Gelbensande

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 54 ° 12 '  N , 12 ° 18'  E
Basic data
State :	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
County :	Rostock
Office :	Rostock Heath
Height :	8 m above sea level NHN
Area :	34.05 km 2
Residents:	1753 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	51 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	18182
Area code :	038201
License plate :	LRO, BÜZ, DBR, GÜ, ROS, TET
Community key :	13 0 72 032
Office administration address:	Eichenallee 20 18182 Gelbensande
Website :	www.gelbensande.de
Mayor :	Manfred Labitzke
Location of the municipality of Gelbensande in the Rostock district

Gelbensande is a municipality in the Rostock district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The municipality is almost completely enclosed by the north-eastern heath of Mecklenburg, a forest area of around 12,000 hectares . Historically and partly also today, this forest determines the structures of the community. Wood processing companies are based here and the place is increasingly used for tourism.

Gelbensande is the seat of the Rostocker Heide office .

location

The community is located in the north of the Rostock district between Rostock and Ribnitz-Damgarten . It consists of the districts Gelbensande and Willershagen. In the west of the municipality, the Stromgraben is the border to the Rostock Heath , which is part of the Rostock urban area. In the north, only 1.2 kilometers from the Baltic Sea, the municipality borders the Graal-Müritz area , then the municipality border runs in a south-easterly direction past Klein Müritz, Neu Hirschburg and Altheide to the federal highway 105 . It then follows the Haubach, then swings west, runs about 1.5 kilometers south of the center of Willershagen and meets the city limits of Rostock again. The Stralsund – Rostock railway line and the 105 federal road cross the municipality between the districts of Gelbensande and Willershagen from southwest to northeast. 2150 hectares of the communal territory are forest. While Gelbensande is enclosed on three sides by the forest, the area close to Willershagen is defined by meadows and fields.

From south to north the Wallbach crosses the municipality, it flows through Willershagen, is crossed northeast of Gelbensande by the federal highway 105 and then flows north in the direction of Hirschburg . The entire wooded area of ​​the heather in the municipality is very flat with a height of two to five meters, the lowest point is north of Gelbensande at 1.8 meters above sea level. NN. The place Gelbensande is about 12 m above sea level. NN and rises towards the west (Meyer's house) to the municipal boundary at 16.3 m above sea level. NN. The highest point of the community is south of Willershagen at 17.1 m. ü. NN.

Neighboring communities are Graal-Müritz, Dierhagen , Ribnitz-Damgarten, Marlow , Blankenhagen , Rövershagen and the city of Rostock.

geology

The municipality is located in a heather landscape shaped by the last Ice Age. The area is a geologically very young landscape, the formation of which began at the end of the Vistula Ice Age around 12,000 years ago. The thawing inland ice lifted the land below and the depressions were filled with water, creating the predecessor of the later Baltic Sea, the Ancylus Sea . The large forms of the coasts in the southern part of the Baltic Sea were formed by the Littorina transgression about 7000 to 2500 years ago. About 5000 years ago the sea level reached its present level. Gelbensande itself has sandy soil. South of Gelbensande, the sander landscape changes into a slightly hilly young moraine landscape . The forest around Gelbensande is characterized by acidic sandy soils and moors. The humus layer is for the most part only a few centimeters thick, underneath is the characteristic yellow sand.

climate

Gelbensande has a north Mecklenburg coastal climate. The annual temperature averages 9.7 ° C, which is considerably higher compared to neighboring Rostock. Due to the coastal climate, the humidity is relatively high with an average of 79.6%. The wind reaches an annual average strength of 5 to 6. The rainfall is relatively low 600 mm per year.

flora

Typical forest floor in the Gelbensander forest

Beech, oak, pine and spruce are predominantly represented in the forest. The birch, which used to be an abundant tree species, was almost completely displaced during the years of intensive forest use. Smaller plants such as ferns, rare orchids and wild garlic can be found especially near the Wallbach . Various types of mushrooms that thrive on acidic soils can be found in abundance in the forests around Yellow Sands.

history

Finds on Gelbensander area show that this area was already settled in the younger Stone Age (2300–1800 BC). Various tools such as a flat ax, flint stones, a battle hammer and other objects from this period were found. Three barrows near Gelbensande date from the Bronze Age (1800 - 750 BC). During the Great Migration, the tribes left the area around Gelbensande. It was not until the 7th century that the areas were settled again. A tower hill from the 14th century to the east of the village has been preserved to this day .

Beginnings as a forester's farm

Former location of the
"House of Yellow Sand"

Even before the first written mentions, there is said to have been an estate in the area of ​​today's Gelbensande. In addition, there was originally a desolate place between Gelbensande and Altheide , the ruins of which were building material for the first buildings in Gelbensande. In the church visit protocol of the parish Volkenshagen from the year 1662, the Heidereiter Dittrich Koep is listed for the first time with his apartment "on the gehlen sande". This is the oldest mention of the place. The name of the place was given by the "Haus zum yellow sand" (a forestry yard), which was first mentioned in connection with the passage of the royal Danish army from Rostock to Ribnitz. It belonged to Heidereiter Hans Kühl, an overseer of the princely forests and the hunting lodge of the sovereigns, because the forests around Gelbensande were one of the hunting grounds of the Mecklenburg Princely House until the 20th century. Hans Kühl was Dittrich Koep's successor. The location of the building is still marked today by four large linden trees.

In 1704 Gelbensande was mentioned for the first time in today's writing. In the following centuries it consisted only of the forestry yard mentioned above, which underwent various extensions and modifications. Only a tar mill was built in 1750. Teerofenweg still reminds of this building today. Because of its insignificant size, the place survived the passage of Napoleon's troops almost unscathed.

The place was also mentioned between 1765 and 1789 in connection with the reconstruction of the St. Mary's Church in Ribnitz-Damgarten . It is reported that wood from the Gelbensander was used for the reconstruction .

Settlement, World War I and development until 1939

Former Forest Inspectorate, now a nursing home

Old house in Gelbensande

Gelbensande Church, built in 1925

Extensive settlement of the place did not take place until 1842. This is related to the construction of the Chaussee between Ribnitz and Rostock, today's Bundesstraße 105. In the following years, the first shops and houses were built along the Chaussee and on today's “Eichenallee” . The center of the village was built not far from the four linden trees and is still called Bleiche today. The name reminds us that the laundry was laid out here for bleaching.

With the implementation of the municipal code of 1869, the places should be given more self-government. Gelbensande also wanted to implement the project of its own community, which initially met with criticism from the Ministry of the Interior in Schwerin. Nevertheless, it was possible to form the community Gelbensande on July 1, 1873, the first chairman of which was forester E. Schulz. At that time Gelbensande consisted of the forester's yard, a forestry, seven Büdnereien and two farms. In the same period, 1872, when a severe storm flood occurred, the water of the Baltic Sea penetrated the river ditch to the limits of the town. Around 1874, the forest inspection building, the seat of the grand ducal hunting watchdog, was built in the immediate vicinity of the “House of the Yellow Sand”. At the same time, the old "House of the Yellow Sand" was torn down. Ten years later (1885) with the construction of the Gelbensande Castle as the summer residence of Friedrich Franz III. began. On June 1, 1889 Gelbensande got through the opening of the route of the Prussian State Railway of Stralsund a rail connection to Rostock. A station building in the Prussian style was built. In addition, a building with a waiting room for the Grand Duke and a post office was built next to it. The two station buildings still exist today.
In the First World War, eight inhabitants of the place fell.

When Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV had to give up his throne during the November Revolution and give up his seat in Schwerin, the Gelbensande hunting lodge became his residence until 1944.

In 1921 Gelbensande appeared in the alphabetical directory of the municipalities of the Rostock Office under number 46. After the municipality had received permission to create a cemetery in 1924, a church was also built in the cemetery west of the village in 1925.
In 1938 the new post office was completed.

Second World War, post-war period until 1947

During the Second World War , a satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp under the code name Robert was set up in Schwarzenpfost , about 2 km southwest of Gelbensande . The prisoners had to work in an outsourcing company in the Rostocker Heide for the Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke . These had relocated their production facilities to the surrounding area after the heavy bombing raids of 1942. There is evidence that four Polish internees were killed. Their graves were unknown for many years; there was only the assumption that they were buried on the edge of the cemetery. In 2004 this was confirmed by search excavations. Since then, a memorial in the cemetery commemorates the victims of forced labor. On April 30, 1945 the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were driven to Hohe Düne . Since Warnemünde was already occupied by the Red Army at this time , the guards in civilian clothes left.

When, shortly before the end of the war, on May 1, 1945, a train carrying war wounded lay down near Gelbensande, it was decided without further ado to use the hunting lodge as a hospital. This then housed around 750 people. The command was the doctor Hoffmann, who had headed a sanatorium in St. Petersburg for several years and therefore had a good knowledge of Russian. He had signs with the words “Epidemic Risk” in German and Russian put up on the lock. This, and probably also the castle with the tsar's coat of arms and decorations in the Russian style, prevented attacks by soldiers of the Red Army who reached Gelbensande on May 2, 1945.

In 1947, when the number of infectious diseases in the hospital was slowly declining, a pulmonary sanatorium for tuberculosis patients was established in the castle. At that time, the Forsthof was converted into a hospital and from 1972 into a nursing home.

