Castle Monastery (Lübeck)

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The castle monastery , originally "Maria Magdalenen monastery", is a former Dominican monastery in Lübeck . It is located in the north of the old town between Burgtor and Koberg .

history

Castle

Model of Lübeck Castle around 1220, before the monastery was built ( Trave below , Wakenitz above )

The Slavic castle Bucu was located at the place of today's castle monastery, the narrow entrance to the old town peninsula . A lordly castle was probably built here under the Schauenburg counts in 1143. After the Danes had conquered Lübeck in 1201, Albrecht von Orlamünde , the nephew of the Danish King Waldemar II , resided here as governor . In 1221, the castle and cathedral city ​​were united with the bourgeois town by a wall. When Albrecht of Orlamünde was captured in the battle of Mölln , the people of Lübeck seized the opportunity, had the Barbarossa privilege confirmed in 1226 by means of an imperial freedom letter and tore down the lordly castle to avoid a possible renewed claim by Adolf IV to forestall the city rule.

monastery

Lübeck Castle Monastery

Like many other churches and monasteries in Schleswig-Holstein founded at the same time, the Lübeck Dominican Monastery bore its name in memory of the victorious battle of Bornhöved , which took place on Mary Magdalene Day, July 22, 1227. In gratitude for the victory over the Danes, which was attributed to the help of the saints, the Lübeckers built a monastery in place of the castle and handed it over to the Dominican Order in 1229. After the Franciscans, a second mendicant order received a seat in Lübeck.

After the city fire of 1276, the monastery was rebuilt. The monastery church of St. Maria Magdalenen also came from this time. It was a brick-Gothic basilica that was rebuilt and expanded several times. Around 1399–1401, for example, the church received a new three-aisled hall choir with a representative façade facing Burgstrasse. In the course of the centuries the church received rich furnishings.

At the beginning of the 15th century, the monastery reading master , Hermann Korner , became important for the city of Lübeck as the author of the Chronica novella . A possible author of the Prologus Arminensis , Hermann von Sina , was a reading master of the castle monastery.

Between the Reformation and the demolition of the Church

Long hall of the castle, later the monastery

With the introduction of the Reformation in 1531, the monastery was dissolved. A poor house was set up in the building. The church became a Protestant church, but not a parish church. The side chapels belonged to the offices of the Höppener (hop growers, gardeners), the brewers and the riding servants or were burial chapels, among others for the sub-rector and librarian Karl Heinrich Lange , the superintendent Johann Gottlob Carpzov , the main pastor Jakob von Melle and the council syndicate and cathedral provost Johann Scheven . One of the preachers was the playwright and critic of the concord formula Johannes Stricker from 1584 to 1599 . As early as the beginning of the 17th century, works of art found their way to churches in the surrounding area, for example the Marien Altar in the village church in Herrnburg . The last preacher, Gottlieb Nicolaus Stolterfoth , was shot dead on November 6, 1806 when the French stormed Lübeck . Since then, no services have been held in the church.

The monastery church has always had static problems. In 1589 the pulpit pillar collapsed, in 1635 a piece of the vault, in 1635 the first north pillar and with it the entire first western vault yoke, which led to extensive repair work. When the second southern nave pillar with the vault collapsed on March 13, 1818, the city council decided, with the consent of the citizens, to demolish the church, which had not been used since 1806. Only the north wall, which adjoined the monastery buildings, and the chapels built into it were preserved. After all, after protests about the throwing away of inventory when the church of St. John's Monastery was demolished in 1806 , the stained glass windows were saved , and Carl Julius Milde secured some of their altars and the stone sculptures of the wise and foolish virgins who are today in St. Anne's -Museum are located. The organ by Hans Hantelmann , built in 1713, ended up in the church of the Rehna monastery , but has not been preserved.

Courthouse and Museum

A school was built on the site of the demolished church from 1874 to 1876. From 1893 to 1896, the castle monastery was structurally changed significantly: The upper floor of the enclosure was demolished and replaced by a new addition, the remaining Gothic building components were redesigned. The complex was given a rich neo-Gothic facade facing the Große Burgstrasse . The brewery from the 13th century and the front building of the Marstallschmiede with its Renaissance double gable from the 15th century were demolished in 1894 for the new construction of the courthouse. In this form, the castle monastery served as a courthouse until 1962. The State Office for Social Services is now housed in part of the building facing Große Burgstrasse .

  • Facades of the demolished buildings on Burgstrasse from south to north:

  • No. 14: Facade of the eastern end of the choir of the castle church

  • Nos. 6–12: Brewery of the castle monastery from the 13th century with terracotta fries

  • No. 4: Front building of the Marstallschmiede from the 15th century, after a last renovation in 1882

The medieval components have been exposed again since 1976, the building has been redesigned for museum purposes and given a modern entrance hall. From July 2005 to the end of 2011, the Museum of Lübeck Archeology was located in the brick Gothic confessional house of the castle monastery . The Lübeck coin treasure was exhibited in the basement of the building . Incidentally, the building was used as a culture forum and art gallery by the Hanseatic City of Lübeck Cultural Foundation until the end of 2011 .

