Friedrich Stellwagen

Friedrich Stellwagen (personal spelling of the first name: Friederich or Friderich; baptized February 7, 1603 in Halle (Saale) ; buried March 2, 1660 in Lübeck ) was a German organ builder .

Life

Friedrich Stellwagen was probably born in Halle (Saale), where he was baptized in St. Ulrich in 1603.

In 1629 at the latest he worked as a journeyman in the workshop of the Electoral Saxon court organ builder Gottfried Fritzsche , who had moved to Hamburg , and in 1634 at the latest he started his own business as an organ builder in Lübeck , but there are indications of a possible work there as early as 1633. It is not It is unlikely that he would move to Lübeck in 1631 or soon after, after he had married his master's daughter, Theodora Fritzsche, in Ottensen on September 1, 1633 (Fritzsche continued the Hamburg workshop until his death in 1638). His son Gottfried Stellwagen also became an organ builder. His son-in-law was Michael Beriegel .

Friedrich Stellwagen had a de facto organ building privilege in Lübeck from 1634 until his death in 1660, which is underlined in 1645 by the general organ maintenance contract with all five main churches (St. Marien, Dom, St. Jakobi, St. Petri and St. Aegidien).

Stellwagen expanded the organ in St. Jacobi zu Lübeck in 1636 and 1637 (the drawer and almost all the registers are still preserved today) and rebuilt the large organ in Lübeck's Marienkirche from 1637 to 1641 . The shape that Stellwagen finally gave to the two organs of the Marienkirche was not only decisive for the work of the organists Franz Tunder and Dieterich Buxtehude : Since Tunder had not yet assumed his office as Lübeck's Marienorganist at the time of the organ acceptance in 1641, Heinrich Scheidemann was commissioned , Organist of the Katharinenkirche in Hamburg checking the conversion of the car. Scheidemann was probably so impressed by Stellwagen's work that in St. Katharinen he was able to award Stellwagen the contract to convert the large organ there. Its reconstruction of the Catherine organ took place between 1644 and 1647.

Reference to Stellwagens work in Stralsund Marienkirche

After Stellwagen had completed a new construction contract in the Hanseatic city of Stralsund in the church of St. John's Monastery from 1651 to 1653 and had carried out maintenance work on the organ of the Jakobikirche there, in mid-1653 he received the order for his largest and probably last work, the organ in Stralsund's Marienkirche . After the contract was signed, Stellwagen initially returned to Lübeck for two years, where he worked on the small organ in Lübeck's Marienkirche. It was not until mid-1655 that Stellwagen moved with his workshop to Stralsund, where local carpenters had meanwhile built the organ case in St. Mary's Church.

The Stellwagen organ in St. Marien is only partially preserved today. In addition to the prospectus and the partially preserved interior, there are mainly around 550 pipes (but from almost all registers, so that there are good bases for reconstruction). Despite significant loss of substance, the Stralsund Marien organ or Stellwagen organ is one of the most important baroque organs in Northern Germany . Typical are the pipes grouped in clearly separated works (here in the [main] work, upper positive, back positive and the two side pedal towers). The prospectus with its decorative motifs in the Dutch cartilage style is one of the representative organ prospectuses of the early baroque era . The organ was completed in 1659; Stellwagen died shortly before or shortly after the organ was removed.

Friedrich Stellwagen died before February 25, 1660. The place of death is not known and he was buried in Lübeck Cathedral.

