Luther Church (Lübeck)
The Evangelical Lutheran Luther Church in St. Lorenz Süd , Lübeck suburb, which is now a listed building , is one of the few church buildings that were built during the Nazi era .
history
On April 22, 1913 by decision of the Church Council and the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Luebeck the Board of the St. Lawrence parish the tendering of a competition to build a community hall together with parsonage building for the third priest of the church on the Land granted to the state Moislinger Allee 96 approved. The jury consisted of the secret building councilor Horsfeldt ( Berlin ), building director Johannes Baltzer , building councilor Carl Mühlenpfordt , Philip Paulig (chairman of the community council) and pastor Wilhelm Mildenstein . On August 2, 1913, it was chosen by the architects Glogner & Vermehren . The Church Council and Synod then decided on October 30, 1913 and May 22, 1914 to provide a total of 50,000 marks for this purpose.
At the meeting of the Society for the Promotion of Charitable Activities on December 9, 1913, Mildenstein was elected head of the 3rd school for small children in place of the outgoing main pastor of the St. Lorenz community, Johannes Bernhard .
Shortly after the outbreak of the World War , the Lübeck senior Johannes Becker inaugurated the community hall on October 18, 1914 and handed it over to regular church services , confirmation classes and other events. The square in front of the hall was not built on until 1935 with the church that was envisaged in 1914 and was to be designed by the same architects.
At that time, the planned replacement of the mother community and the independence of the southern part with the name "Luther Church" had been initiated. The first children's service took place on November 1st; On the 22nd, the church council was elected with Bernhard Dräger as chairman, and on November 29th, 1914 the Luther Community was officially founded. The first parish gazette appeared on January 1, 1915.
The architects participating in the tender should also submit plans for the planned church. The war, inflation and the world economic crisis initially prevented them from being carried out.
The community built the wooden bell tower, inaugurated on October 14, 1923, and initially received two bells. The smaller of the two came from 1399 and was not rung, only struck. It originally hung in the roof turret of the Katharinenkirche . The larger one was cast by Hinrich van Campen in 1510 ; it belonged to the bells of the Maria Magdalenen Church of the castle monastery , which was demolished in 1819, and was on loan from the Jacobi community .
The church council, chaired by Bernhard Dräger , decided in 1925 to build a community hall next to the community hall. They wanted to rent three apartments on its upper floors and hoped for solid financing. The neighboring property was acquired for this purpose. Today's Luther House was completed in 1927.
When, in the summer of 1933, it was ordered that the buildings, including church buildings, be flagged with the emblem of the empire , the Luther congregation set up a flagpole on the meadow in front of the Luther building.
At the end of 1935 the decision was made to build a new building, which was also strongly supported by the Lübeck regional church . The Luther community was considered exemplary by the German-Christian and National Socialist church leadership. There the Luther congregation also had a strong advocate in Johannes Sievers ; because Sievers was also the chairman of the Lutheran congregation. In 1936, in deviation from the original plans, the old parish hall was demolished to make room for the construction of a larger church than originally planned.
The brick church reflects the architectural ideas of the German Christians . It was built according to a design by the Lübeck architects Glogner & Vermehren ( Willy Glogner and Paul Vermehren ) and inaugurated on October 31, 1937. It was not until 1938 that the church received the Luther statue, which is located at the entrance and was created from shell limestone by the artist Fritz Behn from Lübeck .
The Luther Church was the place of activity of the Lübeck martyr Pastor Karl Friedrich Stellbrink until his arrest in the spring of 1942 . In the post-war period, the church also became known through the work of the former Danzig pastor Gerhard M. Gülzow , who collected the displaced Danzig residents in Lübeck.
The Luther Church congregation belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany . In 2000 it merged with the Melanchthon congregation to form the Luther Melanchthon congregation with around 6,000 congregation members.
In 2014 extensive renovation work took place on the church. The exhibition on the history of the four Lübeck martyrs, which has been located on the gallery of the Luther Church since 1995, has been updated and expanded. Today the Luther Church is a memorial of the Lübeck-Lauenburg parish and the North Church.
Furnishing
altar
The stage-like altar of the Luther Church was originally equipped with an oversized sculpture by the sculptor Otto Flath . It consisted of eight oversized figures made of elm wood, which corresponded to the ideal-typical idea of the National Socialists of a German family: grandparents, parents and four children. Son and father hold hands on a sword. In the middle of the groups of figures a five-meter high oak cross without a figure of Christ protruded.
In 1990 the church council of the Luther congregation decided to remove the group of figures from the altar and place it in the side entrance of the church. The big naked cross remained.
In the course of the renovations in the church in 2014, an artist competition for the redesign was held. It was won by the Munich artist Werner Mally, who now also removed the large cross from the chancel and instead decorated the altar apse with a mural. Suspended rotating shadows create the impression of constant movement in the picture. Instead of the grand cross, there is now an approx. 70 cm large fragment of the cross on the remaining altar table. The cross, sawn from solid oak, opens up towards the painting and stands for “uprising and departure”.
art
The group of figures The German Family , which was moved from the chancel to the side entrance in 1990, has also become the subject of an artistic discussion. Artist Werner Mally turned her face to the wall on which mirrors were mounted. The installation is called Reflection .
Bells
The Luther Community received two bells for the bell tower of their first parish hall from 1914: The smaller of the two was from 1399 and until then hung in the roof turret of the Katharinenkirche . It was only struck, but not rung. The larger bell, cast in 1510 by Hinrich van Campen, originally belonged to the ringing of the Maria Magdalenen Church of the castle monastery, which was demolished in 1819, and is on loan from the Lübeck Jakobigemeinde.
