Cartilage

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Dutch ornamental engraving around 1652
Portal detail of the Achtermann house in Braunschweig , around 1630
Detail from the Gudewerth retable in St. Nikolai, Eckernförde, around 1640
Detail of a silver work by Johannes Lutma, 1653. Hallwylska museet, Stockholm.

As auricular cartilage baroque, Pinna works (ger .: auricular style , Fr .: style cartilage ), Teigwerk or Kwab Ornament (nl. Kwab = jellyfish) Ornament variants are from the art epoch of Mannerism referred from about 1600, where a preference for doughy or cartilaginous, swelling and lobed, swinging forms are common. The terms mentioned at the beginning cannot always be clearly defined and are often used synonymously. All of these ornaments are ungeometric, but apart from hints of grotesque masks with their bulbous noses, bulges and ornate beards, despite their "organic" design, they show little naturalness. As a parallel variant, the Schweifwerk can be seen, which is less heavy and doughy, but light and latticed.

This ornament style developed out of the scrollwork , forerunners can be seen in the softening of the shape of Italian cartridge frames around 1590, but which had little lasting effect there. Also from Cornelis Floris II. There are some ornamental prints sheets with early forms of this style. North of the Alps, mainly in Germany and the Netherlands, in Scandinavia and the Baltic States, the style remained dominant for over half a century and also played a certain role in France. In the Netherlands, a few silversmiths (e.g. Adam and Paulus van Vianen ) used this technique by modeling entire vessels in that amorphous way; The auricle and kwab ornaments were also popular on the plastic carvings of furniture and frames and the graphic cartouches in copperplate engravings. The ornamental engravings and pattern books of German engravers played an important role in the dissemination of the ornamental forms discussed here . Wendel Dietterlin's Architectura from 1598 is based on the conventional roller and fittings , Lucas Kilian's ABC booklet shows the origin of the more elegant Schweifwerk , Christoph Jamnitzer published a Neuw Grottesque book in Nuremberg in 1610 and also worked as a goldsmith in this style.

From the middle of the 17th century, pure acanthus is on the rise again and becomes the main ornament around 1670.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Irmscher, 2005, pp. 96, 104-105.

literature

  • Rudolf Zöllner: German columns, ornaments and shield books 1610 to 1680: a contribution to the history of the development of the cartilage style. Kiel, Univ., Diss., 1959
  • Daniela Roberts: German 'Knorpelwerk': Auricular dissemination in prints, woodcarving, and painted wall decorations, 1620–70 , published on wordpress.com on October 23, 2016 on the topic of Auricular Style: Frames ( online )
  • Günter Irmscher: Ornament in Europa , Cologne 2005, p. 96, 104-107.
  • Reinier Baarsen: Kwab. Ornament as Art in the Age of Rembrandt . (Exhibition catalog), Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Auricular style  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Cartilage  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations