Window of the Lübeck Castle Church

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The six windows of the Burgkirche or Maria Magdalena Church were considered to be the main works of Gothic stained glass in Lübeck until they were finally destroyed in World War II .

Emergence

The windows were part of the furnishings of the Maria Magdalenen Church in the Lübeck Castle Monastery . The creation of the picture windows for the new choir of the castle church, which was built in 1399, is documented by two donations of individual windows in 1407 and 1437. Since the six windows are stylistically viewed as a uniform design with an image program tailored to the history of the castle church, art historians assume that the other four windows were created in the same period. The cardboard boxes for these then monumental paintings are attributed to an unidentified assistant / student of Conrad von Soest , who must have previously worked on the Wildunger Altar , which Conrad von Soest completed in 1403 and therefore with the emergency name Meister der Burgkirchenfenster (or with Albrecht as Conrad von Soest - "imitator" ) is called. Based on the aforementioned works, the period between before 1403 and after 1426, the most recent dendrological dating of one of his Lübeck altar panels, can only be approximately determined.

For works of glass painting in particular, the division of labor into the execution of the cardboard boxes by glass workshops is not untypical to this day. In this respect, the publication of a certificate from Florence at the beginning of the 19th century caused a sensation , according to which Francesco Livi was appointed as the best glass artist of his time in Europe from Lübeck to Florence to take over the production of the stained glass windows for the cathedral from 1436 . In Florence, too, the windows for the dome of the cathedral were created using a division of labor, so the glass artists implemented the templates from the design artists. In either Lübeck or Florence, no works can be assigned to Livi to this day. But since the castle church windows were the outstanding Gothic picture windows of this time in Lübeck, he is repeatedly associated with them, because otherwise his reputation as an artist could not be explained. At least for the window donated by the Corpus Christi Brotherhood in 1437, however, he is definitely out of the job as an execution artist, because he was in Florence before that time.

The windows of the castle church are specifically mentioned in early depictions of the city of Lübeck:

"In the windows you can also find the old beautiful glass-picture type"

- Johann Gerhard Krüger, 1697

Expansion and destruction

In 1806 the services in the castle church were stopped due to the risk of collapse due to static problems. After 1818 the church was demolished. The windows owed their continued preservation to initial monument protection initiatives in Lübeck at the time of the demolition. They were first stored in the refectory of the castle monastery, then in 1827 in the high choir of the Katharinenkirche . On the basis of a senate resolution of 1836, they were refurbished by the restorer Carl Julius Milde in cooperation with the glazier Johann Jacob Achelius and re-installed in the Marienkirche in the period from 1840 to 1868 in reusable parts and in some cases with a slightly different arrangement of their individual segments . Milde was friends with the member of the church council of the Marienkirche responsible for building work and patron Christian Adolf Nölting , who carried out extensive renovation work on the Marienkirche. Here the glass windows were then a hundred years later, although in 1941 expanded as a precaution, except for remnants of the cross legend window due to the large heat wave at their storage location in the Bürgermeisterkapelle the air raid on Lübeck lost for the 1942nd

description

Mary Magdalene window

The six-lane Maria Magdalena window was the central and largest glass window in the Maria Magdalena church. It was a foundation of the mayor Henning von Rentelen, who died in 1406, as a six-part window in the middle of the eastern end of the choir of the castle church. The sequence of images described legendary scenes from the life of the saints as handed down in the Legenda Aurea . Because of their size, the picture panels were distributed over three windows when they were installed in the Marienkirche. After the restoration in 1840, the installation was carried out in 1843 on the east side of the end of the high central nave of the Marienkirche distributed over three three-part windows in the upper aisle .

  • Original arrangement in the middle of the eastern end of the choir in 1819, the Paul window on the left and the Peter window on the right

  • State in 1819 in the castle church by Johann Baptist Hauttmann

  • Marienkirche 1843

  • Rest in the castle monastery ( European Hanseatic Museum )

  • Rest in the castle monastery (Hansemuseum)

Jerome window

The Jerome window showed scenes from the life of Saint Jerome . It was originally located together with the crucifixion window on the north side of the choir of the castle church. After the restoration in 1840, the Jerome window was installed as the eastern window in the chapel of the Marienkirche (also known as the Marientiden - or confessional chapel ).

  • Composition plan 1840

  • 1840 in the Marienkirche

  • Detail, 1840 in the Marienkirche

  • WP - Castle church window - Hieronymus window Detail 2 1840.jpg

Cross legend window

The window of the legend of the cross, the program of which included scenes of the finding of the cross , the exaltation of the cross and the battle of the Milvian Bridge , was on the south side of the castle church; it was installed in the north-east window of the chapel of St. Mary's Church. About a third of the image program in this window survived the Second World War and was for a long time unrestored in the storage room of the St. Annen Museum . As of 2019, two restored sections are on display.

  • Detail of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge

  • Battle of the Milvian Bridge (2019)

  • Helena threatens the Jews (2019)

Peter window

The St. Peter window, originally the north of the three windows of the east facade of the choir of the castle church on Große Burgstrasse, was moved to the south-east window of the chapel of the Marienkirche in 1840.

Paul window

The Paulus window was restored in 1840 and, by Carl Julius Milde, a scene of the conversion of Paul was added to the window of the Greveradenkapelle in the western front of the Marienkirche in the course of the neo-Gothic renovation of the west facade .

