Maria Magdalenen Church (Lübeck)

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The facade of the Maria Magdalenen Church facing Burgstrasse shortly before it was demolished in 1819

The Maria Magdalenen Church , also known as the Burgkirche , was the monastery church of the Burgkloster in Lübeck . It was demolished in 1819 because it was in disrepair. Its rich furnishings form the basis for the collection of sacred art from the Middle Ages in the St. Anne's Museum .

history

The first church of the Dominican monastery , founded shortly after the Battle of Bornhöved , was built from 1229. It got its name from the day of the battle, which was fought on July 22, 1227, the feast day of St. Mary Magdalene . Judging by the few remains, this first church may have been a relatively small, flat-roofed late Romanesque hall church . But just a few decades later the small Romanesque church was replaced by a four-bay early Gothic building, which - barely completed - was badly damaged in the town fire in 1276. Their exact appearance cannot be reconstructed.

At the time of the catastrophic fire, the mendicant orders in Lübeck benefited greatly from the confrontation between the city council and the Lübeck bishop Burkhard von Serkem . Immediately after the fire, the citizens were ready to rebuild the church, extended to seven bays, as a brick-Gothic basilica . It was the first high Gothic building in Lübeck with flying buttresses . In 1319 the new building was consecrated by Serkem's successor, Bishop Heinrich II. Bochholt . Side chapels were added during the 14th century. 1399–1401, the original choir was replaced by a new three-aisled hall choir with a foundation from the municipal mint master Petrus Huk over 1,600 marks . The church was given a representative façade facing Burgstrasse, the city's most important thoroughfare. This facade contained at least 25 double niches in which 50 statues were located. With a length of 65 meters and a height of up to 23 meters, the Maria Magdalenen Church was the third largest church in Lübeck. In contrast to the usual rule of mendicant orders, which only allowed ridge turrets

Model construction of the Maria Magdalenen Church (Castle Church), view from NW

Maria-Magdalenen-Kirche had a high tower, which was located in the middle of the south facade of the nave and not, like most church towers since the Middle Ages, in the west of the nave. Since the Dominican order, which was primarily dedicated to preaching and pastoral care, enjoyed great popularity among the population, the church received numerous endowments from various religious brotherhoods , as is reflected in the furnishings that have been preserved. A small chapel added to the south-facing church wall in 1377 served those sentenced to death for a last prayer before execution in front of the castle gate . The chapel for poor sinners was moved to the east side when the new choir was completed.

Model construction of the Maria Magdalenen Church (Castle Church), view from SO

When in the course of the Reformation the monastery was dissolved in 1531 and used as a poor house, the castle church remained as a Protestant church, but did not become a parish church. The side chapels belonged to individual offices or were used as burial chapels, among others for the sub-rector and librarian Karl Heinrich Lange , the superintendent Johann Gottlob Carpzov , the main pastor Jakob von Melle and the councilor and provost Johann Scheven. Around 1600 the east facade was given a stepped gable. As early as the beginning of the 17th century, works of art found their way to churches in the surrounding area, for example the Marien Altar in the village church in Herrnburg . The last preacher, Gottlieb Nikolaus Stolterfoht , was shot on November 6th, 1806 when the French stormed Lübeck . Since then, no services have been held in the church.

The monastery church has always had static problems, on the one hand because the buttresses, which carried the weight of the vault, were too flat due to the inexperience of the builders with this technology, on the other hand the long nave had no stable foundation, as the church was built on the ramparts of the old castle had been. In 1589 the pulpit pillar collapsed, in 1635 the first north pillar and with it the entire first western vaulted yoke, which buried the organ under itself, which led to extensive repair work. When the second southern nave pillar with the vault collapsed on March 13, 1818, the city council decided, with the consent of the citizens, to demolish the church, which had not been used since 1806. The enclosing walls were left up to a height of about 3.5 meters as a boundary for the poorhouse cemetery. After all, after protests about the waste of inventory when the church of St. John's Monastery was demolished in 1806, the stained glass windows were saved and Carl Julius Milde secured some of their altars and the stone sculptures of the clever and foolish virgins that are now in the St. Anne's Museum. The remains of the church were removed from 1874–76 when the neo-Gothic elementary school was built. Only the four western, older yokes of the north wall, which connected to the monastery buildings, and the chapels built into them were preserved. The sacristy is still preserved , but it is located outside the church in the east wing of the enclosure of the castle monastery.

