Theodor Kruger
Theodor Christian Friedrich Krüger (* 16th March 1818 in Schwerin ; † 27. September 1885 ) was a German architect of the Gothic Revival and state construction officer, Mr . The Paulskirche in Schwerin is one of his most important buildings .
biography
Theodor Krüger was the second son of the Dömitz- born military official and paymaster Bernhard Gottlieb Wilhelm Krüger (* 1773) and his wife Auguste Catarina Louise Krüger nee. Stocks (* 1786).
After attending school at Schwerin grammar school with a high school diploma, he began working as a Baueleve in 1835. From 1836 to 1839 he received an artistic training at the Vienna Art Academy and from 1839 at the Berlin Building Academy . From 1839 to 1841 he worked in the Hofbauverwaltung Schwerin and Doberan and was a. a. involved in the construction of the lodging houses in Heiligendamm , from June 26, 1841 he was an assistant in the rural building district of Plau. In March 1842 he passed the exams as a construction manager in Berlin . Back in Mecklenburg , he was appointed building manager on March 29, 1842 and initially worked in the Plau / Lübz area . From there he directed the extensive restoration of the Marienkirche in Röbel from 1848 to 1852 . This is where the long-term collaboration with Friedrich Lisch on monument preservation measures in Mecklenburg-Schwerin began, which Krüger realized during the restoration of numerous churches in the Müritz area. Subsequently, he was briefly verifiable in the construction office of the court architect Hermann Willebrand when building the palace in Schwerin . In 1853 he was transferred to the central building administration and in May he was appointed Grand Ducal Mecklenburg master builder.
From 1854, Krüger took over the building advice for the interior restoration of the Dobbertiner monastery church . For historic preservation also had support conservator of historical monuments Friedrich Lisch responsible. The neo-Gothic winged altar with the predella and the pulpit were made in 1857 according to Krüger's designs.
In October 1858, Kruger was sworn in as a real master builder , and in May 1859 he was appointed master builder and master builder of building district V (Schwerin) for the offices of Crivitz , Schwerin and Wismar . In 1865 he was appointed head of church construction in the country.
A larger project was the interior restoration of the Schelfkirche in Schwerin, which was carried out together with Friedrich Lisch from 1856 to 1858 . The baroque building erected by Jakob Reutz from 1708 to 1713 was in a desolate condition, the interior and the color scheme had to be completely renewed. The baroque interior design was greatly changed after the so-called Kolonata was demolished. Together with Friedrich Lisch, Krüger was also involved in the internal restoration of the Dobbertiner monastery church from 1855 to 1857 . I.a. he provided the drafts for the pulpit and the winged altar. From 1866 to 1869 he built a ladies' house on two floors in the monastery , today's House II.
Krüger achieved special recognition with the construction of the Schwerin St. Pauls Church , which is today the most important neo-Gothic church in Mecklenburg. It is an exception among Kruger’s buildings in several ways. It was a direct commission from the sovereign and was created with the conceptual assistance of the Oberkirchenrat President Theodor Kliefoth . Krüger had been working on the planning since 1860. In 1862 he traveled together with his construction manager Georg Daniel through the Mark Brandenburg and neighboring regions of Prussia . The drafts resulted in a unified, spiritual and architectural overall work. Numerous forms of North German brick architecture can be found in the rich detail design on the tower, the choir polygon and the portals. The success of the building from 1863 onwards also contributed not least to the high-ranking artists who Krüger used for the interior design, such as Carl Gottfried Pfannschmidt , Gustav Stever , Ernst Gillmeister , Friedrich Friese III and others. The consecration took place in 1869.
In January 1865 Kruger was in the structural engineering department of the Ministry of Finance Schwerin called and ordered for processing all church building matters. Responsibility for church construction is derived from the sovereignty of the sovereign until he renounced the throne in 1918. The church construction was administered in exercise of the state patronage law and the practical implementation was carried out until 1925. As head of the church building department, Krüger also shaped the neo-Gothic pointed arch style.
The redesign of the Schwerin Cathedral from 1866 to 1869 was also successful . Here Krüger had the demanding task of integrating the tombs of the grand ducal family into the cathedral. The Chapel of the Holy Blood was redesigned for this. Krüger included all the features, such as the Ladegast organ or the altarpiece, in his overall concept. The main altar, pulpit and stalls were also renewed. He tried to give the cathedral the effect of a medieval cathedral by high-quality repainting and furnishing. Krüger was involved in the restoration work in the Doberan monastery church from 1861. There he designed the stalls, the pulpit, the princely chair and the organ front.