When the new Luther Church was completed in 1937, three larger bells, which had been made in the Schwartau foundry in Ohlsen, were added to the tower. They were each marked with the year 1936 and a swastika and carried the following slogans: “All things are possible to those who believe.” - “Wake up, wake up, you German country!” - “Our God is a strong castle! "
These bells were removed towards the end of 1941 and taken away to be melted down. Only the small one from 1510, named after its inscription "Dominicus Bell", was allowed to stay. Today it is the second oldest active bell in Lübeck. The older bell has returned to the Katharinenkirche and is now part of the local bell collection.
In the 1950s, pastor Gerhard Gülzow procured three bells from the villages of Wotzlaff, Trutenau and Stuplau in the Danzig area on loan from the Hamburg bell warehouse . These bells were also supposed to be melted down during the war, but that never happened. In 2005 they had to be taken down because of serious damage. The bell from Wotzlaff went to the Museum Haus Hansestadt Danzig . The largest bell came to the Greifenstein Bell Museum and the small bell from Stuplau is now in front of the Luther Church.
As a replacement, the community acquired three bells from the closed Heiligengeistkirche in Hamburg-Barmbek-Süd in 2006 , which were cast in 1962 by the Rincker brothers' bell foundry . They bear the inscription: “Be happy in hope, be patient in tribulation, persevere in prayer.” Together with the old Dominicus bell from 1510, the ringing now sounds in f sharp-g sharp-h′-c sharp.
organ
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The first organ was built in 1937 by the Lübeck organ building company E. Kemper. The instrument had 29 registers on two manuals and a pedal and was the first organ in Lübeck with electro-pneumatic action . The present organ was built in 1986 and 1990 by the organ building company EF Walcker (Kleinblittersdorf). The slider chest instrument has 22 registers on two manuals and a pedal. The actions are mechanical. The first manual is a coupling manual.
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- Coupling : II / P, III / P and coupling manual (II and III / I)
cenotaph
When after the First World War they wanted to erect a memorial for the fallen of the community on Mildenstein's initiative , it was originally planned to erect it on the square in front of the pastorate. However, because of the ongoing high costs for the horticultural jewelry and its maintenance, this project was dropped again. The views developed by Erich Klahn , an artist who was once confirmed here by Mildenstein , that honoring the dead by installing glass windows , led the church council to commission him with the design without a competition. The glowing colored picture window intended for Burg on Fehmarn served as a reference for his skills .
The time consists of three glass windows. The middle window, a pietà , is the dominant one. Maria , in gray instead of the first in a blue robe , the dead son in her lap Having worshiped. Shining rays emanate from its head. The image enclosing tape proclaims: "Allen dragen for us, dat op Swörste sik names, we för Leeden un died wi sullen nich spoiled. Lord help us ut all uns' Nod. ”The windows on its sides bear the names of the fallen and their bezels each contain a representation from the story of the Passion . These were deliberately related to the historical conception of the time: on the left, "Treason of Judas" ( stab in the back legend ) and on the right, the soldiers "throwing the dice for the robe of the crucified" ( Treaty of Versailles ).
However, the Monument Council rejected the design and objected to the chosen color tones, red and blue, as these would take away the light character of the room and introduce another into it. The church council no longer adhered to the colored design and the windows are in sepia brown and gold . The work was fired and leaded by master Berkentin following the modified design. The gold always proceeds from the figure of the Savior.
After the St. Getrud congregation, the Luther congregation was the second congregation in the city to inaugurate a memorial for its fallen.
The windows were installed in the parish hall and later in the new church. Today only a fragment of one third of the memorial remains . The name boards have been grouped together in a window that is in the anteroom on the left. The whereabouts of the rest is unclear.
literature
- Rolf Saltzwedel: The Luther community in Lübeck during the time of National Socialism . In: Der Wagen: Lübeck contributions to culture and society . 1995, ISSN 0933-484X , p. 119-138 .
- Karen Meyer-Rebentisch: What is Luther doing in St. Lorenz? History and stories from the district and community. Lübeck 2014.
Individual evidence
- ^ Society for the promotion of charitable activities. In: Lübeckische Blätter , Volume 55, No. 50, edition of December 14, 1913, p. 814.
- ↑ Inauguration of the St. Lorenz Süd parish hall. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Vol. 24, No. 41, edition of October 10, 1914, p. 327.
- ↑ On January 16, 1928, Mildenstein held the funeral service for Bernhard Dräger in the Marienkirche . (Dräger review 394, p. 2)
- ↑ They were later transferred to the Luther Church and additional bells were added. In 1941 all bells, except for the last one, were removed and melted down. The remaining bell hangs today in the Katharinenkirche.
- ↑ “You can always turn back”. Exhibition in Lübeck's Luther Church on the relationship between the Church and National Socialism. In: Neue Kirchenzeitung, May 10, 2015
- ^ From the competition concept by Werner Mally from February 24, 2014, Luther-Melanchthongemeinde community archive
- ↑ More information on the organ of the Luther Church ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ By naming the more than 260 names, the wish of the parishioners was taken into account.
- ↑ The memorial for the fallen of the Luther community. In: Vaterstädtische Blätter , year 1922/23, No. 1, edition of October 8, 1922, pp. 1–2.
- ↑ The memorial for the fallen of the Luther community. In: Von Lübeck's Towers , Volume 32, No. 19, Issue of September 23, 1922, pp. 74–75.
Web links
- Church district Lübeck: Luther Church
- Official website of the Luther Church Memorial. Retrieved June 25, 2015 .
- Youtube-Video: Lübeck Martyrs - Exhibition in the Luther Church. Retrieved June 25, 2015 .
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 '15.7 " N , 10 ° 39' 50.9" E