In the course of the establishment of the European Hanseatic Museum, the Museum of Lübeck Archeology was dissolved and the premises of the castle monastery were incorporated into the new museum, which opened in 2015.

Construction and equipment

  • Chapter House

  • Fresco in a side chapel of the Maria Magdalenen Church

  • Sacristy with medieval and neo-Gothic paintings

  • Cloister

After years of renovation measures, the castle monastery now consists of the four-wing cloister , the chapter house in the west wing, the sacristy and winter refectory in the east wing and the summer refectory in the north wing as well as two other structures, the hospital and the confessional . It is the largest high Gothic monastery complex in Northern Germany and a sacred architectural monument of European rank.

The oldest component is the two-aisled vaulted hall of the summer refectory, which takes up the entire basement of the north wing. It is possibly a remnant of the castle. The pillars have late Romanesque shapes, while the cloister, the two-aisled chapter house to the west and the sacristy and winter refectory in the east wing were built in the Gothic style after the city fire . To the south of the cloister was the demolished monastery church, of which only a few side chapels remain. The upper floors of the wings have not been preserved; they fell victim to the redesign at the end of the 19th century. In addition, there are two other monastery buildings from the 14th century that were outside the enclosure , the confessional, of which only the outer walls have been preserved, and the hospital, whose original function is unknown. The castle monastery contains numerous stone sculptures, often as console and vault end stones. The console and keystones of the winter refectory are kept in the soft style and are attributed to the Lübeck sculptor Johannes Junge . Individual rooms such as the sacristy and the hospital still have medieval mosaic floors. Various frescos have survived from the centuries of the monastery, especially the depiction of St. Gregory's mass in the sacristy.

  • Vaulted console from the winter refectory (Mary Magdalene washes Jesus ' feet)

  • Vault keystone (risen Christ)

  • rediscovered painting and vaulted console in the chapter house

  • The vault of the chapter house with paintings from different eras

  • Fresco (St. Gregory's Mass) from the sacristy

When it was used as a poor house, the monastery was redesigned. The sacristy, now the meeting place for the poor rulers, was given wooden paneling with the coats of arms of the poor rulers from 1640 to 1796. From the conversion to the courthouse, two cells in the north wing of the new upper floor and a courtroom with skylight in the east wing have been preserved. There are also neo-Gothic paintings, for example in the sacristy.

In the monastery garden there is a bronze cast of the full-body haired statue of Mary Magdalene by the contemporary American artist Kiki Smith .

literature

  • Friedrich Techen : The tombstones of the churches in Lübeck , Rahtgens, Lübeck, 1898, p. 121–123 ( digitized version )
  • Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns, Hugo Rahtgens: The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV: The Monasteries. The town's smaller churches. The churches and chapels in the outskirts. Thought and way crosses and the Passion of Christ. Lübeck: Nöhring 1928, facsimile reprint 2001 ISBN 3-89557-168-7 , pp. 167-280
  • Hartwig Beseler : Kunsttopographie Schleswig-Holstein , Wachholtz, Neumünster 1974, pp. 85–87
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Hamburg. Schleswig-Holstein ; Deutscher Kunstverlag Berlin / Munich 3rd supplemented edition 2009; Pp. 529-534
  • Peter Guttkuhn: "Lübeck's castle monastery saved" . In: Father-city sheets. Vol. 27 (1976), p. 3.
  • Russalka Nikolov (ed.): The castle monastery in Lübeck. Coleman, Lübeck 1992, ISBN 3-87128-033-X .
  • Michael Scheftel: "Lübeck 1229" an inscription on the choir stalls of the St. Nikolaikirche in Röbel. For the foundation of the St. Mary Magdalene Monastery of the Dominicans in Lübeck. In: The memory of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck: Festschrift for Antjekathrin Graßmann on the 65th birthday. Edited by Rolf Hammel-Kiesow and Michael Hundt in conjunction with the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology and the Hanseatic History Association . Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2005, ISBN 3-7950-5555-5 .

Web links

Commons : Burgkloster  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Burgkloster zu Lübeck  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Antjekathrin Graßmann: Lübeckische Geschichte ; Lübeck 3rd edition 1997; P. 57
  2. ↑ Ortwin Pelc: The end of Danish rule in Lübeck 1220/1227 ; in: Danes in Lübeck 1203 ∙ 2003 Danskere i Lübeck. Exhibitions on archeology in Lübeck 6. Ed. By Manfred Gläser and Doris Mührenberg for the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and by Palle Birk Hansen for the Storstrøm Office; Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2003; Pp. 111-116.
  3. ^ Graßmann: Lübeckische Geschichte ; P. 115
  4. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Hamburg. Schleswig-Holstein ; Deutscher Kunstverlag Berlin / Munich 3rd supplemented edition 2009; P. 530
  5. ^ Michael Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck ; in: Der Wagen 1990, pp. 244–274; Pp. 261-262
  6. ↑ Dietrich Wölfel: The wonderful world of organs. Lübeck as an organ city . Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, Lübeck 1980, p. 158ff.
  7. ↑ The exhibition in the Kulturforum ended on December 31, 2011.
  8. ^ Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Hamburg. Schleswig-Holstein ; P. 533f.

Coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 24.7 "  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 21.5"  E