Kalkhorst Castle

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Kalkhorst Castle in October 2013

The Schloss Kalkhorst is a mansion from the 19th century. It is located near Kalkhorst in the Klützer Winkel in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania .

history

The village and Gut Kalkhorst in Klützer Winkel was owned by the Knights von Both as early as 1304 as vassals of the Bishops of Ratzeburg . This year, the knights left seven and a half hooves to the Johanniskloster in Lübeck , subject to repurchase within ten years. The Boths only succeeded in redeeming them in 1563. Kalkhorst then remained in full possession of the von Both family until 1849, before it passed to the von Biel family as the legal successors of the Boths. The Kalkhorst village church owes some of its furnishings to donations from the Both family.

The master builder Conrad Wilhelm Hase and horticultural inspector Christian Schaumburg from Hanover advised the client Thomson von Biel on the choice of the building site on the Lenorenwald. The foundation stone for the new castle was laid in 1853 to the south-east of Kalkhorst, in this forest. The plans were implemented by the architect Schweiger. Construction work began on the outbuildings and the main building. The first completed part of the building was the east wing of the castle, into which Thomson von Biel moved immediately after completion. In 1859, the palace construction was interrupted for about four years due to a lack of financial means. Thomson von Biel brought back various impressions from his trip and made a model of the castle. In 1866, the interior of the castle became part of the work.

The lock

Kalkhorst Castle, 2013
Kalkhorst Castle, 2013
Kalkhorst Castle, 2013

The furniture came u. a. from Regensburg, Brussels and Italy. In the Venetian room of the castle (west wing - today's main house) the stucco ceiling was created in 1870. The room itself was designed by the Schwerin building officer Theodor Krüger . The wall paintings and coats of arms could also come from this year. Two years later, two of the castle's turrets were destroyed by a storm. In 1874 the palace balcony and the final completion of the construction work on the palace took place. Two years later, the interior was completed with an oven from Nuremberg. The poultry house and the wash house at the castle were built in 1878; A pigeon house in miniature castle design was built on the roof of the castle in 1884. Today's entrance terrace was built in 1887. Characteristic are the granite pillars and the Portuguese wall tiles. After a few decades in which fire, storms and influenza epidemics ravaged the place, in 1902 the fifty year old castle ownership of Thomson von Biel could be celebrated. The ice cellar was built a year later, and the outside of the stable shelter and the stairwell were clad. But shortly afterwards, on September 10, 1905, Thomson von Biel died. He was buried in the park chapel. The new owner of the estate was Röttger von Biel, a trainee lawyer who only rarely stayed in the castle due to his work. Only at the end of the First World War in 1918 did Röttger come permanently from Biel to Kalkhorst. Various repair work became necessary in the post-war years. It was not until 1928 that Mr. von Biel began to administer Kalkhorst himself. Catastrophic grain prices led to financial difficulties on the estate. In 1929 the castle received electric light. In autumn 1930 Kalkhorst's last noble owner, Röttger von Biel, died in a hunting accident. However, the circumstances of death were never fully clarified. The high indebtedness of the property leads to the assumption that Mr. von Biel put an end to his life himself.

The castle and the estate were placed under compulsory administration. The estate was auctioned in 1931. The new landowner was Arthur Vidal, who had central heating installed in some areas and various repairs carried out. Kalkhorst became the base of the NSDAP in 1933 . Due to health problems, the property was sold again.