GDR period from 1949 until the merger with Willershagen

Pastor Horst Gienke took over the Blankenhagen parish in 1953, which also included Gelbensande and Willershagen.
In 1955 the LPG Gute Hope was founded in Gelbensande .
In 1958 the communities Gelbensande and Willershagen merged.

Willershagen

First mentions and developments

Willershagen already existed as a Slavic place around 1000, but under a different name that is no longer known today. He was with the places Bentwisch and Kussewitz in the castle district of Kessin . After this was destroyed, the land went to the city of Rostock. The first verifiable mention of the place is in 1329 (other sources speak of 1258) in connection with the sale of the place Kassebohm to the Hanseatic City of Rostock. So Willershagen (at that time Willershaghen) is said to have belonged to the squire Gunther von Levetzow, who is also mentioned as the owner again in 1339. The place name Willershagen can be interpreted as "Hagen des Willert", whereby a Hag is an area enclosed by a hedge.

Development up to the Second World War

In 1379 the place was sold to the city of Rostock together with the neighboring Wulfshagen . So the residents now had to pay rent to the city of Rostock. During the Thirty Years War, the number of farmers in Willershagen fell from 15 to four. In the following years the city of Rostock increasingly lost its influence and in 1656 ceded the rights to the Willershagen site to the head of the Rostock St. Nikolai Church . In 1671 Willershagen was sold again, this time to the Knights and Landscapes of the Duchy of Mecklenburg , which Willershagen was then transferred to the Ribnitz Convent . The monastery served to care for the unmarried daughters of the patricians of the city of Rostock and some knights of the state of Mecklenburg until they died. The "Hof Willershagen" will be leased to various farmers in the coming centuries, and several farms will be built around the place.

During the war between Denmark and Sweden, Willershagen was sacked on March 12, 1678 by almost 1,000 Swedish soldiers. The damage is estimated at 565 guilders . Between 1700 and 1721, during the Great Northern War , troops again invade the Ribnitz office and demand food for their animals. Otherwise they threaten to occupy the village.

In 1730 and 1750 the city of Rostock attempted to acquire the place back, but the village initially remained with the monastery. Despite these defeats and in defiance of all opposition, the Hanseatic city persistently pursued a buyback. An agreement could not be reached until 1781, after long negotiations. In a comparison, some places, including Willershagen, fell back to the Hanseatic city of Rostock. Rostock paid 46,000 thalers to the monastery in Ribnitz for Willershagen and some other communities. The lease agreements between the farmers and the Ribnitz monastery continued to exist at first, and new agreements with the city of Rostock were not concluded until 1793.

The 1819 census named 229 people in Willershagen. In 1864 the city of Rostock procured the first fire engine, and there has been evidence of a fire brigade for Willershagen since 1865.

Due to the wave of emigration to the USA in 1866, the number of inhabitants decreased to 86. In 1887 the farmers had to give up large areas of arable land for the construction of the Rostock-Stralsund railway line. Seven residents of Willershagen were killed in the First World War. In 1920 new offices were created according to the principle of territoriality . Willershagen came to the Rostock office. The Willershagen farm remained in the possession of the Hanseatic City of Rostock, but was leased. The village received the right to local self-government. The school in Willershagen was attended by 86 children in 1920, 41 boys and 45 girls, 40 of whom came as “foreigners” from the neighboring village of Gelbensande. Lessons took place in just one classroom. The spatial situation did not change in the years to come, so that the room always remained much too small. There was also no electrical power available, although the power line passed the school building. A second classroom was not set up until 1929.

Old school building

In 1921 the community of Willershagen appeared under the number 160 in the alphabetical directory of the Rostock office. As a result of local self-government, the Hanseatic city of Rostock wanted to hand over the fire brigade and the school building to the community. Due to structural deficiencies, the municipality initially refused to take over the school building, and it was not until 1925 that the school building was taken over by the Hanseatic City of Rostock after a payment of 2000 Reichsmarks. After the dilapidated syringe house had to be demolished in 1924, there was no longer a functioning fire brigade in Willershagen. Under Adolf von Oertzen , efforts were made from 1929 to put together a new fire brigade, which was then founded on September 10, 1932 for Gelbensande and Willershagen.
From 1925 the deceased in the village were buried in the new cemetery in Gelbensande. Until then, the Willershäger used the cemetery in Blankenhagen.

In 1933, under pressure from the National Socialists, a so-called advanced training school was set up in Willershagen. Attended by just four students at the beginning, their number rose to thirty-nine by 1938.

