Gelbensande hunting lodge

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Gelbensande hunting lodge

The Gelbensande hunting lodge is located in the Rostock Heath in the north of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is part of the Gelbensande community . It was designed as the summer residence of the Mecklenburg Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. and his wife Anastasia Mikhailovna Romanova .

history

Builder Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III.
Grand Duchess Anastasia of Mecklenburg, Grand Duchess of Russia

1884-1945

In 1884, Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. the well-known architect Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel to build a summer residence in the Gelbensander forest. The foundation stone was laid on May 1, 1885 in the presence of the Russian Grand Duke Michael Nikolayevich Romanov . The topping-out ceremony was celebrated a few months later on September 23, 1885. In August 1887 the property was finally ready for occupancy. The inauguration ceremony on August 25 marked the end of the two-year construction work.

Grand Duke Michael Nikolajewitsch Romanow, who helped finance the construction, and his sons were from then on annually guests to Gelbensande to go hunting here.

In 1891, the architect Möckel showed his project in the Gelbensander forest at the international art exhibition in Berlin.

After the death of Friedrich Franz III. the hunting lodge was the widow's seat of his wife Grand Duchess Anastasia . A highlight in the history of the palace was the engagement party on September 4, 1904 between Princess Cecilie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia , the son of Kaiser Wilhelm II. The announcement of the engagement took place in the nearby tea house of the grand ducal family. On the day of the engagement there was a forest fire around Gelbensande, which spread towards the property. Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, Crown Prince Christian of Denmark and Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg demonstrated their drive by participating in the extinguishing work. The Grand Duke remained connected to the fire brigade in Gelbensande later on. In September 1932, for example, he donated an Opel fire truck with a motorized sprayer.

Grand Duchess-widow Anastasia zu Mecklenburg left the German Empire at the beginning of the First World War . Since she belonged to the Russian tsarist family - and thus had connections with the enemy Russia - she was exposed to hostility in Mecklenburg and therefore spent the following war in Switzerland.

On November 8 , 1918 , the people's government, supported by Social Democrats , was recognized by Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV. The Grand Duke then declared his abdication on November 14, 1918 , which also ended the monarchy in Mecklenburg. The ducal family subsequently went into exile in Denmark, from which they returned to Mecklenburg in 1919. The Gelbensande hunting lodge therefore temporarily became the property of the state of Mecklenburg, which was ruled by the Wendorff cabinet .

As part of the compensation for the prince , the abdicated Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV of Mecklenburg received the Gelbensande hunting lodge back in 1919 and lived there until 1921. In the same year he moved to Ludwigslust . Grand Duchess Anastasia's grandson, Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg , lived in the hunting lodge until mid-1944.

1945-1989

On May 1, 1945, was on the adjacent railway tracks hospital train the army stopped. The hospital train had been on an odyssey of several weeks. Due to the danger of low-level aircraft attacks, Commander Dr. Hoffmann quartered the 750 wounded Wehrmacht soldiers in the hunting lodge and other buildings in Gelbensande.

The Soviet occupation troops who occupied the area at the beginning of May 1945 also continued to use the palace as a hospital . In the hospital, the former inmates of the Schwarzenpfost subcamp were cared for, who had to do forced labor at the Ernst Heinkel works in Rostock until the end of the war . In the cemetery not far from the hunting lodge, 48 deceased people from different nations - soldiers, prisoners of war and forced laborers - were buried. Today a memorial commemorates them.

In the course of the land reform in the Soviet zone of occupation , the Mecklenburg royal family, who had fled to Schleswig-Holstein in the British zone of occupation from the Red Army , were expropriated . In the course of the founding of the GDR , the expropriated hunting lodge was made public property.

The castle was then given to the state health system for use and served as a tuberculosis sanctuary and hospital until 1979 .

From 1980 to 1985 the castle was used by the Rostock housing association as housing for construction workers. According to a decision by the SED district leadership and the Rostock district council, a prefabricated housing estate and the associated infrastructure were built in Gelbensande during this time with funds from the GDR's housing program . Criticism of this measure was expressed by the cultural history museum in Rostock . The classification of the nearby hunting lodge as a monument was not taken into account in the decision-making process.

After it was used as a construction workers' accommodation - from 1986 - the community received the right to use the building. Between 1986 and 1990 the community used it by the community, who set up a community library , the Veterans Club, and office space for the section chief . In 1988 the hunting lodge became the property of the Gelbensande municipality. Then the so-called after -work brigades began to renovate the building.

1989 – today

With the turnaround new possibilities of use arose. In July 1990 the Ministry of Commerce and Supply gave permission to set up a casino. A GmbH should run the company, while the community should have a 10 percent share in the profits. A year later, however, the license was refused by the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The municipality then acquired the castle in 1994 and began renovating the top floor and the outer facade in 1996. Considerations by the municipality to set up condominiums, a hotel or a health clinic in the building failed because of the requirement that the building must continue to be accessible to the public.

In 2008 the municipality sold the hunting lodge to a building contractor, and parts of the building have been used commercially since then. The representative rooms on the main floor remain in the contractually agreed right of permanent use of the community, as is the continuation of the museum and the cultural events in the usage concept.

The eleven restored rooms on the floor with the four fireplace rooms and the Grand Duke's bathroom can also be visited without a guided tour; Danish royal porcelain , architectural drawings of the hunting lodge, hunting trophies and copperplate engravings are shown here . A permanent exhibition provides information about the development history of the house.

Hunting lodge

North-east side of the hunting lodge
South-east side of the hunting lodge

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. zu Mecklenburg placed the order to build his summer residence in 1884, and the hunting ground of the Mecklenburg princes offered itself as a location. One of the most important reasons for choosing the location was the good climatic conditions in the region during the summer, which had a favorable effect on the health of the asthma-ridden Grand Duke. The Grand Duke was already in Gelbensande for a cure in 1878, and the environmental conditions have inspired him ever since. The construction goes back to the direct initiative of Grand Duchess Anastasia.

According to the wishes of the landlady, the house should not be overloaded with towers and other style elements of a castle, but rather it should blend in with the environment. The house was designed as a residential building and the interior furnishings were selected based on the latest findings on health compatibility at the time.

Hofbaurat Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel was entrusted with the planning , while construction manager Vogel and later construction manager Diesend were in charge of on-site construction.

Exterior design

Entrance porch and wall lantern

The basic shape of the Grand Ducal Hunting Lodge is based on the style of the stately English country houses. According to Grand Duchess Anastasia's request, design elements from Russian castles and boyar houses were also incorporated. These can be seen, among other things, in the ornate woodwork. Particularly noteworthy here is the wooden roofing of the main entrance, which is also found in this form on boyar houses. The Russian double-headed eagle can also be found on the building. The column architecture of the balconies and arbors also clearly shows the Russian architectural interspersion. The pyramidal pointed helmets of the turrets appear to be derived from the tower of the boyar house of the Romanovs , although architect Möckel used this shape of the turret on his villa in Dresden, built in 1878 in neo-Gothic style. Grand Duke Michael Nikolajewitsch Romanow , father of the Grand Duchess, supported the building financially, as a result of which he also had an influence on the design of the building.

The main floor and the basement are made of red and yellow brick, which were manufactured in the Saniter brickworks in Rostock. The ornate execution of the pattern with the yellow brick facing creates an excellent contrast to the red brick building. This color scheme is typical for building facades designed by Möckel. In contrast, the upper floor, consisting of half-timbered with plastered infills. The wood used for the half-timbering came from the surrounding forest. In line with the Grand Duchess' request, there are halls on all sides that offer protection against direct sunlight and drafts. Access to these halls was obtained via the staircases on the sides of the building.

The staircases to the main floor are equipped with artfully designed wrought iron railings, which resemble the window bars on the lower floor.

A richly decorated corner lantern - on the left of the main entrance - shows in its elaboration the Russian influences on the design of the add-on parts. The lantern is crowned by the Russian double-headed eagle .