In 1869, after completion of the construction of the Paulskirche in Schwerin, he was appointed building officer and, as a sign of appreciation for his completed restorations of the Schwerin Cathedral, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the House Order of the Wendish Crown . Until his death in 1885, he remained the head of Mecklenburg church building. In this role as a senior construction officer and as a practicing church builder , he has retained his place in Mecklenburg's architectural history. His buildings continue to shape the appearance of numerous Mecklenburg towns and villages to this day.
buildings
- 1842–1844: Goldberg town church
- 1843 Tudor style mansion in Charlottenthal (destroyed by fire in April 2016) :
- 1847–1848: Interior work on the town church in Lübz
- 1848–1849: Church in Plate
- 1849–1853: Restoration and steeple of St. Mary's Church in Röbel
- 1853 Hoppenrade manor :
- 1854–1856: Restoration of the St. Georgen Church in Waren (Müritz)
- 1853–1874: Construction management at Kalkhorst Castle according to plans by Conrad Wilhelm Hase (together with the architect Schweiger)
- 1854–1856: Village church in Wittenförden
- 1854–1857: Drafts and participation in the interior furnishings of the Dobbertin monastery church
- 1856–1858: Interior restoration of the shelf church in Schwerin
- 1857 Schwerin savings institution , Puschkinstrasse 2–4 at the corner of Lindenstrasse 1 :
- 1860 Doberan monastery church : Restoration work in the
- 1860 Neoclassical manor house in Harmshagen :
- 1860–1862: New construction of the Minzow village church
- 1860–1865: several buildings of the teachers' college and school for the blind in Neukloster
- 1861 village church Kirch Grubenhagen : Restoration of the
- 1861–1865: City church in Boizenburg
- 1862–1863: nave of the village church Kambs (Vorbeck)
- 1862–1863: tenant house in Mestlin
- 1863–1869: St. Paul's Church in Schwerin
- 1863 old Schwerin cemetery : Funeral chapel in the
- 1863–1869: Church in Satow
- 1866–1869: Damenhaus II in Dobbertin Monastery
- 1866–1871: Warnemünde Church
- 1866–1869: Neo-Gothic furnishings in Schwerin Cathedral
- 1866–1868: New Gothic building of the Passow village church
- 1868–1869: Church in Barnin
- 1869–1872: town church in Dömitz
- 1870 Körnerstraße 17 : Own house in Schwerin,
- 1870–1872: St. Nikolai town church in Grevesmühlen
- 1870–1872: Marienkirche in Gnoien
- 1872–1873: Serrahn village church
- 1874–1878: Collegiate Church in Warin
- 1872–1875: Banzkow village church
- 1877–1879: Marienkirche in Plau
- 1880 Alt Brenz : Neo-Gothic hall church in
- 1882–1885: Church in Vellahn
Literature and Sources
literature
- Gustav Wittstock: In memory of St. Paul's Church in Schwerin twenty-five years ago. Schwerin 1894.
- Karl Schmaltz : Church history of Mecklenburg. Vol. 3, Berlin 1952, p. 409.
- Kuno Schumacher: Study of historical church building in Mecklenburg in the 19th century. Dissertation, University of Greifswald 1981.
- Horst Ende : Restored and new. 100th anniversary of the death of the architect and builder Theodor Krüger. In: Norddeutscher Leuchtturm , No. 1693 of September 27, 1985.
- Gerhard Steiniger: Theodor Krüger, a Mecklenburg church architect. In: Builders from eight centuries. Schwerin 1998, ISBN 3-928820-88-5 , pp. 154-158.
- Ulrich Hermanns: Medieval church buildings in Mecklenburg in the 19th century. (= Contributions to Architecture and Monument Preservation in Mecklenburg , Vol. 2.) Schwerin 1996, ISBN 3-931185-15-X , pp. 142–144.
- Horst Ende: The architect of 30 new churches. On the 125th anniversary of Theodor Krüger's death on September 27th. In: Mecklenburgische & Pommersche Kirchenzeitung , No. 39 of September 26, 2010.
- Friedrich Preßler: State building administration in Mecklenburg. From construction department to construction management. Schwerin 2011 (unpublished).
- Horst Ende: Theodor Krüger . In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg . Volume 6. Rostock 2011, ISBN 978-3-7950-3750-5 , pp. 187-192.
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 2.22-10 Mecklenburg-Schwerin domain offices . Church building matters, constructions and repairs to the spiritual buildings.
- LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. No. 3235 Remodeling of the church in Dobbertin 1854 - 1857.
- LHAS 12.3-2 Ministry of Finance. Dept. Building Construction, No. 19. St. Paulskirche building files.
- LHAS 12.5-5 / 1 Ministry of Finance. Building administration, No. 72 Acta concerning the master builder Theodor Krüger.
- State Church Archive Schwerin
- Hand file Baurat Krüger1864-1884 with correspondence and reports on the Doberan monastery church and surrounding places. In addition, the building files of the churches he built or restored. In the plan collection approx. 200 sheets of drafts for church buildings and furnishing details.
- State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation Schwerin
- Collection of plans with presentation folder Church of St. Paul zu Schwerin, invented and carried out by T. Krüger from 1868.
Web links
- Literature about Theodor Krüger in the state bibliography MV
- Works by Theodor Krüger in the state bibliography MV
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Th. Krüger (2011)
- ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin No. 3235 Redesign of the church to Dobbertin 1854 - 1857.
- ^ Friedrich Preßler: State building administration in Mecklenburg. 2011, pp. 17-18.
- ^ Ulrich Hermanns: Goldberg, St. Marien. 1996, pp. 141-142.
- ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag 1862, 1863.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Kruger, Theodor |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Krüger, Theodor Christian Friedrich (full name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German neo-Gothic architect and construction clerk from Mecklenburg |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 16, 1818 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Schwerin |
DATE OF DEATH | September 27, 1885 |
Place of death | Schwerin |