Furnishing

Until its demolition, the castle church had best preserved its rich mediaeval furnishings, or in the words of Jacob von Melle , contained “of all the churches most of the remaining monuments of the former Roman Catholic worship”.

Pulpit and altar

As a replacement for the pulpit, which was destroyed in 1589, Magdalena Elisabeth Haase, b. Bauert, the widow of the wealthy wine merchant Johann Haase and later founder of the Haasenhof in Dr.-Julius-Leber-Strasse , built a new building on the second northern pillar of the church in 1732, nothing is known about the whereabouts of this pulpit. The inauguration sermon of the superintendent Johann Gottlob Carpzov, however, has been preserved in a printed and digitized form.

The main altar was also renewed in the 18th century, through a donation from the knight Henning von Weissenow, Jürgen Pavel's son. Nothing is known about his fate either.

Side altars

Many, but not all, of the altars that were given to the Church as endowments have been preserved, at least in fragments. Most of them ended up in the medieval collection of the St. Anne's Museum . At the end of the 19th century, its large collection became the starting point for the art-historical classification of comparable works of late medieval sacred art in the Middle Low German-speaking area between Flanders, the Lower Rhine, Westphalia, the Hanseatic cities up to the Scandinavian countries and the Baltic States. Notations such as the master of the Altar of Arboga still bear witness to the internationality that was necessary to follow the medieval mobility in the art trade. The altars of the Lübeck Castle Church can partly be assigned not only to their donor, but also to the artist on the basis of traditional documents. Individual donors were often members of the Lübeck patriciate, such as the mayor Henning von Rentelen in the case of the castle church , or brotherhoods , mostly represented by their elders, such as Christian Northoff as an elder of the Antonius brotherhood.

altar Dating Picture carver painter Location particularities Illustration
Herrnburg Altar Early 15th century Herrnburg Masters I – III ./. Herrnburg village church Late Gothic winged altar, was created as a work by Lübeck artists at the beginning of the 15th century as the Marienaltar for the castle church. The original color version of the carved wooden figures of the triptych has not been preserved, they were "freed from the disfiguring painting in 1937." In 1937, the art historian Hans Wentzel assigned the figures to three different Lübeck carvers, which he used to distinguish them with the emergency names Herrnburger Meister I– III designated.
Corpus Christi altar 1496 Henning von der Heyde Wilm Dedeke (altar wing)
Master of the Bützow altar (inactive wing ) 		St. Anne's Museum Double-winged altar with a pair of fixed fixed wings as well as predella (central shrine 238.5 × 134.5 × 30 cm; wings 238.5 × 67 × 22 cm; fixed wings 256 × 67 cm). Commissioned work by the Lübeck patricians, the Holy Corpse Brotherhood , worth 451 Marks .
Annenmuseum Altaere 4 2013 5.JPG
Gertruden Altar 1509 Henning von der Heyde (circle); Master of the Schlutup Altarpiece Hermen Rode (circle of) St. Anne's Museum Winged altar (central shrine 138 × 181 × 20 cm; wings 138 × 90 × 18.5 cm). Foundation of the Gertrudenbruderschaft of the bearers , therefore St. Gertrude is the focus of the Holy Kinship.
Annenmuseum Altaere 4 2013 3.JPG
Kinship altar of the George Brotherhood 1510/15 Master of the clan altar unknown St. Anne's Museum Winged altar (center shrine 181 × 118 × 23 cm; wings 181 × 58 × 15.5 cm) of the George Brotherhood , in which the riding servants of the City of Lübeck were connected. He has been in the museum since 1848.
Root Jesse Altar 1515 Master of the castle church altars unknown, of Erhart Altdorfer affected St. Anne's Museum Winged altar.
Mary Magdalene Altar of the Brotherhood of Tailors 1519 Master of the castle church altars Erhart Altdorfer St. Anne's Museum Fragment of the double-winged altar with predella donated by the tailors to their brotherhood, the outer and inactive wings were separated and ended up as individual panel paintings on the art market and in the collection of the art lover Johann Nepomuk Graf Wilczek at Kreuzenstein Castle , two of which are now in the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College in Ohio , the other two were also cataloged there, but can no longer be found. The central shrine measures 231 × 132 × 26 cm, the wings 231 × 66 × 17.5 cm and came into the collection of the Lübeck Museum in 1848.
Annenmuseum Altaere 4 2013 4.JPG
Thomas Altar of the Brotherhood of Brewery Servants 1520 Master of the castle church altars Master of the Thomas Altar (wing)
Erhart Altdorfer (inactive wing ) 		St. Anne's Museum Double winged altar with inactive wings and predella. In the museum since 1848.
Anthony Altar 1522 Benedikt Dreyer Hans of Cologne St. Anne's Museum Winged altar (239 × 134.5 × 28 cm) with the statue of St. Antonius, commissioned by the Antonius Brotherhood (1520) worth 310 Marks Luebisch .
HL Antoniusaltar.jpg
Laurentius altar of the brotherhood of brewery servants 1522 Master of the Prenzlauer high altar Jacob van Utrecht (circle),
previously attributed to Hans Kemmer 		St. Anne's Museum The double-winged altar of the Brotherhood of Brewers' Knechte (middle section 150 × 150 × 20 cm; wings 148 × 75 × 20 cm) entered the museum's collection in 1848.