The color scheme of the house shows the deliberate contrast of the red and yellow brick with the white plastered surfaces of the infills on the upper floor. The black wooden components of the hunting lodge form the ornate conclusion of the external color scheme.

The gable roofs and dormers are adorned by ridge and gable crowns. Noteworthy are the spheres made of copper with a tip, which served as lightning rods and still serve their purpose today.

Interior design

Floor plans main floor and first floor
Hunting room
Entrance area, coat of arms of the Russian tsar family

The center of the house is the hunting hall, while walking through the side entrance one arrives at the salon, from here the dining room is also accessible.

The hunting room is the largest room in the house and is decorated with splendid hunting trophies. Lined with wooden panels on the walls and a wooden coffered ceiling. Next to lying is the salon with its expansive seating. In the dining room the bay windows can be noticed, which offered space for seating. Ornate fireplaces are another part of the interior. In the Cabinet, on the other hand, there is the ornate fireplace with its seats in front. The necessary firewood for the fire was brought from the basement to the living rooms by elevator.

The master’s bedrooms and bathing areas were on the main floor. These rooms were in connection with the hunting room, the cabinet and the salon. The ornate cabinet is flanked by the boudoir and the bathroom with toilet opposite. Another bathroom adjoins the Boudier area, which has direct access to the master’s bedroom.

The guest room and the chambermaid's room were also located in this part of the building and were accessible from the corridor.

The main rooms have an ornate design and furnishings. Elaborately crafted wooden elements can be found in the rooms, some of which are decorated with intricate carvings . Russian style elements and furnishings can also be seen in the interior. The interior design has been preserved in its original state on the main floor.

The high stilted arched windows on the main floor are furnished with ornate colored lead glass windows . The natural light entering through these windows ensures an excellent lighting situation in the interior. The round, multicolored coat of arms windows, into which the Russian double-headed eagle was incorporated, are remarkable . There are also windows that are provided with brightly colored slug panes.

Double ceilings were installed between the main floor and the upper floor to prevent sound from spreading.

The rooms of the Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV and his sisters were on the upper floor . There were also the guest rooms and the servants' rooms. The kitchen on the upper floor was strictly separated from the surrounding living space. It had its own built-in elevator that transported the food directly to the sideboard. In the attic above there were further guest rooms and the hot water preparation system. The basement, on the other hand, housed other business and service rooms.

A service staircase made of natural stone - for the servants - enabled access from the basement to the upper floor. Next to the sideboard the cast-iron spiral staircase, which gave direct access to the kitchen on the upper floor. The gentlemen reached the upper floor / attic and the children's rooms via the main staircase.

House technic

The hunting lodge was equipped with warm air heating, which supplied the main rooms with warmth by circulating the heated air. The heated air was fed into the premises using pipes. Elaborately designed open fireplaces and tiled stoves served as an additional heat source if required.

The sanitary facilities and bathrooms were equipped with the most modern technology available at the time, including the hot water system installed in the attic. In the outdoor area, a well was necessarily created, which ensured the supply of the house by means of an electric pump and water storage tank. A well house was specially built to protect the drinking water system.

The house also had a food elevator and a fuel elevator. The elevators , which were suspended from ropes, were operated by means of gear drives and hand cranks.

Tea house and outdoor area

Tea house in the dunes

A simple tea house also belonged to the hunting lodge. It was not far from the stately home near the dunes. The pyramidal pointed helmet of the turret and the typical wooden construction showed the Russian and Asian influence on the design of the tea house. The announcement of the engagement of Cecilie zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia took place in the tea house.

When designing the outside area, emphasis was placed on ensuring that the plants and their design fit into the nature of the surroundings. The outdoor area was planted with ornamental shrubs and local flowers, on the back and the front there were ornamental green areas.

Grand Duchess Anastasia was a passionate tennis player, which is why she had a tennis court built at the hunting lodge. Numerous celebrity guests have played on the tennis court over the years, including the brothers Laurence Doherty and Reginald Doherty , both successful tennis players of their time. Only the floor slab of the former tennis court is visible today.