In 1934 the rest of the Rostock land became the property of the state. In 1939 there were 265 people in Willershagen. At that time the community consisted of the former Willershagen estate, five hereditary farms , three cottagers , the school and a forestry department. The place had a total area of ​​578 hectares. In 1941 the municipality of Willershagen was forcibly merged with the municipality of Gelbensande, but in 1945 the two places separated again.

GDR period from 1949 until the merger with Gelbensande

After the end of the war, regular school operations in Willershagen were resumed on July 1, 1945. At this time, more than 550 people live in Willershagen, due to the refugees from the East. In the early 1950s there was a kindergarten for the first time in Willershagen. In 1953 the Agricultural Production Cooperative (LPG) "Vorwärts" was founded, which merged with LPG Gelbensande in 1956, with the result that some old farmers emigrate to Germany.

On September 11, 1958, the district council in Rostock passed the resolution to finally merge the communities Gelbensande and Willershagen.

Gelbensande / Willershagen community

GDR period from 1958 to 1990

Prefabricated buildings on the Heidering

kindergarten

In 1962, Gelbensande served as a film set for the film "The Bewitched Fishing Village" (director: Siegfried Hartmann ), and the train station in particular played a role.

Due to the hunting areas around Gelbensande, the place was also popular with the GDR authorities. Sun visited Walter Ulbricht to place the 1970th

Due to the location of Gelbensande, building is still possible to a limited extent, as the place is surrounded by forest on three sides. In the 1980s, however, a prefabricated housing estate with 15 buildings (575 apartments), originally planned for Rövershagen, was built east of the old village center . In addition, a small block of flats was built on Lindenweg for construction workers who were busy building the fertilizer plant in Poppendorf at the time. Therefore, the population of the small town rose sharply. In 1980 there were 768 people in the community of Gelbensande; the newly created living space had already increased to 2,416 in 1985. In 1980 the town was connected to the central water supply, which meant a further improvement in the infrastructure. Because of the strong population growth, the Waldemar Verner Polytechnic High School and a building combination with a crèche, kindergarten and after-school care center were built in 1983 . In 1985 all the apartment blocks were finished, and the hunting lodge was also used as living space from this time on.

1987/88 followed the construction of the restaurant (today Heidetreff) with school meals as well as the construction of the department store on the edge of the new building area. In 1989, the Holtrand housing estate with 30 houses was developed northwest of the village .

From 1989 to 2000

Demolition of a block of flats

School Demolition (2009)

Memorial stone for the village anniversary

After the fall of the Wall , as in many other East German communities, the number of inhabitants decreased; Prefabricated buildings were less and less in demand as living space. The vacancy rate could be reduced through cheap offers and renovation measures, as well as the demolition of a high-rise building. A conversion of the prefabricated buildings to age-appropriate apartments was in the meantime under discussion, but was not implemented. After the fall of the Wall, the construction workers 'dormitory housed an asylum seekers' home, which was attacked by skinheads on June 26, 1991, who also fired shots. The building has since been torn down and single-family houses have been built on the site. Other areas have also been converted into building land for single and multi-family houses over the years.

In 1991 the school was converted into a primary and secondary school, and because of the high number of students, two rooms in the kindergarten were even used as classrooms. The kindergarten was taken over by an association in 1992. The nursing home in the old forester's house was initially operated by the Rostock District Office, but was privatized a short time later. In the same year, Gelbensande became the official seat of the newly established “Amt Rostocker Heide”, at that time Gelbensande still belonged to the Rostock-Land district . This only changed with the district reform in 1994 and the re-establishment of the Bad Doberan district . In the course of the district reform in 2011 , this was incorporated into the newly formed Rostock district.

In 1994 the municipality of Gelbensande became the owner of the hunting lodge. Various concepts for continued use failed, and several investors dropped out again. Therefore, the community was initially forced to repair the building at its own expense. An exhibition was set up. The roof was reconstructed in the 2000s. It was not until 2009 that the castle was sold to a private investor.

In 1998 a new building with a registry office was built behind the official building. Weddings are held here and in the castle.

Since 2000

The largest sales point, the elementary school and the regional school were closed. In 1994 a planned industrial park south of Gelbensande was not realized. In order to counteract the dwindling population, the municipality has been paying every newborn child a welcome fee of 500 euros in the form of a voucher since 2001. In 2010 the amount of the welcome fee was reduced to 250 euros.

In 2009 the municipality of Gelbensande / Willershagen celebrated its village anniversary. The 360th anniversary of Gelbensand and the 750th anniversary of Willershagen were celebrated. On this occasion, in addition to numerous other activities, a memorial stone was unveiled at the village entrance, commemorative coins were minted and the village chronicle presented.