  • 1868

Crucifixion window

The crucifixion window was originally located together with the Jerome window on the north side of the choir of the castle church. Installation above the west portal of St. Mary's Church in the Bergenfahrer Chapel . It was supplemented with the Coronation of Mary , created in 1521 by the Lübeck Council in memory of the late Mayor Tideman Berck from funds from his estate , which had been removed from the choir in 1839 to make room for the windows of the castle church.

  • WP - Castle Church Window - Crucifixion Window 1872.jpg

Leftovers

Preserved two image fields of the cross legend window - detail from the drawing by Hauttmann 1818/19

After the bombing, only a large, black pile of rubble remained of the stored window panes . Remnants could be recovered from this, including 24 panes from the cross legend window. The parish sold them to the St. Annen Museum in 1959 , where Milde's unrelated image fragments were already in the magazine in the 19th century. Badly damaged by improper storage in the magazine, the rescued panes of the cross legend window were restored in 1979 by the Oidtmann glass painting workshop in Linnich .

In detail, there are the following four fields, seven disks and fragments:

  • from the window of the legend of the cross the two fields of view The Battle of the Milvian Bridge. and Helena learns the place where the Holy Cross can be found. a disk from the architectural frame and a tendril fragment, another frame disk and a head from the Helena field
  • from the Maria Magdalenen window the image field Maria Magdalena preaches in Marsilia. and two discs of David's victory over Goliath. and angel with psaltery. as well as a disc with frame ornament and two discs assembled from fragments
  • From the Hieronymus window the image field Christ and the apostles appear to Hieronymus, tormented by devils in fever
  • figurative and ornamental fragments from the Paulus window

Some other fragments cannot be assigned.

literature

  • Johann Gerhard Krüger: The happy and adorned city of Lübeck: This is a brief description of the city of Lübeck, especially from the beginning and progress of the same in its construction, lords and residents as particularly remarkable incidents and changes ... Finally, the story of Bertram Morgenweg along with some others is remarkable , as has gone on here. JG Krüger, 1697, p. 176 (digitized version)
  • Carl Julius Milde : Monuments of fine arts in Lübeck , drawn and edited by C. J. Milde and accompanied by an explanatory historical text by Ernst Deecke , Book II: Glass paintings and brick floors. Lübeck, self-published in 1847.
  • Rudolf Struck : On the knowledge of families in Lübeck and their relationships to local and foreign art monuments in: Museum for Art and Cultural History in Lübeck. Yearbook 1914 • 1915 (Volume II. – III.), HG Rahtgens, Lübeck 1915, p. 41–73 (p. 64 ff .: III. The von Rentelen, the glass paintings of the castle church and the altar shrine of the infirmary chapel in Schwartau )
  • Gustav Schaumann , Friedrich Bruns (editor): The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck . Edited by the building deputation. Volume 2, part 2: The Marienkirche. Nöhring, Lübeck 1906. (digitized version)
  • Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns, Hugo Rahtgens : The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV: The Monasteries. The town's smaller churches. The churches and chapels in the outskirts. Thought and way crosses and the Passion of Christ. Nöhring, Lübeck 1928, pp. 167-280. (Facsimile reprint: 2001, ISBN 3-89557-168-7 )
  • Hans Wentzel : masterpieces of glass painting. German Association f. Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin 1951, pp. 52–53. (Monuments of German Art)
  • Jürgen Wittstock: The medieval picture windows of the castle church in Lübeck. In: The car . 1978, pp. 120-135.
  • Gerhard Gerkens : One should appreciate the beautiful. Carl Julius Milde, Lübeck's first conservationist, draws from medieval art. Lübeck 1987, ISBN 3-9800517-8-1 . (Exhibition catalog)
  • Uwe Albrecht , Jörg Rosenfeld, Christiane Saumweber: Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume I: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, St. Annen Museum. Ludwig, Kiel 2005, ISBN 3-933598-75-3 .
  • Monika Böning: The medieval glass paintings from the former Dominican church in Lübeck. Diss. Freie Univ., Berlin 1996, DNB 948867175 .
  • Bernd Carqué, Hedwig Röckelein: The high altar retable of the St. Jacobi Church in Göttingen. (Publications of the Max Planck Institute for History 213. Studies on Germania Sacra 27), Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2005, ISBN 3-525-36284-6 (online)

Web links

Commons : Lübecker Burgkirchenfenster  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Burgkloster zu Lübeck  - Sources and full texts
Wikisource: St. Marien zu Lübeck  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to Wittstock, he also painted altar wings for Mary; see. Albrecht (2005) No. 28 older reredos by the mountain drivers and No. 29, there with reference to stylistic similarities with the master of the Jakobialtars .
  2. ^ Buk, p. 177.
  3. ↑ Illustration of the middle window in Buk II, p. 181.
  4. ↑ Figure BuK II, p. 179.
  5. ↑ Figure in BuK II, p. 178.
  6. ↑ Figure in BuK II, p. 188.
  7. ↑ Figure Buk II, p. 183.
  8. ↑ Wentzel (Lit.) <P. 53.
  9. ^ Wittstock, p. 134.
  10. ↑ According to Jürgen Wittstock (ed.): Church art of the Middle Ages and the Reformation: the collection in the St. Annen Museum. (Lübeck Museum Catalogs, Vol. 1). Museum for Art a. Kulturgeschichte, Lübeck 1981, ISBN 3-9800517-0-6 , p. 51f.
  11. ↑ Inv. No. 7533, 7534 and 7535
  12. ↑ Inv. No. 1959/12 and 1959/13
  13. ↑ all Inv.Nr.6717; the assignment of the fragment discs is uncertain
  14. ↑ Inv. No. 1909/355
  15. ↑ Inv. No. 7536