Bothmer Castle

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Bothmer Castle in Klütz: Front of the Corps de Logis
View of the main courtyard buildings, April 2008

The Bothmer Castle is located on the southern outskirts of nordwestmecklenburgischen town Klütz . The listed complex consisting of a multi-wing castle and a rectangular garden island forms the largest preserved baroque complex in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The Festonallee,   made of trellis-like trees, leading to the castle is a unique garden monument in Germany .

The castle was built according to English and Dutch models for the Imperial Count Hans Caspar von Bothmer, who was in the service of the English royal family, from 1726 to 1732 as the ancestral seat of his family. Together with numerous neighboring estates, it was owned by the Bothmer for over 200 years. After the Second World War , the property was expropriated and the castle was converted into a retirement home during the GDR era . After a private investor was unable to implement a planned usage concept, it became the property of the State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and came into the care of the State Palaces and Gardens in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Ministry of Finance. After a period of vacancy and decay, it was renovated; In May 2015 the castle museum was opened in the Corps de Logis .

historical overview

Prehistory of the castle

Ancestral coat of arms of the von Bothmer family

The builder of the castle was the noble family from the Lower Saxony Bothmer originating diplomat Hans Caspar von Bothmer . Bothmer, born in 1656, came from the lower landed gentry and was brought to the electoral court of Hanover in 1682, where he served as court squire of Sophie Dorothea von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . His diplomatic skills led to a steady rise at court, and he was entrusted with various diplomatic missions. In 1696 he was appointed imperial baron together with his brothers and father and in 1713 made imperial count . From 1711 Bothmer served as envoy of the House of Hanover in London , where he played a key role in the installation of George I as King of Great Britain in 1714 . Having risen to the higher nobility in this way, Bothmer pursued the intention of acquiring a larger complex of goods for the establishment of an ancestral home and to support his family. He received the financial means to do so, among other things, from King George, who granted the Imperial Count generous endowments in gratitude for the throne he had won .

Since Hans Caspar von Bothmer stayed mainly in London, his brother Friedrich Johann acquired land from 1721 on to build an estate. In the Klützer Winkel the Plessen family suffered from the consequences of the Great Northern War and an unfavorable economic situation; her possession was offered at a reasonable price. Soon the Bothmer family was able to gain additional land, this time through a marriage contract with the von Bülow family, who also lived there (see also: Arpshagen Castle ). The son of Friedrich Johann and nephew of Hans Caspar Bothmer, Hans Caspar Gottfried, was married to Christine Margarethe von Bülow, whereby with the death of her father, the chief stableman Hartwig von Bülow, in 1729 the Elmenhorst estate with the other lands of the Bülow belonged to the von Bothmer family came. This also included the church patronage over the neighboring Damshagen with the St. Thomas Church .

The family seat of the von Bothmer family

Buckingham House - the forerunner of today's Buckingham Palace - is considered one of Bothmer's role models

Bothmer Castle was built between 1726 and 1732 by the architect Johann Friedrich Künnecke in the midst of Bothmer's estates based on Dutch and English models. It was a completely new building; there was no previous building. The location was chosen for both aesthetic and practical reasons. The gently undulating hilly landscape offered an attractive setting for the palace complex, workers could be recruited from the neighboring Klütz and the two trading cities of Lübeck and Wismar were not far away. Hans Caspar von Bothmer died in London in 1732 and never saw the completed castle. Since his son died early, his nephew Hans Caspar Gottfried and his wife Christine Margarethe became the first residents of the castle. Bothmer served them and the following major rulers as a permanently inhabited family seat, with the imperial counts, some of whom had different offices, being represented by an estate inspector when they were absent.

Hans Caspar Gottfried Graf von Bothmer (1695–1765) was followed by Hans Caspar III, Graf von Bothmer (1727–1787), Hans Caspar Julius Victor, Graf von Bothmer (1764–1814) and then his brother Christian Ludwig, Graf von Bothmer (1773-1848). Count Christian Ludwig struggled with financial difficulties, which resulted in structural neglect of the palace. A visitor wrote in 1833 "the great Bothmer Castle [...] it looked very desolate" and "the grass between the pavement had grown foot high" .