Complementary

Model for Cecilienhof Palace

Crown Princess Cecilie fondly remembered the place of her childhood and youth. The imperial family had the Cecilienhof built in Potsdam according to their wishes . For the newly built castle, architectural elements of the Gelbensande hunting lodge were adopted, the half-timbered elements in the area of ​​the upper floor and the gable are particularly worth mentioning.

Volkenshagen Church

Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. supported the restoration and decoration of the Volkenshagen church - Gelbensande belonged to the parish parish - with considerable funds. As a thank you, a marble plaque with a dedication was donated on the altar square in the church after his death.

Automobiles in Gelbensande

Grand Duchess Anastasia was considered progressive, including in her choice of means of transport. In 1898 she bought a Panhard & Levassor type M2F Wagonette car .

The Grand Duchess was the first protector of the German Automobile Club founded on July 10, 1899 in the Hotel Bristol in Berlin . The initiative to found the DAC also came from Grand Duchess Anastasia.

Even years later, the Gelbensande hunting lodge was the meeting place for automobile fans. The abdicated Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV and the Grand Duchess invited the ladies' department of the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg Automobile Club (GMAC) to Gelbensande. The invitation on September 15, 1932, was followed by 28 women in 12 cars.

gallery

  • The grand ducal family in a 1911 Opel automobile in front of the main entrance

  • Grand Duchess Anastasia and children

  • Crown Prince Wilhelm and Duchess

  • Crown Prince Christian X of Denmark visits Gelbensande

  • The abdicated Grand Duke with his family in the 1920s

See also

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Gelbensande hunting lodge. In: Dieter Pocher: Castles and mansions in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. L & H Verlag, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 978-3-92-8119-90-0 , pp. 122-124.
  • Jörg Kirschstein : Crown Princess Cecilie: The pictorial biography of the last German Crown Princess. be.bra Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86-1246-66-4
  • Gelbensande hunting lodge. In: Matthias Barth: Mecklenburg residences: princely representational architecture from seven centuries. Seemann Verlag, Leipzig 1995, ISBN 978-3-36-3006-36-0 , pp. 89-90.
  • Wilfried Steinmüller: The Gelbensande hunting lodge: residence of the Mecklenburg sovereign princes. Friends of Jagdschloss Gelbensande e. V., Gelbensande 2008.

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • Holdings: (5.12-5 / 1) No. 1511, Ministry of Finance, Forester's Office in Gelbensande, moved to Hirschberg in 1879, also contains: The newly built hunting lodge in Gelbensande, running time: 1847–1907.
    • Inventory: (02.26.03) No. 44, Grand Ducal Marstallamt, settlement of the costs of the stay of a Marstall department in Gelbensande, duration: 1886.
    • Holdings: (02.26.03) No. 696, No. 697, Grand Ducal Marstallamt, inventory of the Marstall in Gelbensande, running time: 1902.
    • Inventory: (02.26.03) No. 702, Grand Ducal Marstallamt, inventory of the automobile garages in Gelbensande, running time: 1903.
    • Holdings: (5.12-4 / 2) No. 11384, Hunting lodge with accessories for Grand Duchess Anastasia in Gelbensande, duration: 1884–1933.
    • Inventory: (5.12-4 / 2-1) No. 463, purchase of forest land from the Gelbensande Grand Ducal Forest for Graal Müritz, term 1940–1941.
    • Holdings: (06.12.01 / 05) No. 1139, Kreisag / Rat des Kreis Rostock, inventory and whereabouts of art and other objects from the Gelbensande hunting lodge, running time: 1948–1950.
    • Inventory: (06.12.01 / 05) No. 113, district council / council of the Rostock district, complaint about the TB hospital Gelbensande, duration: 1949–1951.
  • Federal Archives
    • Holdings: DC 1/1550, DC 1/2269, DC 1/1464, Central Commission for State Control, clarification of ownership of the Gelbensande hunting lodge, Mecklenburg, duration: 1949–1950.
    • Inventory: DN 1/38874, Ministry of Finance, Foreign Exchange Law and Financial Agreements, Part: International Cooperation, Foreign Trade and Currency Planning, Administration of the Gelbensande Hunting Lodge, Duration: 1952.