City council and mayor

Official building in Gelbensande - former school and children's home

View of the Eichenallee (Dorfstrasse)

The municipal council (including the mayor) consists of 13 members. The election to the municipal council on May 26, 2019 led to the following result:

Distribution of seats in the municipal council Seats FFW 5 Voting community Jagdschloss Gelbensande 3 Voting community citizen interests 3 Voting community sports club Grashoppers 1

Even after the local elections in 2019, the municipal council has 12 members (+ mayor).

The mayor of the community is Manfred Labitzke, who was elected with 65.05% of the vote. Deputy mayors are Felix Harrje (Jagdschloss voter group) and Rolf Reuter (citizen interests group).

coat of arms

The coat of arms was approved by the Ministry of the Interior on September 24, 1996 and registered under the number 113 of the coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Blazon : “Split; in front in gold at the crack a half-looking black bull's head with a wide open mouth, silver teeth, a knocked out red tongue, silver horns and torn neck fur, the edge of which is cut out in an arc, on the forehead a golden crown of princes, which shows prongs alternately decorated with leaf ornaments and pearls; behind in green an upright, left-turned golden stag pole. "

The coat of arms was designed by the Wismar heraldist Roland Bornschein based on an idea by Gelbensander Wilfried Steinmüller .

Incorporation and population development

From 1941, Willershagen belonged to the Gelbensande community. This decision was reversed in 1945. On September 11, 1958, the district council in Rostock passed the resolution to finally merge the communities Gelbensande and Willershagen.

year Residents 1925 252 1952 494 1962 816 1980 768 1985 2,416 1990 2,268 1992 2,317 1994 2,449	year Residents 1996 2,269 1998 2,252 2000 2.023 2002 1,867 2004 1,824 2006 1,783 2008 1,740 2018 1,709
Population development Gelbensande 1925–2006

Gelbensande and Willershagen each had between 200 and 300 inhabitants until the 1930s. This changed at the end of the Second World War when refugees came to Gelbensande, the population rose to almost 500. As part of the incorporation of Willerhagen, another 300 inhabitants were added. Until the completion of the prefabricated buildings in early 1982, this number remained almost unchanged, only to jump to over 2,400 people.

This number remained constant until the beginning of the 1990s and rose again slightly when ethnic repatriates from Romania came to Gelbensande, but they left the community again in early 1996. There has been a noticeable decline in population since 2000, which is continuing. The main factors for this are the general demographic development, lack of job opportunities, deteriorating supply structures, low attractiveness of prefabricated buildings as living space and hardly any suitable building land for single and multi-family houses.

Economy, transport and tourism

traffic

Regional train in Gelbensande station

Gelbensande is connected to the transport network thanks to its location between the cities of Rostock and Ribnitz-Damgarten. The federal road 105 leads directly through the village. In addition to this main road, there is the Hirschburger Landweg in the north , via which you can reach Hirschburg and Klockenhagen. A communal road leads south to Blankenhagen. In addition to the roads, Gelbensande is connected to a network of forest paths, so-called aisles . These are used in particular by cyclists and hikers, as almost every neighboring place can be easily reached via them. These routes are mostly closed to car traffic.

The place is on the railway line from Rostock to Stralsund and is served by regional express trains every two hours . At lunchtime, there are also two pairs of trains from Rostock to Ribnitz-Damgarten. Gelbensande has four bus stops, but is only served by line 131 in school traffic. The last regional bus route to Gelbensande was discontinued at the end of the 1990s.

Agriculture and Forestry

The Gelbensande district has always been the site of forestry due to its location . Before the fall of the Wall, there were larger wood processing companies, including a sawmill, a wood processing plant, and a large charcoal burner north of the village. Today only the sawmill has been preserved. The forest around Gelbensande is still a commercial forest today and, with a few exceptions, is managed. Especially after the fall of the Wall, there was a lot of silviculture, mainly to replace the monocultures with mixed forests .

The district of Willershagen was and is characterized by agriculture, there are some larger farms here. Most of the farms are still in use.

Business and tourism

Small group of shops in Birkenweg

There are small and medium-sized companies in Gelbensande. The largest employers are the “Charlottenhof” nursing home, which employs most of the people with around 120 employees, and an electrical company. There are wood processing companies, small sanitation companies and small businesses for basic services in the community. A small food market was set up after the large outlet closed. As of October 15, 2015, 104 businesses were registered in Gelbensande. In contrast to many neighboring communities, Gelbensande does not have any commercial areas .