The castle and the Mecklenburg property had already been converted into a Fideikommiss , i.e. an inalienable inheritance, at the instigation of Hans Caspar von Bothmer . With this, Bothmer should always pass to the oldest male heir of the family, who also received the title of Reich Count. However, this could lead to disputes in the absence of a male heir; this situation occurred under Count Christian Ludwig. The von Bothmer came into conflict with the Rantzau from neighboring Schleswig-Holstein when Kuno zu Rantzau-Breitenburg , who came from the Bothmer family on his mother's side , tried to enforce her maiden law on behalf of his wife Amalasuntha von Bothmer . Rantzau and his wife lived in the castle for a few years, during which there were repeated legal disputes and in 1851 even a riot in Arpshagen, at the beginning of 1852 the property was transferred to a male heir from another branch of the family: Felix Gottlob Graf von Bothmer ( 1804-1876). He came from an older sideline and had to go into debt for the legal enforcement of his law so that he had to go bankrupt after assuming the majority rule, the Fideikommiss placed under compulsory administration on the orders of the state authorities and Karl von Maltzahn , the first director of the Mecklenburg Patriotic Association was appointed as a bankruptcy administrator. Felix von Bothmer was followed in 1876 by his son Ludwig Georg Graf von Bothmer (1835–1894), his son Otto von Bothmer (1865–1918) and then, since he died without male offspring, Felix von Bothmer's nephew Alfred Graf von Bothmer (1859– 1934).

At the beginning of the 20th century, Bothmer and the associated goods still consisted of more than 7,800 hectares of land. However, major changes occurred during Count Alfred's time as a major. Triggered by the First World War , the property fell into a financial depression that was made worse by the aftermath of the Great Depression . The extensive castle library was auctioned in Hamburg in 1928, and the debt led to the sale of numerous goods. In 1934, Count Ludwig took over the reduced property as the last majorate.

World War II and post-war period

During the time of the old people's home, the castle was increasingly neglected. View into one of the Corps de Logis salons, 2008

From 1943 the side wings of the castle took in bombed out refugees, and the Wehrmacht used parts of the castle as storage space. The castle survived the actual acts of war without damage. Fearing the advancing Red Army , almost the entire Bothmer family fled on April 27, 1945, taking only a few possessions with them. A collection of silver objects buried in the garden before the escape came to light again during the restoration work in 2012. Bothmer was reached by the Western Allies on May 3rd . English troops set up a command post in the castle . Until June 1945 the family was still able to get pieces of their property from the partially looted castle, then West Mecklenburg was handed over to the Red Army on July 1st due to the resolutions of the Yalta Conference and the family was expropriated without compensation on July 25th. In September 1945 the castle was set up as a hospital for typhus and typhus patients. Hans Kaspar von Bothmer was the last von Bothmer to live in the castle. He died there of typhus in 1946 while working as a hospital helper.

In 1948 the castle was converted into a retirement home; in DDR -times it was the Feierabendheim Clara Zetkin . A vocational school was also housed there for a few years. Due to the misappropriation, the building was massively redesigned, especially on the inside, without considering the existing structure. Due to a lack of building maintenance, the castle began to fall into disrepair.

From the turning point to the present

The old people's home, in which up to 200 senior citizens lived at times, was closed in 1994 due to the dilapidated condition of the building and a new building was built in Klütz for the residents. In 1998 Bothmer was transferred to a private buyer for the symbolic price of one D-Mark each for the palace and the park, with the condition that the palace was to be renovated in accordance with historical monuments. In the period that followed, there were various legal disputes about the future use of the castle and the surrounding area. Among other things, the owner planned the establishment of a castle hotel and demanded the closure of a neighboring sports field. In addition, the previously freely accessible garden area was blocked. The non-implementation of the presented usage concept and progressive structural damage to the castle building ultimately led to the cancellation of the purchase contract. The castle went back into the ownership of the Northwest Mecklenburg district, the park to the city of Klütz.

On February 1, 2008, the castle was transferred free of charge to the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania as the new owner. This initially had an inventory made, financed by the German Foundation for Monument Protection , and planned a roof renovation as well as the removal of later installations. Various suggestions for the future use of the castle were developed. Then the main building (Corps de logis) was restored in accordance with the preservation order and prepared for use as a museum, while the side wings, which were largely destroyed inside, were intended for commercial uses such as restaurants, handicrafts or conference operations.