Stained glass

Main article: Window of the Lübeck Castle Church

The Gothic stained glass windows of the Maria Magdalenen Church were already one of the most important works of art in Lübeck in the Middle Ages. In the course of the demolition of the church and after appropriate securing, they found their way to the Marienkirche in Lübeck from 1840 and were unfortunately destroyed there in the air raid on Lübeck in 1942 except for a few fragments, which today, like most of the side altars, are in the medieval collection of St. .-Annen-Museum.

Triumphal cross

Triumphal Cross from the Lübeck Castle Church in Prague

According to a recent study by art historian Jan Friedrich Richter , referring to the diary of Lübeck mayor Heinrich Brockes I, the triumphal cross of Maria Magdalenen Church was given to Emperor Rudolf II by the Lübeck Council in 1602 and is still in the cruciform chapel of St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague preserved, with only the sculpture preserved, but the cross itself was later renewed. It is possibly a work by the Lübeck sculptor Johannes Junge .

Chapels

The side chapels on the north aisle of the Maria Magdalenen Church took on some of its numerous altars. Four of the side chapels on the north aisle are the only remaining parts of the church that have survived to this day: the square chapel N1 at the western end belonged to a brotherhood of Mary. Like the sacristy, it is not located in the actual former church interior, but rather in the enclosure of the castle monastery. The room, which directly adjoined the chapter house of the castle monastery, served as a mortuary in the 18th century . During the renovation in the 19th century, a false ceiling was inserted into the high room; In the 1980s, a staircase was installed here, which was dismantled in the course of the renovation in connection with the establishment of the European Hanseatic Museum.

Three more, flatter side chapels N2 - N4 are located at the level of the cloister of the castle monastery and the sacristy in the monastery. They were temporarily protected by a porch built in the early 1980s, which was torn down in the course of the construction of the European Hanseatic Museum and replaced by bronze protective doors.

  • Side chapel with frescoes

  • Vault of a side chapel

  • Vault of a side chapel from above on the 1st floor of the cloister

The chapel in the south aisle between the tower pillars was acquired by Karl Heinrich Lange as a burial chapel in 1738 . The printer and publisher Johann Balhorn (acquired in 1597), Heinrich Coelestin von Sternbach , Jacob von Melle (acquired in 1707), the superintendent Johann Gottlob Carpzov , the syndic and cathedral provost Johann Schaevius and the council pouring master Johann David Kriesche , also owned hereditary funerals in the church was buried here in 1790.

In the easternmost side chapel of the south aisle, at the top of the south side of the new choir , was the Katharinen altar, donated in will by the mayor Henning von Rentelen , who died in 1406 , as was the choir window above . A separate chapel is not mentioned. In front of the altar, the retable of which contained five statues of saints, was the family tomb, where his wife was already buried, and the monks undertook in 1420 to celebrate a mass at this altar for the salvation of the deceased family members forever. Up to the 18th century there were still two coats of arms of the von Rentelen family on the east wall of the church, which were supposed to keep alive the memory of the mayor Henning as well as his son, the councilor Christian (Kersten), who died in 1431 after he had died In his will, he had designated a precious chalice for use on this altar on May 17th.

organ

The first documentary mention of an organ took place in 1390; this was already the foundation of a new organ. Since 1393 the church - like most of the larger churches in Lübeck - had two organs, a large organ and a small organ . It was probably Friedrich Stellwagen who replaced the small organ in 1637 with a new instrument, which would be considered his first known new building. After the renovations that this organ underwent in 1754 (Didrich Lindt (en) and in 1786 Joachim Christoph Kaltschmidt) , nothing is known about its further fate.