Establishment of the VDA and the SS

The FVS foundation of the businessman Alfred Toepfer became the new owner. Alfred Töpfer left it open until his death whether the term "FVS" was dedicated to the Prussian reformer Freiherr vom Stein or to the poet and philosopher Friedrich von Schiller. In 1935 the castle was converted into a training and conference center at a relatively high cost and given the name Freiherr-vom-Stein-Haus . The Nuremberg architect Hans Münnichshöfer was commissioned with the renovation. The painter and graphic artist A. Paul Weber took on the artistic design of the castle and village. Then the Reichsführer-School I of the VDA , a facility of the Reich Main Security Office , was opened in the castle. It also served as a summer camp for the Hitler Youth and the BDM . At the site of the ice house, which was demolished at that time, a youth hostel with 21 beds was built in the log cabin style. From around 1939 to around 1943, various courses, conferences and training sessions took place in the Freiherr-vom-Stein-Haus, also with international training participants who were taught in Nazi subversion against their respective home countries. B. the Swiss Armin Mohler . From 1943 onwards, more and more refugees were taken into the house, school lessons were given and, in the last days of the war, refugees were given shelter. The Reichsfuhrer SS Heinrich Himmler was referred to the withdrawal from Berlin Schloss Kalkhorst 1945 quarter on the way to Government Doenitz to Schleswig-Holstein.

After 1945

In the course of the land reform, the Kalkhorst estate was expropriated in 1945 and given to the then Schönberg district. The castle with an adjacent region in 1945 as typhoid -Hospital, a year later than TBC used -Heilstätte. A reclining hall for lying cures for TB patients was added to the castle. The use of the castle as a TBC sanatorium, which existed until 1955, changed: The TBC sanatorium became a TBC sanatorium. From 1966 the Grevesmühlen District Hospital operated a psychiatric facility in the castle. Various extensions and outbuildings were built. The original ensemble character of the castle was increasingly lost. From July 1, 1991, the Diakonisches Werk im Kirchenkreis Wismar GmbH replaced the Grevesmühlen district hospital with the operation of the psychiatric facility in the castle.

It was not until 1995 that wall paintings were discovered in the palace dining room during renovation work. These were representations of various German coats of arms, which were probably created by Thomson von Biel in the 19th century, with every second coat of arms showing the imperial eagle. Banners made by A. Paul Weber can be found above the hall doors. A job creation measure by the employment office enabled the first clearing work in the palace gardens from 1996.

In 1999 the castle and its park were sold to Manfred Rohde. The castle was extensively repaired and rebuilt according to the new use. The second floor of the castle is being converted into an apartment for the owner's family, the former seminar and training rooms on the ground floor are used as a tax consultancy, and some rooms in the castle are set up as holiday rooms. Some rooms in the castle are used today for concerts, lectures, weddings and exhibitions. In 2015 Rohde sold the castle to Jacobus Koopmann.

Architectural style

According to the plans of the master builder Conrad Wilhelm Hase and the ideas of the client, the palace was built in the 19th century in the neo-Gothic style, which was significantly influenced by the north German brick Gothic and was based on an idealized image of the Middle Ages. The heyday of the Neo-Gothic was from 1830 to 1900. The castle is built in a block formation. There are no surface decorations by glazed stones. However, surface decorations can be seen through tracery. The window and door frames were formed with shaped stones. The rose window is also striking for the north German brick Gothic. T. with a rose aperture. Plaster friezes, arched friezes and tracery friezes are available throughout the building. The gables of the main building are designed in the form of pillar gables.

Architects

The first plans for the castle come from the master builder Conrad Wilhelm Hase . The plans made by Hase were implemented by the architect Schweiger and the Schwerin building officer Theodor Krüger . The extensive renovation work on the castle in 1935 into a training and conference center was under the direction of the Nuremberg architect Hans Münnichshöfer. The painter and graphic artist Andreas Paul Weber took on the artistic design of the palace . In 1935 he began with the artistic design of Kalkhorst Castle.

Castle park and its architect

Kalkhorst Castle, Park, 2013

In parallel to the work on the castle, construction work in the castle park, which was modeled on English landscape parks, took place. The work was under the direction of horticultural inspector Christian Schaumburg (1788–1868). He was the most important landscape gardener in the Kingdom of Hanover. Christian Schaumburg worked, among other things, on the redesign of the Hanoverian Wallmodengarten (later: Georgengarten ) into a landscape park based on the English model (from 1835 to 1841), as well as on the redesign of the Plöner Schlossgarten into an art and cultural landscape as well as on the landscaping and redesign of the Kieler Palace garden. In 1855 the rock complex at the flower garden was completed. The flower garden itself was created in 1867. In the same year a wall was built around the kitchen garden. In 1889 the chapel with the family crypt of the Biel family was built. Thomson von Biel took on the painterly design of the prayer room. Wall tiles used come from his travels to the Iberian Peninsula and the Middle East. In 1930 the German Dendrological Society went on an excursion through the palace gardens. The biodiversity of the castle park at that time was remarkable.