List of works

year	place	church	image	Manuals	register	Remarks
1630-1631	Braunschweig	St. Martini		II / P	24	New building together with Jonas Weigel ; Prospectus received
1636-1637	Lübeck	St. Jakobi (small organ)		III / P	31	Conversion, new Rückpositiv and breastwork from Stellwagen; largely preserved and restored → organs of the Jakobikirche (Lübeck)
1637	Lübeck	Church of the castle monastery (small organ)		?	?	first known new construction of the Stellwagen as an independent master craftsman (attribution), not preserved
1639-1640	Ahrensburg	Castle Church		II / P	15th	first received new building; Housing and some registers preserved
1637-1641	Lübeck	St. Marien (large organ)		III / P	54	Expansion conversion; not preserved ( war loss, 1942 )
1637-1641	Mölln	St. Nicolai				Extension conversion, new Rückpositiv; partially preserved
1642-1643	Travemünde	St. Lorenz		II / P	21st	New building; not received
1643-1646	Lübeck	St. Petri (large organ)		III / P	45	Reconstruction (replacement of the spring drawers with slider drawers) not received
1644-1647	Hamburg	St. Catherine's		IV / P	58	Modification; Parts of the pipework preserved; 2009–2013 reconstruction
1645-1648	Lübeck	Aegidienkirche		IV / P	42	Extension conversion of the Scherer organ from 1624-25, breastwork to 4th manual; Scherer prospectus is preserved, no Stellwagen substance preserved → Organ of the Aegidienkirche (Lübeck)
1650	Salzwedel	St. Catherine's		III / P	37	New building; not received
1651-1652	Luneburg	St. Johannis		III / P		Reconstruction, no substance from Stellwagen received → organ
1651-1653	Stralsund	Johanniskloster				New building; not received
1653-1655	Lübeck	Marienkirche (Lübeck) (dance of death organ)				Remodeling (including work on the windchest); not preserved ( war loss, 1942 )
1653-1659	Stralsund	St. Mary's Church (north gallery)		III / P	51	New building; Prospectus and important parts of the pipework preserved → Organs of St. Mary's Church (Stralsund)

Sound samples

• Large organ of the Marienkirche (Lübeck) : audio file (on the organ: Simon Schumacher) with the register hollow flute 4 ′ of the so-called "small" Stellwagenorgan of the St. Jakobikirche Lübeck: Live recording from the St. Jakobikirche Lübeck August 2008; 2.38 MB ^{? / i} .

literature

• Dietrich Wölfel: The wonderful world of organs. Lübeck as an organ city . Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2004.
• Ibo Ortgies : Friederich Stellwagen . In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): The music in past and present , person part, Vol. 15. Verlag Bärenreiter, Kassel 2006, Sp. 1411-1412.
• Ibo Ortgies: About the reconstruction of the large organ of the Marienkirche in Lübeck by Friederich Stellwagen 1637–1641 . In: Cleveland Johnson (Ed.): Orphei organi antiqui, Essays in Honor of Harald Vogel . Westfield Center, Seattle 2006, pp. 313-335.
• Evangelical parish of St. Marien Stralsund (Hrsg.): The Stellwagen organ in Sankt Marien zu Stralsund. An inventory, chronicle and documentation . Organum Buch publishing house, Öhringen 2006.
• Ibo Ortgies: Stellwagen, Friedrich. In: Matthias Geuting u. Hermann J. Busch (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the organ. Organ building - organ playing - composers and their interpreters . Laaber-Verlag, Laaber 2007, p. 739.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ A council minutes of the city of Stralsund dated February 25, 1660, however, was interpreted as meaning that he had died in Stralsund: "Sehl: Friederich Stelwagen's bereaved widows write aloud (...). Nevertheless, (...) the widows of common town 10 a 12 rights should be written to EE Raht zu Rostock on their behalf to force the skipper Tide Maaß to bring him [= mentioned] widow with the received freight according to his reverses given here by himself to Lübeck. ” (Stralsund City Archives, Directory of the files of the Rats-Kirchen-Archiv zu Stralsund, Ki 35, 4.) However, the protocol says nothing about the place of death of the car.
2. ↑ After 1633, until Stellwagens death in 1660, no other organ builder was active in Lübeck. Wölfel 2004 (p. 159) and Ortgies 2006 (col. 1412).
3. ↑ The first known new building was probably the organ for the church of the castle monastery in Lübeck, which Stellwagen completed in 1637. See above.
4. ^ Heike Angermann: Stellwagen organ in Woldenhorn . In: Diedrich Becker, Musicus. Approaching a musician and his time. (PDF file; 2.15 MB). Dissertation University of Würzburg, Zeulenroda 2013, pp. 22–25.