The renovation of the buildings and the park cost a total of 36.5 million euros. The redesign of the park, which transformed it back into an English landscape garden, was completed in 2012. After the work was completed, the castle was opened to the public on May 23, 2015 with a large festival. The exhibition in the castle museum now shows the building history of the property in 20 rooms of the Corps de Logis, tracing the life of the client Hans Caspar von Bothmer and his role as head of the German law firm at the English court of St James’s . The renovation of the west wing has not yet been completed. In the east wing there are conference rooms and a restaurant.

The castle as a film set

The castle has repeatedly served as a film set. So in 2001 the television film Sehnsucht nach Sandin with Christian Kahrmann and Alexandra Kamp was made there , and in an episode of the Bella Block series it was used as a fictional senior citizen residence. In the television drama Die Flucht with Maria Furtwängler as Lena Countess von Mahlenberg in the lead role, it represented an East Prussian estate.

The castle building

Overview of the castle complex, only the historical building stock is shown
RESPICE FINEM - HCG v. B.
"Remember the end" inscription in the gable of the Corps de Logis, supplemented by the initials of the first inhabitant of the castle 

Bothmer Castle was designed by Johann Friedrich Künnecke , it was the only major work of the architect, who presumably came from Hanover, alongside the predecessor of today's Ludwigslust Castle . Bothmer Castle is an extensive complex of thirteen individual structures that are combined to form a large overall complex. The center of the building is the Corps de Logis , which is connected to the almost cube-shaped cavalier houses via arched galleries, the so-called corniches . This creates a courtyard open to the southeast in front of the main building . The pavilions are followed by two seven-axis connecting houses, which are followed by other cavalier houses and each of which is joined by another connecting building and a final pavilion at right angles. Together they form another courtyard, almost 200 meters wide. The entire building complex is made of brick and the joints are colored reddish, so that the facades convey a uniformly colored image. Accents are set by hinted rustics made of yellow bricks and decorative details made of sandstone. The roofs were once covered in different colors, the corps de logis and the cavalier houses with dark gray, the connecting buildings with red pans.

Corps de Logis

Courtyard view of the Corps de Logis, April 2008

The corps de logis forms the center of the palace complex. It is a two-storey building with a hipped roof on a low basement base, the structure with eleven window axes is 43 meters wide and 14 meters deep. A three-axis, gabled central projectile protrudes from the center of the building on both the courtyard and the garden side, with an outside staircase leading to each of the portals. The central projection bears the Bothmer coat of arms and the client's motto in two banners. The so-called bat dormers replaced baroque window openings in the roof area in the early 19th century. On the north facade of the building, there is a damage caused by settlement, which occurred after 1900 due to an improper well drilling in the basement of the Corps de Logis. Although the well was filled in again, the building continued to sag, causing damage to the facade and the interior. An extension was built on the eastern narrow wall of the building in the second half of the 19th century, which accommodated sanitary rooms and thus met the desire for increased living comfort.

The floor plan corresponds entirely to the baroque spatial theory: in the middle of the house, emphasized on the outside by the risalits, are the central halls, to which the symmetrical apartments with their en filade -lined rooms adjoin. The interior layout of the building has largely been preserved. When construction was completed, the corps de logis was decorated in the Baroque style, which can still be seen in the stucco ceiling decorations, the chimney openings and the wall panels . The stucco work was probably carried out by the Italian plasterer Joseph Mogia and his workshop.

The ballroom is relatively well preserved to the present day, as it was in 2008

The Corps de Logis contained the living and state rooms of the count's family. The outside staircase facing the courtyard leads to a vestibule which is connected to the White Hall behind . The vestibule is adorned with stucco reliefs of the first inhabitant of the palace and his wife, the White Hall served as a garden salon and is connected to the park by a flight of steps to the north. A central staircase - quite common in the Baroque era - was dispensed with in the Corps de Logis, the large main staircase is to the right of the entrance hall. The most important and at the same time largest room in the building is the ballroom with dark paneling on the upper floor, which was also known as the ancestral hall due to the paintings previously presented there . As the most important hall of the castle, it took on representative tasks, but at the same time served to connect the apartments with one another due to its central location. The ancestral hall was relatively well preserved, the stucco ceiling was restored between 1996 and 1997. The so-called inlaid cabinet on the western side of the courtyard is considered to be outstanding in terms of craftsmanship . The earlier use of the living quarters of the Corps de Logis can no longer be determined precisely, as they served different purposes over the generations according to the needs of the residents. For more than two hundred years they served as salons, bedrooms, study and reception rooms and, as photos from the 19th and early 20th centuries show, they were extensively and comfortably furnished with furniture, paintings and art objects.