Large organ from 1713, drawing from before 1815

The large organ, however, was destroyed when two pillars collapsed in 1635. It was not until 1713 that the co-head of the church, businessman and later councilor Adde Severin (1668–1731) made a foundation possible for a new building and its continuous maintenance as well as the payment of the organist. The organ builder was the Schnitger student Hans Hantelmann . The organ was his first new build and had 27 registers , divided into two manuals and a pedal . In 1815 the instrument was sold and entered the church of the Rehna monastery , but is no longer preserved. After the prospectus was renewed in 1855 , the interior was replaced in 1911 and a new pneumatic organ was installed. The original disposition was (in modernized notation):

I main work C–
Quintatön 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
octave 4 ′
Reed flute 4 ′
Nassard 3 ′
Rauschpfeife II
Scharff III
Mixture VI
Drum up 8th'
II breastwork C–
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
Quintatön 8th'
recorder 4 ′
Fifth flute 3 ′
Sesquialtera II
Scharff IV
Dulcian 16 ′
Pedal C–
Sub-bass 16 ′
Principal 8th'
Dumped 8th'
octave 4 ′
Night horn 2 ′
Mixture VI
trombone 16 ′
Drum up 8th'
cornet 2 ′

Sculptures

The castle church had rich figural decorations. Outstanding was a cycle of sandstone figures which is dated to the first quarter of the 15th century. Where they were worked is still highly controversial today and opinions range from Lübeck via Westphalia ( master of the Lübeck Burgkirchen cycles ) to Flanders. There is agreement that all 27 stone figures come from a workshop. They are said to have adorned the choir and the choir ( rood screen ) in the past and are now also in the St. Anne's Museum.

The sandstone sculptures

The wise virgins
The foolish virgins

Wooden sculptures

Individual wooden sculptures from the castle church are now also in the St. Anne's Museum:

  • Seated bishop (Nikolaus or Blasius?), Lübeck 1380–1400 (h 159 cm). Acquired from the Schiffergesellschaft, but possibly got there in the course of the Reformation from the chapel of the Nikolausbruderschaft in the castle church.
  • Saint Dominican (possibly Thomas Aquinas ?), Lübeck 1440 with proximity to the master of the Jacobial tariff
  • Mourning Maria (from a crucifixion group), Bernt Notke circle around 1480 (h 152 cm)
  • Standing Mother of God , Master Tilman , Cologne around 1480–90 (h 125 cm)
  • Standing Mother of God on the crescent moon , Lübeck workshop around 1460–70 (h 129 cm)
  • Apostle Jakobus Maior , Lübeck work around 1480–90 (h 122 cm)
  • On loan from the St. Anne's Museum in St. Johannis in Kücknitz: Crucifix from the Benedikt Dreyer's circle (around 1520)

Bells

The tower of the church was already described by Jacob von Melle as having bells .

At least four bells were present at the time of demolition, although it cannot be ruled out that one or the other was taken over into the tower in 1622 after the St. Gertruden chapel in front of the castle gate was demolished.

Three of the bells were placed in the Curau Church, which was rebuilt in 1828 after the village fire on September 24, 1827 . However, since they did not harmonize there, only the largest one was kept there. The other two were recast in 1829 by the Lübeck council casting master Friedrich Wilhelm Hirt . However, these two bells cracked after a short time in 1846 and 1848 and were again cast again in 1851 by the Rendsburg bell founder J. F. Beseler. The preserved bell of the castle church was cast in 1704 by the traveling bell caster Caspar Henrich Castell from Frankfurt am Main. It is adorned with the names and coats of arms of the four rulers of the castle church at the time: Hermann Rodde , Adde Severin, Jürgen Eckhoff and Hinrich Sesemann as well as eight silver coins.

