Gnoien

Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Rostock
Office :	Gnoien
Height :	21 m above sea level NHN
Area :	40.97 km 2
Residents:	2888 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	70 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	17179
Area code :	039971
License plate :	LRO, BÜZ, DBR, GÜ, ROS, TET
Community key :	13 0 72 035
; City administration address :	Markt 11 ; 17179 Gnoien
Website :	www.stadt-gnoien.de
Mayor :	Lars Schwarz ( CDU )
Location of the city of Gnoien in the Rostock district

Gnoien is a small town in the east of the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . It is the seat of the office of Gnoien , to which 5 municipalities belong. The place forms a basic center for its surroundings . Since 2017, Gnoien has had the addition "Warbelstadt" due to its geographical location.

geography

Geographical location

Gnoien lies within a loop of the Warbel , a small tributary of the Trebel between Rostock and Demmin . The environment is flat, individual hills barely reach 40 m above sea level. [Normal height zero | sea level]. The Peene rises immediately south of Gnoien . In the vicinity are the large stone graves of Schlutow - the oldest evidence of human settlement in the region still visible today.

City structure

Districts of the city of Gnoien are:

Dolitz
Eschenhörn
Gnoien
Crane yard
Warbelow

Neighboring communities

Gnoien is surrounded by the neighboring communities of Behren-Lübchin in the west, north and east, Finkenthal in the south-east, Altkalen in the south and Walkendorf in the south-west.

history

Surname

The place name could be derived from the Slavic word gnoy , which then means excrement , which is unflattering . Another interpretation based on the Germanic word Gneus , i.e. Herr (Herrenort), would be more pleasing, but not scientifically proven.

middle Ages

Marienkirche

Gnoien is mentioned (along with Waren , Bützow and some other settlements that cannot be reliably assigned) as early as 150 AD by the Alexandrian geographer Claudius Ptolemy (as "Coenoenum") and is therefore one of the first places in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to be mentioned in a document . 1257 is considered to be the year Gnoien was first mentioned in the Middle Ages, as well as 1276 as civitatenses and 1287 as oppidum , i.e. as a city. In the middle of the 14th century the place had its greatest importance. A castle in the northeast of the city is mentioned as early as 1331. The Gothic town church of St. Mary was built in the 13th and 14th centuries.

There were several craft guilds in the settlement, which was run as a town ; there was trade with Rostock , Schwerin , Wismar and other cities. The first bailiff - knight Otto von Drewitz - fortified Gnoien with ramparts, moats, walls (demolished in the 18th century) and two city gates (demolished in the 19th century). In 1344 the princes of Mecklenburg and those of Werle -Güstrow concluded an armistice in Gnoien. From 1361 to 1623 there was own money here (Gnoiener Witten), which was minted in the Gnoiener Münzwerkstatt from 1615 . A new town hall was built in the 16th century.

At the beginning of the 17th century, Gnoien became a state town in Mecklenburg and as such was one of the towns in the Wendish district that was represented in the Mecklenburg state parliaments of the states united in 1523 until 1918 .

From 1600

Gnoien 1761

Former Grand Ducal District Court, today the official building

The city was badly affected by the Thirty Years War , and in 1637 it was completely devastated. Their importance steadily declined. Times of plague and cholera had to be survived. Only 800 inhabitants settled the place around 1700, several city fires destroyed parts of the city. The fire of 1710 was the most devastating. There is an entry in the church register: The town of Gnoyen burned down on June 5, 1710 . Reconstruction took place only slowly and the country town was able to regain modest prosperity. In the Seven Years' War , too, Gnoien suffered considerable hardships through recruiting soldiers and delivering provisions for the Prussians . A positive development did not begin again until 1800.

From the middle of the 19th century, the hospital, district court (1879), schools (1844 and 1860) and the gas station were built. In 1884 Gnoien was connected to the railway network with a single-track line from Teterow , and in 1899 the town hall was completed.