Printed sources

  • Ingrid Möller: Another attraction thanks to the association's initiative: Gelbensande hunting lodge - a place with an eventful history. In: Mecklenburg-Magazin . No. 27, Schwerin 2002, p. 23.

Web links

Commons : Jagdschloss Gelbensande  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cecilie of Prussia : Crown Princess Cecilie. Memories. Koehler & Amelang Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 978-3-733803-04-9 , p. 48.
  2. ^ Carl Schröder: Friedrich Franz III., Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: From his life and his letters , pp. 279–280 Verlag Friedrich Bahn, Schwerin 1898
  3. ↑ Cecilie of Prussia: Crown Princess Cecilie. Memories. Koehler & Amelang Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 47 f, p. 61.
  4. ↑ Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung 1891. No. 31, Ministry of Public Works, Berlin 1891, p. 298.
  5. ^ Iselin Gundermann : Crown Princess Cecilie. Edition Rieger, Neuruppin 2010, ISBN 978-3-935231-56-5 , p. 7.
  6. ↑ Chronicle of the Gelbensande fire department . Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  7. ↑ “Search for traces” pilot project of the Gelbensande regional school, Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania regional association Petra Klawitter, p. 7, edition 07/2003
  8. ↑ The Dark Years of Schwarzenpfost , accessed July 11, 2017.
  9. ↑ Fate in Numbers Information on the work of the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e. V. p. 179 ( digitized version ).
  10. ↑ Ulrike Puvogel, Martin Stankowski: Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism: A Documentation. Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony, Thuringia. Federal Agency for Political Education, Berlin 1999, p. 408.
  11. ^ Eva Lange: Jagdschloss Gelbensande remains public property. How Queen Alexandrine of Denmark outwitted a district council but failed due to the control organs of the republic. In: New Germany. January 18, 1950.
  12. ^ Hans Bernitt: A grand ducal hunting lodge became a TB sanatorium. From the old and the new Mecklenburg. MV Taschenbuch, Rostock 2000, pp. 273-276.
  13. ↑ Christine Hannemann: The plate industrialized housing in the GDR. Vieweg Verlagsgesellschaft, Wiesbaden 1996, p. 81 f.
  14. ^ FAZ German color theory part 8 , p. 4, The breakthrough of the real
  15. ^ Carl Schröder: Friedrich Franz III. Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: From his life and his letters. Verlag Friedrich Bahn, Schwerin 1898, p. 147.
  16. ↑ a b c Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung 1892. No. 24. Ministry of Public Works, Berlin 1892, p. 252 f.
  17. ^ The Romanovs' boyar house in Moscow , accessed on July 11, 2017.
  18. ↑ Herbert Remmel: Fire in English chimneys: the Gelbensande hunting lodge and its rescuers. In: Schweriner People's Newspaper. May 27, 1997. No. 120, p. 5.
  19. ↑ The gazebo. Born 1905, 1st supplement to No. 23, Verlag Ernst Keils Nachhaben, Leipzig 1905, p. 2.
  20. ↑ Ilka Zander: Gelbensande Castle was the model for Cecilienhof , Ostsee-Zeitung - Ribnitz-Damgartener Zeitung, vol. 53.2005, 185 (10.8.), P. 14, Ostsee-Zeitung GmbH
  21. ^ Carl Schröder: Friedrich Franz III. Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin: From his life and his letters. Verlag Friedrich Bahn, Schwerin 1898, pp. 334-335.
  22. ↑ Gelbensande-Princely Hunting Lodge , accessed on July 11, 2017.
  23. ↑ DAC-KAC-AvD (1899–2014) , accessed on July 11, 2017.
  24. ^ Automobile Club of Germany (ed.): Allgemeine Automobil-Zeitung. Volume 32. Verlag Delius-Klasing, Berlin 1932, p. 20, p. 59.

Coordinates: 54 ° 12 ′ 27 ″  N , 12 ° 18 ′ 51 ″  E