It was already known earlier that the climate in this area is beneficial for health. The connection between forest and sea air was a decisive factor in the fact that the Gelbensande hunting lodge was built here. This fact also led to the establishment of the TBC sanatorium. Nevertheless, for a long time tourism only played a subordinate role. One reason for this was that the neighboring Rostock Heath could only be used for tourism to a limited extent for a long time, as large parts of it were a restricted military area. This only changed in the late 1990s. → See also main article: Rostocker Heide

For some years now, the range of events has been growing, especially due to the hunting lodge.

The proximity to the Baltic Sea and the extensive forest and meadows offer recreational opportunities. The place is especially interesting for hikers and cyclists, it can be reached by public transport and offers numerous cycling and hiking trails through the Rostock Heath. In 2008 a circular bike path was built between Gelbensande and Graal-Müritz. Another cycle path is to be created between Gelbensande and Rövershagen. However, there are currently still problems with the implementation. The range of holiday apartments has continued to grow since the mid-1990s.

In the past few years, the holiday home area “Coastal Forest” has been built on the site of a former NVA barracks in the direct vicinity of Graal-Müritz. Although in the immediate vicinity of Graal-Müritz, this settlement belongs to the Gelbensander municipality.

Education, culture and social issues

Regional school Gelbensande (building has since been demolished. Photo of the demolition )

In Gelbensande there is a day-care center run by a private provider. The primary school was closed in 2002 due to the low number of pupils, and since then the pupils have been going to Blankenhagen. The regional school was also closed at the end of the 2007/2008 school year after a new building had been built in Rövershagen. This caused criticism as the Gelbensander school has been completely renovated in recent years. The school's inventory was donated to schools in Latvia and Lithuania because it had previously been refused to give it to surrounding schools. After no solution for a further use of the building could be found (it was being used as an official residence), demolition began in May 2009. At the same time, a new multi-generation house is to be built, in which the kindergarten and the “Heidetreff” will also be housed. Once a week a mobile library, a “book bus”, drives to the place.

social commitment

The cultural and social center of the place is the "Heidetreff", it is located in a former restaurant building and is operated by the people's solidarity . Various cultural activities such as ceramics, language lessons and handicrafts are offered here. Another important task taken on by the Heidetreff is the integration of ethnic German repatriates into social life in Germany. The focus is on advice, orientation and life support for newly immigrated families. In 2009 this affected around 100 people from 46 families.

health care

Health care is provided by two doctors and a dentist. There is a psychiatric nursing home in Gelbensande which mainly looks after the mentally handicapped and the elderly. The nursing home was enlarged with an extension in 2015. This opened at the beginning of 2016 and offers space for a further 21 beds. In 2009 121 people can be looked after.

fire Department

Gelbensande volunteer fire department

There is a police station in Gelbensande and the volunteer fire brigade building is also here . In addition to the Heidetreff, the fire department plays an important role in the community's social life. In addition to fighting fires, the fire brigade is also involved in many other matters in the community. The fire brigade is involved in the organization of regular folk festivals, bonfires and other events and is active as a parliamentary group in the local council. The fire brigade building is to be replaced by a new one in the following years. The groundbreaking ceremony for the new fire station took place in May 2010 .

Regular events

Bleiche, a place for folk festivals

Once a year there is a village festival in Gelbensande. On public holidays, such as October 3rd, the citizens meet around the regular campfire. The Förderverein Jagdschloss Gelbensande eV organizes other events, such as the Christmas market during Advent, Sorbian egg art at Easter and other cultural events such as readings and concerts.

Every year, several musical events take place in the hunting lodge, mainly classical works are performed. In Gelbensande there is a choir with forty members, which was founded in October 1990. Performances take place regularly at events in the surrounding area.

Sports

Gym

Sports clubs have existed in Gelbensande and Willershagen since 1924. The oldest is the Willershagen Riding Club, founded in 1924 . In 1953 the company sports association BSG Medizin became the organizer of popular sports.

After 1990 the association “Gelbensander Grashopper eV” got involved in popular sport. A variety of traditional sports such as soccer, volleyball, judo and table tennis are offered, but there are also special offers for children and older people.

A communal sports field and a sports hall, which opened on October 26, 2002, are available to athletes. This replaced an old building that was later demolished. The sports equipment from the old hall was donated to the Pushkin School in Liepāja .

Attractions

→ Main articles : Gelbensande hunting lodge  and list of architectural monuments in Gelbensande

Gelbensande forest inspection

Forest and Grenzhaus Meyer's house

The most famous building is the Gelbensande hunting lodge, designed as the summer residence of the Mecklenburg Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. and his wife Anastasia Mikhailovna Romanova . It served as a hunting lodge from 1887. With the end of the monarchy, it came under the municipality. After the fall of the Wall, it was renovated and sold in 2009.