Another bell of the castle church has been preserved in the Luther Church , consecrated in 1937 . The small Dominicus bell with a diameter of 80 cm and a height of 70 cm was cast by Heinrich von Kampen in Lübeck in 1510. It bears the inscription sanctus dominicus anno d [omi] ni MDX hinrick van campen . After the castle church was demolished, it first came to St. Jakobi , from there to the museum in 1913 and finally to the Luther Church in 1937.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Caster
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Mass
(kg) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 ) 		Whereabouts
 
1 1704 Caspar Henrich Castell 950 in the Curau church
2 Dominicus 1510 Heinrich von Kampen 800 in the Luther Church (Lübeck)

Grave slabs

For the castle monastery and its church, 27 medieval tombstones have survived, seven of which are still preserved in the rooms of the castle monastery. The rest are either definitely missing or currently undetectable. These include the tombstones of the mayor Heinrich Pleskow († 1340) and his son, the councilor Arnold Pleskow († 1363), the councilor Nikolaus von Stiten († 1427), Ludwig Krull († 1431), the mayor Bruno Warendorp († 1457) , the councilors Johann Bere († 1457) and Wenemar Overdyk († 1460), the members of the circle society Hermann Bere († 1483) and Thomas Kerckring († 1496) as well as the prior Lorenz Lebrade († 1502).

Clergy

Dominican

Seal Gropes as auxiliary bishop in Mecklenburg (1368)

preacher

Stolterfoth, last preacher of the castle church

The preachers of the castle church were also responsible for the pastoral care at the Holy Spirit Hospital and the residents of the charitable foundation St. Gertruden-Pocken- und Almhaus .

  • until 1549 Tilemann Vathower († 1549)
  • 1550–1551 Lorenz Mörsken ( dismissed because of erroneous teaching )
  • 1551–1574 Moritz Köselitz († 1574)
  • 1575–1576 Johann Dreyer (appointed to St. Johannis)
  • 1576–1577 Heinrich Menne (previously preacher on Bornholm for 3 years ; called to St. Jakobi)
  • 1578–1587 Bernhard Schürmann (appointed as a preacher in St. Aegidia)
  • 1587–1598 Johannes Stricker († 1598)
  • 1598–1613 Christoph Dastorff († 1613)
  • 1610–1617 Albert Reimers (became deacon at the cathedral, † 1641)
  • 1617–1619 Hinrich Flügge († 1619)
  • 1619–1626 Hinrich Glambeck (appointed to the cathedral)
  • 1626–1644 Hermann Weber (Textorius) († 1644), previously pastor at St. Lorenz (Travemünde)
  • 1645–1669 Erasmus Möllenhoff († 1669)
  • 1670–1684 Thomas Honstedt (1642–1704, appointed pastor to the cathedral)
  • 1685–1687 Otto Blanck (e) (appointed as a preacher to St. Petri)
  • 1687–1697 Christian Möllenhoff († 1697, father of Christian Nicolaus Möllenhof )
  • 1697–1714 Emanuel Sebastian Harder (1662–1714)
  • 1715–1733 Heinrich Scharbau (appointed pastor to St. Aegidia)
  • 1733–1761 Johann Christoph Schwarz (1702–1761)
  • 1761–1766 Hermann Harksen (called to St. Petersburg; † 1770)
  • 1766–1767 Friedrich Gottlieb Wiedeburg (called to St. Petersburg; † 1769)
  • 1767-1793 Johann Ha (a) ke
  • 1792–1806 Gottlieb Nikolaus Stolterfoht (1761–1806)