Wing structures

View of the eastern cavalier houses and the connecting buildings, as of April 2008

The corps de logis is framed on both sides by extensive, angular wing structures, which take up by far the largest area of ​​the southern area of ​​the castle island. The wing structures each consist of three approximately cube-shaped, two-storey pavilions, which are connected to each other at right angles by two connecting structures. The pavilion buildings have three-axis windows, the connecting wings seven-axis. Although the connecting structures are seven meters deep and have relatively little floor space, the courtyard, which is enclosed in a bracket-like manner and is almost 200 meters wide, is still generous in size.

The four pavilions that border the courtyard on the north side originally served as gentleman's houses , i.e. they contained living spaces for guests and family members. They served the purpose as residential buildings for over 200 years, whereby the function changed. The eastern pavilion, to the right of the Corps de Logis, served as a widow's residence when one of the majorate lords died, for example, and the western pavilion housed the rent master's and his secretary's workrooms after the turn of the 20th century , as well as the estate archive. The total of four connecting bars of the castle courtyard were not intended for residential purposes, but instead contained stables, barns and storage rooms as a commercial wing. The final pavilions, which are also referred to as head structures, served as a carriage shed and riding hall and differ from the other four pavilions with their lantern-like roof turrets and high portals. Assumptions that the riding arena once contained a palace chapel or was intended as such cannot be substantiated. Two servants' houses border the head buildings at the outer ends of the castle courtyard, which were once connected to the actual castle complex by brick portals.

Models and stylistic classification

One of the models of Bothmer Castle: Het Loo near Apeldoorn on an engraving from the 18th century

Bothmer Castle is mainly influenced by English and Dutch, less of French castle complexes. This is not only visible in the design of the structural forms, but can also be assumed in Hans Caspar von Bothmer's social position, which he tried to underline with a stylistic approach to the Hanover house . The large garden in Hanover-Herrenhausen , surrounded by a graft, forms a motif that can also be found in Bothmer and goes back to the Het Loo Castle , one of the most important models for the Mecklenburg Castle alongside the Huis de Voorst . Het Loo, built for the later English King Wilhelm III. , also served as a model for Nordkirchen Castle in Westphalia , whose floor plan and staggered structure also resemble Bothmer. From his London office in Downing Street , Hans Caspar Bothmer had direct eye contact with Buckingham House, the original building of today's Buckingham Palace , which is also named as one of the models for the Mecklenburg palace complex. With the exemplary English country palaces of Palladianism , Bothmer has, for example, the connection of the central building and pavilion through the quarter-circle gallery buildings.

Due to the size of the complex, Bothmer Castle has a clearly representative character, but its restrained design is nevertheless related to the manor houses of Mecklenburg and Schleswig-Holstein. This contrasts with the other large baroque palace complex in Mecklenburg, Ludwigslust Palace , which was built thirty years after Bothmer as a magnificent residential building. Bothmer was inspired by English and Dutch models, but at the same time also set an example in itself. It is assumed that the design of the Johannstorf Castle , which is a few kilometers away, goes back to Bothmer, as does the neighboring Groß Schwansee manor house . The staggered structure of Bothmer Castle was also reflected in the hunting lodge in Klenow, also built by Künnecke, the predecessor of Ludwigslust Castle. The Schwerin dukes later built similar buildings with the hunting castles Friedrichsmoor and Friedrichsthal .

Building interventions in the post-war period

A look through the enfilade of the Corps de Logis reveals damage caused by settlement in the door frames, defective floors and peeling paint. State 2008

In the post-war period , numerous changes were made to the structure of the building both outside and inside. The rooms had already been largely looted when they were used as a military hospital and the remains of the facility had been kidnapped. In the 1950s, the ovens in the castle were expanded, but the building received central heating in the 1960s, which was relocated largely without regard to the interior furnishings. The boiler house for the heating system was housed in the front building of the former carriage shed, with a brick chimney attached to the outer facade. To the west of the Corps de Logis, a transformer and a wash house were built, which took away the symmetrical structure of the garden facade. Due to damage, the roofs of the castle had to be partially re-covered, although - due to the lack of suitable building material - the historical division into dark pans on the residential buildings and light pans on the commercial buildings could not be maintained throughout.