The building of today's nursing home, which was commissioned in 1874, is almost ten years older than the hunting lodge, which was completed in 1885. The former Forest Inspectorate and seat of the Grand Ducal Hunting Supervision was the successor to the forester's yard "Haus zum Gelb Sande", which had existed here since the 17th century.

1 km north of Gelbensande in the forest is the former forester's house and border house Meyer's house directly on the border with the Gelbensander forest in Rostock. It was first mentioned in 1765 as the seat of the wood and turnpike keeper Meyer.

To the west of the village, already in the forest, is the small cemetery, which is just one hectare in size. The local church, which was built in 1925, is also located here.

The building plans were drawn by the Grand Ducal builder Warneck from Schwerin. Master carpenter Carl Willbrand directed the construction of the church. The church is simple, made of brick, with simple furnishings. A richly decorated chandelier that used to exist is now in the neighboring town of Blankenhagen . The organ of the Gehlsdorf organ builder Christian Börger is no longer functional. In 2008 the roof structure and bell tower were completely renovated. According to local reports, the old church bell, before it should have been melted down in World War II, was hidden by local residents the day before it was picked up. To date, however, it has not been found.

The old school building is in the center of Gelbensande. Built as a residential building in 1910, Lisbeth Cords and Katharina von Freier converted it into a children's home from 1925 onwards. In 1939 the property including the building was acquired by Günter Wagner, the owner of Pelikan AG at the time . The function of the children's home remained. After the Second World War, the building was initially the commandant's office , but from 1947 it was used again as a children's home. Later it was a school and residential building. In 1983 the property was expropriated and assigned to the Rostock district. The Rostocker Heide office has had its official seat here since 1992 .

The Cordssche Villa is at the northern end of the village . This building was built by the Rostock shipowner family Cords in the 1930s. In 1979 the villa was badly damaged by fire, but could be rebuilt; today it is used as an apartment building.

A separate station building was built for the grand ducal family next to the Gelbensande station building. Later it was used by railway employees as a living and office space. A café has now been set up there. Like the neighboring station building, the prince's reception building is a listed building.

Memorials

The oldest memorial dates back to the time after the First World War and is located in front of the cemetery. On a large boulder with a chiseled iron cross is a list of war victims from Gelbensande. The list of Willershäger war victims is on the memorial in Blankenhagen.

Another memorial is located right next to the hunting lodge, in the cemetery of the palace that was used as a military hospital at the end of the Second World War. For a long time, this cemetery was in the shadows and was hardly looked after. After the fall of the Wall in 1989, students and two history teachers from the regional school took on this topic. Finally, the project group "War Graves" was founded to deal with the story after the Second World War. In this context, the names of the victims and survivors were recorded on lists of the Red Cross and the cemetery was redesigned in an elaborate process.

A memorial in the municipality's cemetery commemorates Polish deportees who died while doing forced labor in the forests of Gelbensande during the Second World War.

In September 2009, a memorial stone for over 100 people was laid at the Gelbensande forest cemetery to commemorate the dead who died as a result of hunger and epidemics in the Gelbensande hospital (hunting lodge) between 1945 and 1950.

A memorial can also be found in the Gelbensander forest. To the east of the town, on the former trade route between Rostock and Ribnitz, is the Oertzenstein. This is reminiscent of the forester Adolf von Oertzen, who was very active in the village of Gelbensande around 1900. So he developed the " Gelbensander sand deck method ", a natural and sustainable form of forest management. This is still taught today at forestry training centers. He also stood up for the forest workers by creating comfortable living space.

A plaque in the cemetery commemorates the theologian and anti-fascist Friedrich Brunstädt . In the early 1930s he was the rector of Rostock University and a supporter of Pastor Niemöller. At his funeral, the Rostock students were forbidden to attend, but some of them attended and were then forced to finish their studies.

Archaeological monument

Tower hill in the Gelbensander forest

A little hill to the east of the village, near the hunting lodge, is a hill. He is assigned to the 14th century. During this time, a keep is said to have stood on the elevation , which can be seen as an outpost of the Hanseatic city of Rostock. But it could also be the remains of a former tower hill castle . The earlier function cannot yet be proven, only an archaeological investigation could clarify this. Over the years, the name “Störtebeckerberg” has become popular. This is mainly due to the fact that the open lake was easily accessible from the Gelbensander forest via the Wallbach.

