peter Wurm, Gregor Hestermann, Frank Nikulka, Dirk Schumann: Rehna. Monastery / women's choir of S. Maria, S. Elisabeth (Ordo Sancti Benedicti / Benedictine women, Ordo Praemonstratensis / Premonstratensian women, Ordo Cisterciensis / Cistercian women) . In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, monasteries, coming and priories (10th / 11th - 16th century), Volume II. Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 725-765.
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Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- Mecklenburg Yearbooks (MJB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 1.5-4 / 14 deeds of the Rehna Monastery.
- LHAS 2.12-1 / 12 widows and widow seats .
- LHAS 2.22-10 / 11 Damanialamt Gadebusch-Rehna.
proof
- ↑ Verena Friedrich: The former monastery church of St. Maria and Elisabeth in Rehna , p. 2
- ↑ Membership of the community
- ^ So Dehio (Lit.), p. 440
- ↑ Lisch (lit.), p.
- ↑ High altar of Rehna Monastery with many pictures
- ↑ Organ tour in Rehna ; Mecklenburg organ inventory
- ↑ Mecklenburg organ inventory , images in Our organ in the Advent hall
- ↑ Schlie (Lit)., P. 441
- ↑ Rehna Church: Our bells
- ↑ Rehna Church: Our bells
- ^ Friedrich Lisch : The directory of the provosts and prioresses of the Rehna monastery In: Year books of the association for Mecklenburg history and antiquity. 15 (1850). Pp. 304-305.
Web links
- Literature about Rehna Monastery in the State Bibliography MV
- www.kloster-rehna.de
- Rehna parish - Grambow church - Meetzen
- Rehna in the travel guide of the Premonstratensian Order
Coordinates: 53 ° 46 ′ 49 ″ N , 11 ° 3 ′ 1 ″ E