In order to create space for the residents of the old people's home, two of the single-storey connecting buildings were given an additional floor through inserted false ceilings, and the high windows were divided. The former economic areas were completely destroyed. The eastern connection house and the riding arena took on the care station of the home, which also required a complete renovation. In addition, washing facilities were installed in some of the salons in the main building, which led to moisture damage to the paneling. The walls of the interiors were wallpapered over several times, door frames and chimneys were painted with oil paint and the floorboards were covered with linoleum, which in part resulted in the formation of mold. Structural damage from the time of the old people's home was mostly only repaired temporarily, so that in 1994 the castle was in dire need of renovation. Further deterioration took place in the next ten years of the vacancy, although the roof structure of the Corps de Logis was freed from dry rot and the ceiling of the ballroom restored in an initial security measure from 1996 to 1997 . Despite the decade-long neglect of the building, numerous details of the baroque furnishings have been preserved.

Surroundings

The castle island and the garden

View across the graft to the riding hall and servants' house in the eastern corner of the castle island

The castle stands on a rectangular island, which is surrounded by a graft based on the Dutch model . The moat was not only for aesthetic reasons, as the castle grounds are located in a lowland zone and the graft was used to drain the damp area. The excavation was also needed to fill in and level the island area. The island is 345 meters long and 205 meters wide. At the level of the main courtyard, the trenches are a little narrower, so that the island is 220 meters wide. The total area of ​​the castle island is a good 7 hectares, of which the castle and main courtyard occupy roughly the southern quarter. The outskirts of the island, like the outer banks of the Graft, were originally divided by avenues of lime trees, some of which were felled for firewood over the centuries, especially after the Second World War. The nursery responsible for the park area was located south of the castle island. An orchard was also planted there, the main features of which still exist.

View through the landscaped garden to the north facade of the Corps de Logis

The palace garden was laid out at the same time as the palace, but its original appearance is not known. Only a few and contradicting sketches exist from the 18th century, and it is not certain whether they represent a planned design or implementation. The garden will have been designed as a typical baroque garden with Dutch influences. The plans make a three-part structure with two outer broderie parterres and a central lawn or water parterre in front of the Corps de Logis seem just as possible as a garden area similar to today's structure, in which lateral boscocks framed a central parterre with a semicircular end. Some of the plants were acquired in 1731 when the Sierhagen estate in Schleswig-Holstein went bankrupt . The garden had lines of sight to the natural hilly surroundings as an anticipation of the garden theory of the second half of the 18th century. The palace garden was converted into a landscape garden in the course of the 19th century, whereby its basic structure, divided by avenues, was largely retained. At that time, a kidney-shaped pond was set in the middle of the parterre , and exotic solitary trees as well as rhododendrons and groups of azaleas were planted.

Many of the avenue trees were felled in the winter of 1945/1946 and processed into firewood. A half-timbered house in the eastern palace garden served as a cold store for the deceased during the hospital era, and has been called the White Corpse by the local population ever since . The remains of the former orangery were demolished after 1950 and the former ice cellar was filled in. After the castle was redesigned into a retirement home, the garden was intended to be used for recreation for the residents. From 1969 new plantings for the trees felled after the war were carried out. Since Dutch linden trees were not available in sufficient numbers, the avenues were also afforested with other types of linden trees. From 1973, Klützer Bürger took care of the maintenance and design of the palace gardens. During this time, the ring-shaped pond was created in place of the previous pond, numerous flowering plants such as cowslips and anemones were sown and a café was set up in the white corpse , which was part of a bowling alley in the 19th century. After a period of neglect, the garden has been horticultural again since it was taken over by the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in 2006. The tea house is currently closed, and an open-air stage in the northern garden area serves as the venue for the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Festival . In 2009 the palace garden was one of the external locations of the Federal Garden Show .