Modern times

During the National Socialist era , the Jewish cemetery was desecrated and destroyed several times, although the last burial took place here in 1925. The area has been used for agriculture since the 1960s. Since 1970 a memorial place in the city cemetery with a memorial stone on Bobbiner Chaussee has been commemorating the six million victims of the Holocaust .

After the Second World War, agriculture continued to shape the face of the city and the surrounding area. The private company Foto Zorn in Gnoien developed into one of the most important photo laboratories in the north of the GDR, specializing in the development of color slides. After the political change, the historic city center with the town hall was fundamentally renovated from 1991 as part of urban development funding. In 2007 the city celebrated its 750th anniversary.

From 1952 to 2011 Gnoien belonged to the Teterow district (until 1990 in the GDR district of Neubrandenburg ). In 1994 the city was incorporated into the Güstrow district. Since the district reform in 2011 , it has been in the Rostock district .

History of the districts

Manor house Dölitz

Dölitz : Landowners were u. a. Eggert von Levezow (* 1423) and his family (until around 1634), then u. a. the families von Lehsten , briefly von Rochow , then again from Lehsten (until the beginning of the 19th century) then from Behr-Negendank, Kremer and Walter (until 1931). Hugo Walter's widow sold the property in 1931 to the Mecklenburgische Siedlungsgesellschaft, which relocated it. From the barns, stables and other outbuildings, 70 farms were created, the manor house became the Hotel Lindenpark. After 1945 it was used as a restaurant, consumption , kindergarten, cultural space and for residential purposes and has been empty since 1990.

In 1665, the baroque , two-storey listed manor house was built as a half-timbered building on medieval cellars. Many construction-time details are still preserved. Around 1720 the house was given brick, castle-like facades to the south and west. Around 1900 was Altan . The house is now privately inhabited. The house is open to registered visitors, there are guided tours and events. The community-owned, listed manor park is one of the few remaining baroque parks in Mecklenburg.

Kranichshof: Landowners were u. a. the families von Lehsten (until 1786), von Zastrow (until 1792), Kremer (until 1855), von Behr-Negendank (until 1906), and Walter (until 1930). In 1939 the estate was relocated for 61 settlers. The single-storey manor house still exists.

Warbelow was a manor village. Landowners were u. a. the families Count von Rittberg (18th century to 1878), Otto and Wildfang (around 1900 to 1945). The manor house dates from around 1913 and is only partially preserved after a fire in 1952.

Incorporations

Dölitz and Warbelow were incorporated into Gnoien on January 1, 1951.

Population development

year	Residents
1350	3360
1700	0800
1990	4177
1995	3750
2000	3523
2005	3257
2010	3029

year	Residents
2015	2972
2016	2911
2017	2928
2018	2880
2019	2888

Status: December 31 of the respective year

politics

town hall

City council

The municipal council of Gnoien consists of 12 members and the mayor. The 2019 local elections resulted in the following distribution of seats:

Party / group of voters	Seats
CDU	7th
Independent citizens of Gnoien (UGB)	4th
AfD	1

mayor

1979–1990: Wenzel Rieß (SED)
1990–1994: Hanne Lore Harder (CDU)
1994–2014: Hans-Georg Schörner (SPD)
since 2014: Lars Schwarz (CDU)

Schwarz was confirmed in office in the mayoral election on May 26, 2019 with 60.1% of the valid votes.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was established on April 10, 1858 by Friedrich Franz II , Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. It is registered under the number 118 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Blazon : “Split; in front, in blue, half a silver lily at the crack from which a silver clover grows; behind in gold a half-looking black bull's head at the crack with silver horns, golden crown and closed mouth. "

The coat of arms was redrawn in 1997 by the Schwerin heraldist Heinz Kippnick .

Partnerships

The partner municipality of Gnoien has been Wettringen in North Rhine-Westphalia since 1991 . Wettringen has around 8,000 inhabitants. Since 2009 there has also been a sponsorship with the anti-aircraft missile group 24 in the anti-aircraft missile squadron 1 .