When the palace was converted into a training and conference center in 1935, the palace gardens were also repaired and redesigned. Garden architect Harry Maasz from Lübeck was responsible for the work on the green spaces . Maasz's plans were based on the idea of ​​the “People's Park of the Future” - the park as a recreational area close to the citizens in the form of a combination of public green spaces, social and collection rooms, swimming and gymnastics facilities and arbor colonies. He saw the park in connection with the surrounding landscape. From 1966 the park was more or less left to its own devices. It became increasingly wild. It was not until 1996/1997 that the park was tidied up and maintained. This included, among other things, the care of the trees and path improvements. The then gardener of the gardens of Bothmer Castle, Wolfgang Kaletta, was responsible for the measures . Special components of the garden were the typical lines of sight, a rock garden, a fruticetum, a lake and a remarkable arboretum . There are sequoias , Atlas cedar , ginkgo and various types of cypress and linden trees, Douglas firs , among other things , which help the palace park to achieve a significant wealth of species. Kalkhorst Castle Park was honored as the second most beautiful park in Germany on September 1, 2002 at the "GAFA" (international gardening trade fair) in Cologne, due in particular to its exceptional biodiversity. Extensive work to preserve the chapel in the castle park was carried out in 2003.

literature

  • Fritz Gottlob: Form theory of the North German brick Gothic. A contribution to neo-Gothic around 1900. 2nd, reviewed and considerably expanded edition, Baumgärtner, Leipzig 1907. ( as reprint : Ludwig, Kiel 1999.)
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898 ( reprint: Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 ), pp. 379-392.
  • Jan Zimmermann: Alfred Toepfer and the Kalkhorst estate. "Reichsfuhrer School I of the VDA". In: Mecklenburg landlords in the 20th century. Memories and biographies. Neuer Hochschulschriftenverlag, Rostock 2000, pp. 688–718.
  • Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang, Manfred Rohde: Kalkhorst Chronik. Obotriten-Verlag, Schwerin 2005.

Web links

Commons : Kalkhorst Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898 ( reprint: Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3-910179-06-1 ), p. 379 ff.
  2. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 68 ff.
  3. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 70 ff.
  4. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 76 ff.
  5. ↑ a b Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang u. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 80 ff.
  6. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 91 ff.
  7. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 116.
  8. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 121 ff.
  9. ^ Alfred Toepfer Foundation FVS
  10. ↑ a b Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang u. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 130 ff.
  11. ↑ Writings of the Society for Flensburg City History (ed.): Der Landkreis Flensburg 1867-1974. Part 1 , Flensburg 1981, page 119
  12. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 155 ff.
  13. ↑ a b Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang u. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 166 ff.
  14. ↑ Kalkhorst: Rural community with reference to many artists . In: Ostsee-Zeitung , December 21, 2016, accessed on July 29, 2020.
  15. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 179 ff.
  16. ↑ Kalkhorst Castle is sold. Lübecker Nachrichten of April 16, 2015, p. 14.
  17. ↑ a b Kalkhorst Castle Park
  18. ↑ www.hannover.de ( Memento from December 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ↑ www.historischegaerten.de (PDF; 360 kB)
  20. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 118.
  21. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 134.
  22. ↑ www.historischegaerten.de (PDF; 247 kB)
  23. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, p. 166.
  24. ↑ Carl Miguel Freiherr von Vogelsang a. Manfred Rohde Kalkhorst Chronik , Obotriten-Verlag, 2005, pp. 180–181.

Coordinates: 53 ° 57 '53.9 "  N , 11 ° 3' 34.2"  E