The Vorwerk, the Festonallee and the funerary chapels

View through Festonallee to the main building of the castle

To the south of the castle is the former outwork of the castle called Hofzumfelde , which once served to supply the castle residents ⊙ . It is connected to the castle by a 270 meter long festoon avenue made of Dutch lime trees , which is unique in Germany. For their design, the young trees were split in half, so that two main branches grew out of them. These were then trimmed and bent to the side as they grew. Over the years, a natural garland could be created from the rows of trees . The process took several decades and the avenue requires intensive maintenance; the trees have to be cut back every three years. The avenue is about seven meters wide and formerly consisted of 72 trees, 69 of which are still preserved. It leads effectively as a ravine over a hilltop, from the highest point of which the Corps de Logis can be seen. The top of the hill is on the level of the upper floor and an optical gimmick enables the view from here through the ballroom to the opposite side of the depression.

To the east of the castle island, an avenue of lime trees, today's main driveway to the castle, leads in the direction of the Klützer cemetery. The Bothmer family chapel, a building from the mid-19th century, was located here until the 1960s. Remains of the chapel are embedded in the cemetery portal. An older burial chapel, the so-called mausoleum , is located in Klütz city center near the Marienkirche . It was built in the second half of the 18th century in a style adapted to the castle and served as the family burial place until 1938, when it was sold to the town of Klütz and has been used as a mourning hall ever since. The Bothmer sarcophagi were reburied in the cemetery chapel.

literature

  • Carsten Neumann: The house Bothmer in Klütz. An English-Dutch manor in Mecklenburg. In: Marcus Köhler, Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn (Eds.): Hanover and England - a garden and personal union? (= CGL Studies. Volume 25). Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft München, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-95477-081-6 , pp. 151–167.
  • Carsten Neumann: The Bothmer mansion in Klütz. An English-Dutch country seat in Mecklenburg. In: Kilian Heck, Sabine Bock, Jana Olschewski (eds.): Castles and mansions of the Baltic Sea region. Building blocks of a European cultural landscape. Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2017, ISBN 978-3-944033-24-2 , pp. 359-386.
  • Friederike Drinkuth, Silke Kreibich: Bothmer Castle. Official castle guide. ed. from the State Palaces and Gardens of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schwerin 2016, ISBN 978-3-00-053567-3 .
  • Geert Grigoleit, Carsten Neumann: Bothmer Castle in Klütz. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-02425-0 .
  • Silke Kreibich: Hans Caspar von Bothmer. In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Volume 7, Rostock 2013, pp. 41–45.
  • Hubertus Graf von Bothmer: Bothmer Castle - The Counts of Bothmer in Mecklenburg. In: Bruno J. Sobotka (Ed.): Castles, palaces, manor houses in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-8062-1084-5 , pp. 85-88.
  • Adolf Schaumann:  Bothmer, Johann Kaspar von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 197-199.
  • Georg Schnath:  Bothmer, Johann Kaspar Reichsgraf von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 488 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Frank Burmeister, Christine Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg. Origin, change and vision. 1st edition. Nordwest-Media, Grevesmühlen 2006, ISBN 3-937431-31-4 .
  • Carsten Neumann: Thoughts on the original room allocation in the Bothmer mansion in Klütz. In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 6, Schwerin 2011, ISBN 978-3-935770-34-7 , pp. 49-66.
  • Carsten Neumann: Bothmer Castle. (= The historical place. 30). Kai Homilius Verlag , Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-931121-29-1 .
  • Carsten Neumann, Geert Grigoleit: Bothmer Klütz Castle. Largest baroque palace complex in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, built 1726–1732. 2nd Edition. Nordwest-Media, Grevesmühlen 2006, ISBN 3-937431-33-0 .
  • Carsten Neumann: The work of the architect Johann Friedrich Künnecke in Mecklenburg. Master's thesis University of Greifswald, Greifswald 1996.
  • Peter Nöldechen: The Counts Bothmer, enlightened nobility in Mecklenburg. Callidus-Verlag, Wismar 2014, ISBN 978-3-940677-13-6 .
  • Peter Nöldechen: Bothmer Castle, a cultural asset in Mecklenburg opens up. Callidus-Verlag, Wismar 2015, ISBN 978-3-940677-15-0 .
  • Dorian Rätzke: Bothmer Castle - Legends and Truths. 2nd updated edition. Boltenhagen Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-937723-21-1 .
  • Barbara Rinn: Klütz, Palais Bothmer. In: Italian plasterers between the Elbe and the Baltic Sea. Stucco decoration of the late baroque in Northern Germany and Denmark. Ludwig, Kiel 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-4-X , pp. 183-189.
  • Mecklenburg Castle Library of Count Bothmer-Bothmer. Catalog 17 from 1928. Auction in Hamburg; Walter Christiansen & Co. Buch- und Kunstantiquariat, Hamburg 1928.

