Marienkirche (Gnoien)
The Marienkirche is a Protestant parish church in the historic town center of Gnoien in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The parish belongs to the Rostock provost in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany ( Northern Church ).
history
Gnoien was probably founded during the reign of Prince Nikolaus I von Werle († 1277) and was first mentioned in 1257. The construction of the church probably began around 1230/40 immediately after the town was founded. The church originally belonged to the diocese of Cammin , from which the nearby Dargun monastery was founded in the early 13th century , which formed the oldest Christian community in what was then Cirzipania . The oldest part of the church is the choir, to which the two-aisled hall church and then the tower, completed around 1445, were added to the west in the following centuries.
The patronage right of the church in Gnoien lay with the respective sovereign. The villages of Bobbin, Warbelow and Klein Nieköhr have belonged to the parish of Gnoien since ancient times. Moreover Gnoien and has long been the seat of a provost , the changing Superintendenturen shelter (today Güstrow) and were among the many in varying extents parishes around. The patronage right of the churches in the manors belonging to the provost lay with the respective landowners.
In Gnoien, the Reformation took place over a longer period of time, during which there were religious disputes in the city and hostility against various pastors. The first Protestant pastor in Gnoien was the preacher Valentin in 1532. Almost ten years later, Catholic acts still took place in the surrounding village churches. In 1546 there was a synod of preachers for Gnoien and the surrounding area. a. also included the order of worship.
The church was badly damaged in the Thirty Years War , after which extensive repairs were carried out. Among other things, the sturdy buttresses were built on the outer masonry at that time to support the desolate walls that were burdened by the pressure of the vaults. In 1739 and 1830 extensive repairs were made again, including a. carried out on the heavily weathered west side of the tower.
Until the 18th century, the town's cemetery was in the square around the church. In 1784 a new cemetery was laid out in front of the Rostocker Tor, after which the old cemetery was no longer occupied. After the last graves around the church had been leveled in 1818, the church square was given its present-day design by planting the linden trees that still exist today.
During the extensive renovation from 1877 to 1881 by Theodor Krüger , the church received its current neo-Gothic appearance, with the side chapels also being added to the north and south. On the occasion of this renovation, the historic St. Mary's altar was removed from the choir and placed in one of the side chapels. Instead, a neo-Gothic painting was procured for the main altar in the choir.
The church survived the two world wars unscathed except for the delivery of bells. In the period after the Second World War, masses were occasionally held in the church for the Catholic refugees and displaced persons who had come to Gnoien, before they were given their own parish hall. In 1958/59 the Marien Altar was renovated and placed in the choir again, and in 1961 the windows of the church were re-glazed. Towards the end of the 1960s, the roofs of the church were in a desolate condition, but the church was not initially included in the district building plan, so that for several years slabs of tower slate fell from the roof and you could only enter the church square at your own risk. It was not until 1978 that the church tower was refurbished and the nave re-covered with funds from the special building program for the preservation of churches, and two years later the side chapels and the choir received new roofs. In 1985 an electric bell was installed, in 1992 and 2005 heating facilities were created in the nave, so that it has been available for church services all year round since then.
description
The parish church of St. Marien is an early Gothic brick building , consisting of a choir, nave and tower. The exterior is richly decorated and articulated on all sides with screens, friezes and buttresses.
The rectangular brick choir with its two square yokes and two steep ribbed vaults was built in the middle to the end of the 13th century. The gable roof is lower than that of the nave. The choir windows are two-part on the side and three-part on the east gable. The choir opens to the nave through two ogival arcades .
The vault painting in the choir, which was created around 1300 and which was exposed and renewed around 1880, is remarkable. The eastern vaulted yoke shows Christ as Savior of the world, as well as Mary, Anna and John the Baptist. The western vaulted yoke shows biblical scenes: the birth of Jesus, the coronation of Mary, the Annunciation and the crucifixion scene.
The two-aisled nave dates from the 14th century. The Gothic hall church with its three bays is supported and structured by strong buttresses . A gable roof protects the building. The ribbed vaults are supported by octagonal pillars. The six three-part pointed arch windows have clover leaf friezes . A German ribbon decorates the walls as a frieze . The fixtures in the gallery disturb the impression of the otherwise harmonious Gothic church. The ogival portals on the north and south sides jump back and are decorated in the walls with round bars.
The square west tower from 1445 has a four-sided pyramid spire with a dormer for the clock bells. The tower measures around 56 meters to the tip of the weathercock. The trim on the upper floors emphasizes the horizontal. On the west side there is a pointed arch portal , which is divided by bulges and grooves.
