Dargun Castle
| Dargun Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Model of the castle before it was largely destroyed in 1945 |
|
| location |
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania District of Mecklenburg Lake District |
| Coordinates: | 53 ° 53 '32 " N , 12 ° 51' 42" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
423 |
| founding year | 1172 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1552 |
| Mother monastery | Esrom Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Buckow Monastery (1260) |
That in the same city Dargun in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Mecklenburg County Lake District , in the former Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , located Schloss Dargun emerged from a Cistercian monastery, which after its reformation-related resolution at a castle in Renaissance style was rebuilt.
The main complex, consisting of the Renaissance castle and the brick Gothic monastery church, is only preserved as a secured ruin after a fire in the complex in 1945. The ensemble with its outbuildings such as the brewery and tea pavilion is listed as a historical monument. Music performances and exhibitions take place in the ruins of the monastery church and in the courtyard of the palace during the summer season. In the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte model park in Neubrandenburg there is a model of the castle that shows what it looked like before the fire. A sandstone fireplace from Dargun Castle found its place in the “New Year's Eve Gallery” of Schwerin Castle .
history
After Henry the Lion defeated the Slavs at the nearby Kummerower See in 1164, the castle or temple complex in Dargun was destroyed. In its place, the monastery was founded by Bishop Berno von Schwerin as the second Cistercian monastery in Mecklenburg in 1172 and settled with Danish Cistercians from Esrom and probably also with monks from the Doberan monastery founded in 1171 . However, because the Obotrite prince Pribislaw († 1178), Prince Casimir († 1182), Count Guncelin von Schwerin († 1185) and Bishop Berno († 1191) died within a few years , the eastern colonization of Western Pomerania came to a standstill. The turning point rose and briefly regained power. The monastery was destroyed and lay desolate for several years. In 1209 the attempt to repopulate failed, which was not successful until 1216 under the Camminer Bishop Sigwin again with monks from the Doberan Monastery.
In the course of the secularization of the monastery towards the middle of the 16th century, Duke Ulrich I of Mecklenburg-Güstrow took over the building complex in 1556. After the Duke's line of Güstrow was extinguished, the expanded castle fell to the Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , who expanded the complex in the early 17th century and rebuilt it after being destroyed in the Thirty Years' War under Duke Gustav Adolf (1633–1695). The castle was essentially retained in its late 17th century design and was initially the seat of Gustav Adolf's unmarried daughter Auguste (1674–1756), who received it as an apanage in 1720 , after whose death it was the seat of the Domanialamt and residence of princely officials . The castle was renovated in the late 19th century and continued to be used for administrative and residential purposes. In the last days of the war in 1945, after the Red Army marched in , the entire palace complex with the palace church (former monastery church, Protestant church) fell victim to arson by Soviet soldiers and was therefore in ruins. Safety and restoration measures have been taking place at the facility since 1991.
Buildings
Dargun Castle is a major part of Mecklenburg castle construction. It emerged from the complex of a monastery founded in 1172 as a subsidiary of Esrom Monastery, which was reoccupied by Doberan monks after its destruction in 1209 . After the secularization in 1552 it was expanded as a secondary residence of the ducal house of Mecklenburg-Güstrow .
The south wall of the north wing, which lies behind the arcades in front, is one of the oldest components. At the time of the monastery, the kitchen and utility rooms of the monastery were located here on the ground floor, and above that was the refectory or the dining room. The inner wall of the western front also dates from this period. There you can see traces of old pointed arch arcades.
The first renovations to a secular castle took place under Duke Ulrich in the 16th century, but the first thorough changes to the castle were made by the Calvinist-minded Duke Johann Albrecht II. He undoubtedly made the arcades, with the Tuscan order of columns on the ground floor and Ionic order in the Middle floor and with round wooden columns on the upper floor. The eastern part of the palace was completed before 1618, because the coat of arms of Duke Johann Albrecht and his wife Margaretha Elisabeth of Mecklenburg-Schwerin († 1616) can be seen on the risalit of the court . In 1618 he married Princess Elisabeth of Hessen-Kassel († 1625). The west wing must have been completed between 1618 and 1626, because on the risalit there are the coats of arms of the duke, his first and his second wife. The third time he married Eleonore Marie von Anhalt-Bernburg († 1657) in 1626 . Duke Johann Albrecht II himself died in 1636.
In 1637 the palace was ruthlessly devastated by the imperial troops of General Gallas . Duke Gustav Adolf was still a minor, so it remained in this state. During this time, the galleries in the west wing were also lost. After Gustav Adolf took office on May 2, 1654, a major construction phase began again for the castle. The west wing was brought into the shape that was preserved until 1945. The builder was Charles Philippe Dieussart , who also worked in Güstrow and for the manor house Rossewitz . He also changed the main facades of the north and south wings. On the inner tower in the northeast corner of the courtyard was a weather vane with the inscription GA1646. The south side of the castle was still being built in 1668. With Gustav Adolf's death, the line of the House of Güstrow died out in the male line, so that the castle passed into the possession of the Schwerin line of the Mecklenburgers. The castle has not been built since that time.
Only the decoration of the “White Hall” in the west wing, which Duke Gustav Adolf's daughter Auguste lived in in the first half of the 18th century , has been changed, as has the Minerva with the initials of Friedrich Franz I (FF 1787) on one Weather vane on the portal of the east wing.