Sights and culture

Buildings

City ensemble from the market square with the town hall via the Marienkirche to the former district court building and the watercourses surrounding the core
City parish church St. Marien as an early Gothic brick building from the 13th and 14th centuries, consisting of the two-aisled nave with three bays (14th century), the rectangular choir with two bays (13th century) and the square west tower from 1445. In the interior vault painting in the choir from around 1300, renewed in 1882, the late Gothic winged altar and the pulpit from 1596.
Neo-Renaissance town hall from 1899 based on designs by the master builder Eggers with the core of a previous baroque building and heraldic panels with inscription panels, renovated around 2000
Classical Grand Ducal District Court from 1877; Renovated in 1997, today the office building for the Gnoien office
Imperial Post from around 1900 in Langen Strasse.
Water tower, technical monument.
Watermill on the Warbel, today's four-wheel mill; proven since the city was founded. The building complex dates from 1855 and 1892 (steam mill). After the closure in 1991, the buildings remained unused.
Stand- Dutch mill from 1890
Horse rings on the sidewalk near the church

Culture

Warbel sports hall

Building of the Heimatstube and culture exchange

Kulturboerse family center with a small arthouse cinema as a regional representative and part of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania regional association for film communication with regular programs
library
Youth club of the workers' welfare
Heimatstube of the Heimatverein
St. Mary's Church (concerts)
Rathaussaal (literary events)
Café am Markt (exhibitions of visual artists)
Warbel sports hall (major cultural events)
House of clubs (events, exhibitions or meetings)

Cultural event highlights in the year are u. a. the Gnoiener Mühlenfest and the foundation festival of the volunteer fire brigade.

Former Grand Ducal Post
primary school
Row of houses in the city center
Monument 1914/18

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Former station building

Gnoien is located on the federal highway 110 from Rostock to Demmin and on the state roads L 23 between Bad Sülze and Teterow and L 201 to Neukalen . The closest motorway junctions are Ticino and Bad Sülze (both 11 km away) on the Baltic Sea motorway A 20 (Rostock - Uckermark triangle ).

The Teterow – Gnoien railway was shut down in 1997 after passenger traffic had ceased in 1996. The nearest train stations are in Teterow, Ticino and Demmin.

education

Johann Wolfgang v. Goethe School (primary school)
Warbel School (regional all-day school)
DRK day-care center with kindergarten, crèche and school after-school care center

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Ludwig von Rittberg (1797–1881), lawyer, born in Warbelow
Friedrich Heyser (1857–1921), painter
Ludwig Godewols (1870–1926), painter
Erich Wegner (1899–1980), painter
Curt Christian Helm (1900–1936), lawyer
Rudolf Schildmann (1902–1987), politician (NSDAP)
Herbert Wilk (1905–1977), actor
Horst Pietsch (1934–2019), politician (SED), 1971–1977 Lord Mayor of Schwerin
Christian Gienapp (* 1949), agricultural scientist, politician (CDU)
Elisabeth Grochtmann (* 1956), politician (CDU)
Bernd Olbricht (* 1956), canoeist
Wolf-Dieter Ringguth (* 1958), politician (CDU), 2002–2016 member of the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania state parliament
Siegfried Konieczny (1959–2019), politician (Die Linke)
Heidi Westphal (* 1959), rower

Personalities associated with Gnoien

Friedrich-Franz Wellingerhof (1917–1985), pastor in Gnoien

literature

Walter Hannemann: The coins of the city of Gnoien. Contributions to the coinage and history of Mecklenburg. Münzfreunde Minden, Minden 1976.
Wilhelm Heinrich Wiggers: History and documents of the city of Gnoyen. Gnoien 1855. ( books.google.com ).
750 years of Gnoien. A city celebrated. Kunsthaus Verlag, Boddin 2008.
Gnoien - people of a city. Kunsthaus Verlag, Boddin 2008.
Gnoien - Pictures of a City. A look back. Scheunen-Verlag, Kückenshagen 1998. ISBN 3-929370-80-8 .