As a result of the restorations in the second half of the 19th century, changes were made to the windows and decorative motifs. During the neo-Gothic redesign of the church in around 1880, the side extensions to the choir were also added. The vestibule on the north side of the choir has a staggered gable structured by blinds and a portal that is "crowned" with an eyelash . The sacristy on the south side of the choir also has a stepped gable.
Mary Altar
The late Gothic winged altar was built around 1510/20. In terms of style, it could be attributed to a Lübeck workshop. In the execution of the altar, especially in the design of the faces and the hairstyle of the figures represented, at least two masters can be distinguished. In the middle shrine is Mary in a halo with the boy in her arms, who was once flanked at her feet by two angels who were stolen decades ago. To the left and right of the center picture and in the two wings, a total of twelve reliefs depict scenes from the life of the Virgin . The top six pictures show, from left to right, the prayer for the childless couple Anna and Joachim, the birth of Mary, Mary on the 13 steps of the temple, the marriage of Mary with Joseph, the Annunciation and the Visitation of the Virgin . The lower six pictures show the birth of Jesus , the circumcision of Jesus, the adoration by the three wise men , Jesus in the temple, the flight into Egypt and the death of Mary. There are further small figures on the vertical struts between the individual relief fields.
The outside of the altar wings were once painted, but the paintings had become very damaged over time and were then removed during a restoration.
The Marien Altar stood in the choir of the church until the renovation in the 1880s. This took offense at the pre-Reformation work in the Protestant church and the altar was moved to the sacristy. Instead of the Marian altar, a neo-Gothic framed oil painting with a crucifixion scene was used as an altarpiece. The Marien Altar was extensively renovated in 1958/59. It was re-gilded and damaged parts of the figures were replaced. Then he was placed in the choir again. Since there were still concerns about the altar, the congregation placed a large wooden crucifix on the altar table, which largely covered the figure of Mary. This crucifix was later hung in the choir so that the entire altar could be seen.
Middle picture of the altar
Wing panel: Mary's death
Other equipment
The church organ is at least the third instrument in the history of the church and was built by the organ builder Friedrich Hermann Lütkemüller in 1859 as a replacement for an instrument built by David Baumann in 1737/38 . The organ has 24 registers on two manuals and a pedal . In 1892 Lütkemüller replaced the Flautino 2 'register with Gentle Aeoline 8' on the instructions of the organ auditor Maßmann . The original organ pipes had to be delivered during the First World War and were replaced by zinc pipes in 1925. Necessary maintenance on the instrument was not carried out for a long time. In 1994 the first emergency repairs were carried out to stop the further deterioration. After the intense heat and drought caused further damage to the instrument in the summer of 2003, the organ was extensively restored by the summer of 2004 with a substantial contribution from the ZEIT Foundation Ebelin and Gerd Bucerius , whereby the renovation of 1892 was also reversed and the original sound was restored were.
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- Coupling : manual coupling, pedal coupling
In addition to the pulpit from the 19th century that is used today, a pulpit from the late 16th century has been preserved in the basement of the tower, with the evangelists and Saint Salvator as portraits in niches. Two wooden figures, probably from the 14th century, depicting Christ and Mary, the Gothic baptismal font , which is said to come from Brudersdorf near Dargun , and a Gothic chalice from 1424 should also be mentioned. On the east wall of the nave is to the right of the choir arch the neo-Gothic altarpiece by Paul Haendler from 1881, which was in the choir until 1959.
Towards the end of the 19th century, five bronze bells were hung in the church tower, including two hour-bells in the characteristic dormer on the tower roof. In the two world wars, bells had to be delivered on various occasions and were later replaced by new purchases; from 1945 to 1959, an old kettle bottom was even used as a replacement for the clock bells delivered. The oldest bell preserved in the church dates from the 13th century and was cast by Albertus Anegod . The latest bells (for striking the hour and quarter of an hour) were donated in 2001.
Historic pulpit
Former altarpiece
literature
- Parish Council Gnoien: History and stories about the church tower , Gnoien 2004
- Parish Council Gnoien: The St. Marien Church in Gnoien and its history , Gnoien 2007
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments - Mecklenburg . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich and Berlin 1980.
- Marianne Mehling (Ed.): Knaurs Kulturführer Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . Droemer Knaur, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-426-26490-0 .
Web links
Coordinates: 53 ° 58 ′ 4.7 " N , 12 ° 42 ′ 33.4" E