Personalities

• Adolf von Oertzen (born March 10, 1861 in Kotelow , † April 19, 1940 in Gelbensande), forest inspector / chief forester
• Hans Wendt (born March 23, 1892 in Gelbensande, † 1978 in Gelbensande), forester
• Friedrich Brunstädt (* July 22, 1883 in Hanover , † November 2, 1944 in Willershagen), Rector of the University of Rostock, opponent of National Socialism

literature

• Karl-Heinz quarry: Gelbensande community - Chronicle-. Scheunen-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-938398-83-8 .
• Author collective: village and castle stories from Gelbensande and Willershagen. Scheunen-Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-938398-54-3
• Manfred Labitzke: Willershagen in Mecklenburg. Scheunen-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-938398-63-9
• Wilfried Steinmüller: hiking and cycling guide through the heath between Ribnitz and Rostock. Norddeutscher Hochschulschriften-Verlag, Rostock 1995, ISBN 3-929544-23-7 .
• Wilfried Steinmüller: Heidegeschichten between Rostock and Ribnitz. Redieck & Schade, 2001, ISBN 3-934116-15-9 .

cards

• Bike and hiking map - Graal-Müritz, Rostocker Heide. 1: 30,000. green heart , Ilmenau / Ostseebad Wustrow 2002, ISBN 978-3-929993-32-5 .

Web links

Commons : Gelbensande  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality
• Gelbensande on the website of the Rostocker Heide office

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistisches Amt MV - population status of the districts, offices and municipalities 2019 (XLS file) (official population figures in the update of the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ ^{A b} Landscape Management Association "Northeastern Heide eV": Ribnitzer Forest, Gelbensander Forest and Alte Heide. Pp. 5-6.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} Karl-Heinz Steinbruch: Community Gelbensande -Chronik.
4. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Wilfried Steinmüller: Hiking and cycling guide through the heath between Ribnitz and Rostock.
5. ^ Archives of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Mecklenburg / Schwerin
6. ↑ Forced labor in the Baltic Sea region 1939–45 Schwarzenpfost KZ-AUSSENLAGER SCHWARZENPFOST. (PDF) Archived from the original on May 19, 2005 ; accessed on March 30, 2016 . 
7. ^ ^{A b} Manfred Labitzke: Willershagen in Mecklenburg. Scheunen-Verlag, 2008.
8. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Rostock local edition, October 26, 2004.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, July 11, 2008.
10. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung - Rostock local edition, April 18, 2000.
11. ^ Hermann Langer: Conflagration from the right. Rostock 1993, p. 62.
12. ↑ Ostsee-Zeitung: Rostock local edition, December 16, 2009.
13. ↑ community council. on: www.gelbensande.de
14. ↑ Internet site of the municipality of Gelbensande ( memento of the original from December 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
15. ↑ Statistical information from the Rostocker Heide office ( amt-rostocker-heide.de ). 1962 to 2006 according to the results of the census or the evidence of the State Statistical Office M / V
16. ^ Office Rostocker Heide, Gelbensande , accessed on July 4, 2016.
17. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Rostock local edition, April 18, 2009.
18. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, April 21, 2010.
19. ↑ Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, February 27, 2010.
20. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, January 23, 2002.
21. ↑ According to the information on the site no longer available , search in web archives: Volkssolidarität Kreisverband Bad Doberan / Rostock-Land eV
22. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung, Rostock local edition, January 4, 2016.
23. ↑ According to specifying the website of the establishment
24. ↑ Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, May 8, 2010.
25. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Rostock local edition, October 28, 2002.
26. ^ Ostsee-Zeitung: Local edition Rostock, April 20, 2003.
27. ↑ jagdschloss-gelbensande.de: Excerpt from the castle and family history ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
28. ↑ Information board on site
29. ↑ Information board from the historical bike and hiking trail, on site. See also R & W 4 Friedhof und Kirche Gelbens.pdf, download on the website of the Gymnasium Rövershagen ( Memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ). See also the tombstone of Carl Willbrand on site.
30. ↑ Ostsee-Zeitung - local edition Rostock, May 28, 2009.
31. ↑ Information board from the historical bike and hiking trail, on site. See also R & W 3 Eichenallee.pdf, download on the website of the Rövershagen grammar school ( Memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
32. ↑ Information board from the historical bike and hiking trail, on site. See also R & W 2 Fire Brigade Gelbensande.pdf, download on the website of the Rövershagen grammar school ( Memento from September 11, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
33. ↑ Wilfried Steinmüller: hiking and cycling guide through the heath between Ribnitz and Rostock. 1st edition. Redieck & Schade, p. 32.
34. ↑ volksbund.de: Search for traces: pilot project of the Gelbensande regional school. Materials for peace education
35. ↑ Memorial plaque in the Gelbensander cemetery
36. ↑ Landscape care association "Nordöstliche Heide eV": Ribnitzer Forest, Gelbensander Forest and Alte Heide. P. 14.
37. ↑ Information board from the State Office for Monument Preservation on site

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on May 22, 2008 .