Web links

Commons : Bothmer Castle  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The castle in Klützer Winkel. to: schloss-bothmer.info , accessed April 2, 2009.
  2. ↑ a b c The Festonallee . on: mv-schloesser.de
  3. ^ A b F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 31.
  4. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 32.
  5. ^ A b c d F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 38.
  6. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin . The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. II. Volume. Schwerin 1898, p. 358 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive [accessed July 23, 2015]).
  7. ↑ St. Thomas Church Damshagen Church leader of the Damshagen community (pdf)
  8. ^ A b F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, pp. 116-129.
  9. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 130.
  10. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 116.
  11. ^ Annals of German and Foreign Criminal Law Care 72, 1855, pp. 259 ff.
  12. ^ Government Gazette for Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1852, p. 86.
  13. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 119.
  14. ^ Karl Eduard Vehse : History of the German courts since the Reformation. Volume 36, Hoffmann & Campe, Hamburg 1856, p. 186.
  15. ^ A b F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 142.
  16. ^ Schatz im Schlosspark Bothmer , article on www.faz.net from April 27, 2012 , accessed on May 20, 2012.
  17. ↑ Castle becomes an investment ruin. on: WELT online. March 6, 2007.
  18. ↑ New dispute over road tolls in Bothmer Castle Park. on: WELT online. April 28, 2004.
  19. ↑ Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania buys Bothmer Castle. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. July 25, 2007.
  20. ↑ Step forward for Bothmer Castle. Press release of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, May 23, 2008 ( Memento of October 8, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Permanent exhibition on the history of mansions. ( Memento from June 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) In: Märkischen Oderzeitung. June 15, 2011, accessed July 4, 2011.
  22. ↑ a b Focus on July 16, 2014 Baroque splendor in new splendor: Bothmer Castle renovated - Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania - FOCUS Online - News , accessed on February 27, 2015.
  23. ↑ Bothmer Castle at mv-schloesser.de , accessed on February 27, 2015.
  24. ↑ Hereinspaziert: reopened Bothmer Castle. NDR Radio MV online on May 23, 2015, accessed on June 22, 2015.
  25. ↑ Thousands of visitors to the opening of Bothmer Castle. Ostsee-Zeitung online from 23 May 2015, accessed on 22 June 2015.
  26. ↑ Aerial view of the palace complex
  27. ^ A b F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 190.
  28. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 87.
  29. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 148.
  30. ↑ a b Report of the state government of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania of December 23, 2008 on the future usage plans ( with map), Landtag printed matter 5/2127 (PDF)
  31. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 196.
  32. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, pp. 139, 141.
  33. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 123.
  34. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 54.
  35. ^ A b c F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 50.
  36. ↑ Künnecke, Joh. Friedr. In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 22 : Krügner – Leitch . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1928, p. 69 .
  37. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 24.
  38. ^ State Museum Schwerin (ed.), Heike Kramer: Schloss Ludwigslust. Schwerin 1997, p. 7.
  39. ↑ Too narrow for hotel guests - no usage concept for Bothmer Castle. In: Schweriner People's Newspaper. March 3, 2009, pdf
  40. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 147.
  41. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 40.
  42. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 112.
  43. ^ A b F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 78.
  44. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, pp. 140, 141.
  45. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 219.
  46. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, pp. 40, 41.
  47. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 156.
  48. ↑ the moat. to: schloss-bothmer.info , accessed April 1, 2009.
  49. ^ F. Burmeister, C. Mark: Bothmer Castle in Mecklenburg: Origin, Change and Vision. 2006, p. 159.
  50. ^ Festspiele Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: Klütz, Schloss Bothmer, Open Air
  51. ↑ buga-2009.de ( Memento from February 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  52. ^ Bothmer Castle: The former cemetery chapel
  53. ↑ Bothmer Castle: Klütz / Former Bothmer's Mausoleum

Coordinates: 53 ° 57 '33.6 "  N , 11 ° 9' 32.8"  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on April 8, 2009 .