literature

  • Jacob von Melle : M. Jac. von Melle former Seniors and Senior Pastors to S. Marien in Lübeck Thorough message from the Kaiserl. freyen and the HR Reichs Stadt Lübeck: which is given to the locals and foreigners from unobjectionable documents with a sincere pen. 3. Edition. ed. by Johann Hermann Schnobel . Lübeck 1787, pp. 267-275. (Digitized version)
  • Friedrich Techen : The tombstones of the Lübeck churches. Rathgens, Lübeck 1898, p. 121 ff. (Digitized version)
  • Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns , Hugo Rahtgens: The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV: The Monasteries. The town's smaller churches. The churches and chapels in the outskirts. Thought and way crosses and the Passion of Christ. Nöhring, Lübeck 1928, pp. 167-280. (Facsimile reprint: Verl. Für Kunstreprod., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, ISBN 3-89557-168-7 )
  • Wilhelm Stahl Lübeck's music history. Volume II: Sacred Music. Kassel and Basel: Bärenreiter 1952
  • Michael Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. In: The car . 1990, pp. 244-274.
  • Russalka Nikolov (ed.): The castle monastery in Lübeck. Coleman, Lübeck 1992, ISBN 3-87128-033-X .
  • Anna Elisabeth Albrecht: Stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400: Foundation and origin. Reimer, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01172-6 .
  • Antje Grewolls: The chapels of the north German churches in the Middle Ages: architecture and function. Ludwig, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-3-1 .
  • Dietrich Wölfel: The wonderful world of organs. Lübeck as an organ city . Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2004.
  • Uwe Albrecht, Jörg Rosenfeld, Christiane Saumweber: Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume I: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, St. Annen Museum. Ludwig, Kiel 2005, ISBN 3-933598-75-3 .
  • Brigitte Heise, Hildegard Vogeler : The altars of the St. Anne Museum. 2nd Edition. Lübeck 2008, ISBN 978-3-937900-05-6 .
  • Uwe Albrecht , Ulrike Nürnberger, Jan Friedrich Richter , Jörg Rosenfeld, Christiane Saumweber: Corpus of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting in Schleswig-Holstein. Volume II: Hanseatic City of Lübeck, The Works in the City Area. Ludwig, Kiel 2012, ISBN 978-3-933598-76-9 .