The brewery, which is on the left in front of the entrance to the castle, is a commercial building from the time of the monastery, but the building was significantly smaller and lower at the time of the monastery, it was only increased in 1585 under Duke Ulrich, who owned the previous brewery during the Remodeling work on Dargun Castle was probably inhabited.
St. Marien Monastery Church
The monastery church goes back to the chapel that already existed when the monastery was founded in 1172 and was expanded in several construction phases in the 13th century to form a Gothic hall church made of brick. In 1241 the foundation stone was laid for a church building, of which the ruins of the western nave have been preserved today. In 1292 the choir was enlarged and the cloister was redesigned. The ambulatory and the south aisle date from 1464. The choir and transept have been preserved in a ruinous condition after the war damage. The nave was roofed over again in 2002/2003, its window openings were re-glazed in 2004 and the floor was restored according to the historical model in 2009. It has been used for cultural events ever since. The nave was acoustically upgraded in 2013/2014 with textile sound reflectors that simulate a vaulted ceiling.
The lock
From 1556 onwards, the monastery was converted into a four-winged castle over the next two hundred years. The wide fronts were emphasized with corner towers. In 1637 the castle burned down and was renovated until 1654. Until the middle of the 18th century the castle served as the widow's seat of the Mecklenburg-Güstrow line. It was later used as a residential and administrative center. The castle, which was rebuilt again in the 19th century under the direction of Georg Adolf Demmler, burned down completely in the first days of May 1945 at the end of the Second World War and fell into disrepair in the following years. Although it has been a listed building since 1979, the first parts have only been secured since 1991. In 1994, the gradual reconstruction began with the restoration of the central projection. This work has now been completed and the building houses an information office on the town and castle Dargun as well as the town library.
Castle Park
The castle park was laid out from the beginning of the 18th century. The castle was integrated into an axial system, of which the yellow gate and hedge walkways from the beginning of the 19th century are still preserved today. The yew trees in the 3.5 hectare park are almost 300 years old. The baroque tea pavilion in the castle park is used by the city of Dargun for civil weddings.
Guest house and gate
A local museum for Dargun is located in the monastery guest house, which has been preserved on the edge of the castle park. Next to it are the remains of the wall of the gate house.
External location of the IGA 2003 Rostock
During the International Garden Exhibition in Rostock in 2003 , the Dargun Palace Park was one of the IGA's external locations. In the course of the exhibition, the double flight of stairs to the palace garden and a hornbeam avenue were reconstructed.
The Abbots of Dargun Monastery
| Surname | Years |
|---|---|
| Hermann | 1176 |
| Ivan | before 1198 |
| Helembert | 1218-1219 |
| Thetmar | 1230-1232 |
| Heinrich I. | 1236-1239 |
| Nicholas I. | 1241-1244 |
| Henry II | 1245-1248 |
| Albert | 1249-1251 |
| Henry III. | 1253-1269 |
| John I. | 1271-1275 |
| Hermann II. | 1276 |
| John II | 1276-1277 |
| Hildeward of Thun | 1282-1290 |
| John III from Ertheneburg | 1291-1320 |
| John IV of Rostock | 1321-1336 |
| Gerhard I. | 1332 |
| Johannes V. Billerbeck from Rostock | 1336-1349 |
| Gerhard II. | 1349-1355 |
| Dietrich I. Wilde | 1358-1362 |
| ... from Attendorne | 1362-1367 |
| Hermann III. from Riga | 1367-1369 |
| Purer | 1370-1379 1381-1387 |
| Gregor of Rostock | 1379-1381 |
| Gottschalk Sasse from Rostock | 1387-1403 |
| Rothger | 1406-1412 |
| John VI | 1415-1423 |
| Bernhard | 1425-1446 |
| Otto Vieregge | 1449-1454 |
| John VII Depzow | 1456-1467 |
| Joachim | 1471 |
| Johannes VIII. Becker | 1475-1491 |
| Peter I. | 1493 |
| Dietrich II. Becker (Breker) | 1496-1514 |
| Henry IV. | 1515-1532 |
| Peter II | 1534-1535 |
| Henry V. | 1535-1538 |
| John IX | 1539-1549 |
| Jakob Baumann | 1549-1552 |
literature
- Hubertus Neuschäffer: Mecklenburg's castles and mansions . Husum 1990. ISBN 3-88042-534-5
- Christine Kratzke: The Cistercian monastery Dargun in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Studies on the history of architecture and art , Michael-Imhof-Verlag, Petersberg 2004. ISBN 3-935590-09-1 .
- Hansjürgen Brachmann , Elzbieta Foster, Christine Kratzke, Heike Reimann: The Cistercian monastery Dargun in the tribal area of the Zirzipans. An interdisciplinary contribution to research into medieval settlement processes in Germania Slavica . Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2003.
Web links
- Literature about Dargun Castle in the state bibliography MV
- Monastery and palace complex in the city of Dargun
- Views, panoramas and aerial photographs of Dargun Castle and Monastery , accessed on January 25, 2018
- Historical views of Dargun Castle and Monastery , accessed January 25, 2018
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joachim Schultz-Naumann: Mecklenburg 1945 . Ed .: Universitas Verlag. 1990, ISBN 3-8004-1215-2 , pp. 199 .
- ↑ "St. Marien Dargun Dargun Monastery Church" , in: Mecklenburg Lake District , accessed on September 6, 2019.
- ↑ "Dargun Monastery Church" , on: Ministry of Energy, Infrastructure and Digitization , accessed on September 6, 2019.