Web links

Commons : Maria-Magdalenkirche (Lübeck)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Burgkloster zu Lübeck  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, pp. 249-253.
  2. ↑ a b Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, p. 256.
  3. ^ Albrecht: Stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, pp. 40–45 on Petrus Huk and the history of the foundation. The founder, Huk, went bankrupt in 1404 and was charged with usury in 1406 by the New Council, which came to power due to civil unrest .
  4. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments . Hamburg. Schleswig-Holstein. 3rd supplemented edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin / Munich 2009, p. 530.
  5. ^ Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, pp. 261-262.
  6. ^ Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, p. 244.
  7. ^ Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, p. 264.
  8. ↑ Stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 40.
  9. ^ Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, p. 263.
  10. ^ Nikolov: The castle monastery in Lübeck. 1992, p. 26.
  11. ↑ a b Gorski: The building history of the castle church in Lübeck. 1990, p. 270.
  12. ↑ Dietrich Wölfel: The wonderful world of organs. Lübeck as an organ city . Schmidt-Römhild Verlag, Lübeck 1980, p. 158ff.
  13. ↑ Melle: M. Jac. von Melle former seniors and senior pastors. 1787, p. 269.
  14. ^ Building and architectural history, urban development in Lübeck - secular buildings in the old town - Dr.-Julius-Leber-Str. 37-39 (Hasenhof) PDF at www.archiv.luebeck.de
  15. ↑ Inauguration certificate digitized online
  16. ^ Hans Wentzel: Herrnburger Altar. with the illustrations of all figures. In: Supplement to the Lübeckische Blätter . No. 13 of March 28, 1937.
  17. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 86, pp. 272–282; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 36-42.
  18. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 157, pp. 397-405; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 43-47.
  19. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 158, pp. 406-414; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 113-116.
  20. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 159, pp. 415-420; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 132-135.
  21. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 161, pp. 430–439; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 74-80.
  22. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 162, pp. 440–451; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 117-123.
  23. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 164, pp. 457–466; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 26-30.
  24. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 165, pp. 467–473; Heise, Vogler: The altars of the St. Anne's Museum. 2008, pp. 62-66.
  25. ↑ Diary entry from 1608 about his personal inspection of the Triumphal Cross in Prague, when he was Lübeck's ambassador to Emperor Rudolf II because of the Braunschweig feud .
  26. ^ Jan Friedrich Richter: The triumphal cross of the Lübeck castle church. In: Zeitschrift für Lübeckische Geschichte Volume 96 (2016), pp. 65–83
  27. ↑ Antje Grewolls: The chapels of the north German churches in the Middle Ages. Architecture and function . Ludwig, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-3-1 (also: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1997), there p. 226.
  28. ^ Description in Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns, Hugo Rahtgens: Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Hansestadt Lübeck. Volume IV: The Monasteries. The town's smaller churches. The churches and chapels in the outskirts. Thought and way crosses and the Passion of Christ. Nöhring, Lübeck 1928, p. 177. (Facsimile reprint: 2001, ISBN 3-89557-168-7 )
  29. ^ Carl von Stern ( Wilhelm Gläser ): Fragments to the knowledge of the Lübeck first prints from 1464 to 1524. Glasses, Lübeck 1903, p. 215.
  30. ↑ Thorough message from the Kaiserl. freyen and the HR Reich city of Lübeck. , P. 270 ; Richard Haupt: The architectural and art monuments of the province of Schleswig-Holstein. Kiel 1889, p. 37.
  31. ↑ See Antje Grewolls: The chapels of the north German churches in the Middle Ages: Architecture and Function. Ludwig, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-3-1 , p. 228, see also Baltzer u. a .: The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV, 1928, p. 217.
  32. ↑ Maria flanked by the apostles Philippus and Jakobus as well as Katharina and Dorothea (Baltzer et al .: Die Bau- und Kunstdenkmäler der Hansestadt Lübeck. Volume IV, 1928, p. 217). The retable has not survived or has not yet been identified.
  33. ^ Josef Traeger: Michael de Rentelen, OP. In: The bishops of the medieval diocese of Schwerin . St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1984, pp. 207-208.
  34. ↑ Baltzer et al. a .: The architectural and art monuments of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Volume IV, 1928, p. 230 f.
  35. ↑ For the history of the Burgkloster organs cf. Wölfel 2004, especially in the section "Burgkirche", pp. 158–159.
  36. ↑ After 1633, until Stellwagens death in 1660, no other organ builder was active in Lübeck. See Wölfel 2004, p. 159, or Ibo Ortgies : Friederich Stellwagen . In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in history and present , person part, vol. 15. Verlag Bärenreiter, Kassel 2006, col. 1411-1412, here col. 1412).
  37. ↑ Adde Severin was elected to the Lübeck council in 1724. See Emil Ferdinand Fehling : Lübeckische Ratslinie. Lübeck 1925, No. 857.
  38. ↑ Wölfel 2004, p. 159.
  39. ↑ Stahl 1952, p. 87, cited above. in Wölfel 2004, p. 159.
  40. ^ According to Albrecht, not in Westphalian, but in Flanders. Albrecht: Stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, pp. 72–85.
  41. ^ Albrecht: stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 56 ff.
  42. ^ Albrecht: stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 65 ff.
  43. ↑ Albrecht: Stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 68.
  44. ^ Albrecht: stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 70.
  45. ^ Albrecht: stone sculpture in Lübeck around 1400. 1997, p. 71 ff.
  46. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 19, pp. 90–92.
  47. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 47, pp. 169–171.
  48. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 110, pp. 337–338; Hildegard Vogler: Madonnas in Lübeck. Lübeck 1993, No. 18, p. 46.
  49. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 111, pp. 339-340; Hildegard Vogler: Madonnas in Lübeck. Lübeck 1993, No. 41, p. 83.
  50. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 113, pp. 343–344.
  51. ↑ Albrecht et al .: Corpus der Mittelalterlichen ... Volume I, 2005, No. 114, pp. 345–346.
  52. ↑ Kücknitz parish (PDF; 2.2 MB)
  53. ↑ Melle: M. Jac. von Melle former seniors and senior pastors. 1787, p. 269. (digitized version)
  54. ^ Theodor Hach: Lübeck bell customer . Lübeck 1913, p. 145.
  55. ↑ History of the Luther-Melanchthon Parish ( Memento of the original from April 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 11, 2017. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kirche-ll.de
  56. ^ Theodor Hach: Lübeck bell customer . Lübeck 1913, pp. 38 and 89
  57. ^ Klaus Krüger: Corpus of the medieval grave monuments in Lübeck, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg 1100-1600. Jan Thorbeke Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7995-5940-X , pp. 501-520.
  58. ↑ Studied at the University of Rostock, entry in the Rostock matriculation portal .
  59. ↑ Studied at the University of Rostock, entry in the Rostock matriculation portal .
  60. ↑ Studied at the University of Rostock, entry in the Rostock matriculation portal .
  61. ↑ Studied at the University of Rostock, entry in the Rostock matriculation portal .
  62. ↑ Georg Wilhelm Dittmer : Genealogical and biographical news about Lübeck families from older times , Dittmer, 1859, p. 41 ( digitized version )