Rostock Heath
The Rostocker Heide , a forest and heathland area northeast of Rostock, has been owned by the Hanseatic City of Rostock since 1252 . With a total area of about 6000 ha , it is the largest closed coastal forest in Germany. Having owned the Rostock Heath, Rostock is one of the five largest communal forest owners in Germany .
In the Rostock district there is the Rostocker Heide office with its seat in the village of Gelbensande .
geography
The forest and heath area northeast of the city of Rostock is the "Northeastern Heath of Mecklenburg". This includes the Rostocker Heide , the Gelbensander forest , the Alte Heide forest and part of the Ribnitz forest. The forest area is the remainder of a primeval forest that once stretched from the Netherlands to Pomerania.
The Rostock Heath stretches along the Baltic Sea coast between the east bank of the Breitling in the west and the re-town west of Graal-Müritz in the east. The border follows the Wiedeortschneise and then upstream the Stromgraben, past Meyer's house to the federal highway 105 , which forms the southeastern border up to the height Dwasweg, then it leads in a westerly direction between Rövershagen and Wiethagen through to above Niederhagens, to then the course follow the Bäderstraße in a southerly direction.
The Rostock City Forestry Office is responsible for the management of the heath as the owner and lower nature conservation authority. The Rostock Heath is divided into the Schnatermann , Hinrichshagen , Torfbrücke and Wiethagen forest districts.
5,177 ha of the Rostock Heath is wood floor area (tree-lined area), 827 ha non-wood floor area (moors, meadows, reed areas). An extensive network of ditches and streams runs through the area, u. a. the Rohrbach, the Feuerstellenbach, the Stromgraben and the Radelbach. The largest bodies of water are the Heiligensee - almost round, with a diameter of around 250 meters - and the east-west stretched Radelsee, which is around 1200 meters long and at its widest point 350 meters wide. Only a few small hills, such as the Dachsberg southeast of Torfbrücke, the Buchenberg near Schnatermann, the Budenberg northeast of the Heiligensee and the Kastanienberg can be found in the Rostocker Heide. To the west of the village of Torfbrücke, the coastal forest bears the name Gespensterwald , as the beeches in this forest are stunted and crippled under the constant influence of the sea wind. Some heathland on areas formerly used by the military in the Hinrichshagen and Wiethagen districts are being maintained. Military bunkers were converted into winter quarters for bats .
The entire Rostock Heath is a landscape protection area . Three sub-areas are designated as nature reserves : Heiligensee and Hütelmoor (540 ha), Radelsee (218 ha) and Schnatermann (54 ha).
The main network of trails for hikers and cyclists is about 61 km long. The international Baltic Sea Cycle Route (EV10) leads from Hohe Düne to Graal-Müritz through the Rostock Heath. The railway line from Rövershagen to Graal-Müritz runs through the area in a north-south direction ; on the southern edge, the Stralsund – Rostock railway runs parallel to federal highway 105 .
history
In 1252 a fire raged in Rostock. The city did not buy the wood for the reconstruction, but from Borwin III on March 25, 1252 . 6000 hectares of Mecklenburg's Northeastern Heath, which is still around 12,000 hectares today, today's Rostock Heath.
Wallenstein , the important general of the Thirty Years' War , is said to have camped in the middle of the heath before moving on to Stralsund.
Although it actually belonged to Rostock through the purchase of the Rostocker Heide, the towns of Hinrichshagen , Markgrafenheide , Meyers Hausstelle, Schnatermann , Torfbrücke, Waldhaus and Wiethagen were officially incorporated into Rostock on December 9, 1924 .
During the Second World War in the forest, about three kilometers northeast of Wiethagen, an outsourcing operation of the Rostock Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke was built on 97 hectares . After the heavy bombing raids in 1942, production was relocated to the surrounding area. For this purpose, the Rostock-Schwarzenpfost satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp was set up in Oberhagen . Up to 1,500 prisoners who came daily from Oberhagen on foot or were brought from Rostock by train had to work here in the Heinkel works. On April 30, 1945, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were driven towards Warnemünde. After the war, the facilities were dismantled and brought to the Soviet Union as reparations ; the buildings were blown up.
During the GDR era, there was initially a firing range not far from Wiethagen in Rostocker Heide, then there was also one on the coast and near Hinrichshagen, and later anti-aircraft missiles with barracks, bunkers and ammunition depots were added. In 1989 there were then 2600 hectares of the Rostock Heath that were used by the army.
In 1957, 540 hectares were designated as the Heiligensee and Hütelmoor nature reserve. The Schnatermann nature reserve was also set up in 1957 and was reduced in size again in 1961. From 1975, however, the use of grassland was intensified without taking into account the status of a nature reserve. The areas were drained by a pumping station, the grassland was broken up and grasses sown.
After 1990 the military installations were removed and finally in 2000 the use of the shooting range near Wiethagen was stopped. The areas were renatured as part of EU-funded measures .
The entire Rostock Heath has been a landscape protection area since February 1996 . According to a resolution by the Rostock citizenship, the forest has been FSC-certified since 2000 .
In the summer of 2006, the Rostocker Ruheforst was inaugurated near Wiethagen .
Flora and fauna
53% of the forest areas of the Rostock Heath are coniferous trees (mainly pine , spruce and larch ). The pines make up 33% of the total tree population. In the case of deciduous trees (47% of the stock), beeches (12%), oaks (11%) and birches are most strongly represented.
827 hectares of the Rostock Heath are moors, reed areas and meadows. There you will find small reeds with rushes , which are home to many insects , marigolds and orchids , kingfishers , cranes and sea eagles , old yew trees , holly trees and service berries ; there is lung gentian on meadows with changing moisture, lice weed and many other plants and animals. In 1997, in cooperation with the Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU), improvements in living conditions for amphibians and reptiles were achieved in six small bodies of water. The biodiversity is particularly extensive in the three nature reserves, some of which are designated as total reserves .
Museums, sights and memorials
The history of the production of charcoal and tar is shown in the forest and Köhlerhof Wiethagen . The charcoal burner house and the two still existing tar ovens were declared a technical monument in 1984.
In the former Schnatermann district forester there is an excursion restaurant of the same name. The former forester's house Meyers Hausstelle has been used as a restaurant since 2003. The Gelbensande hunting lodge with museum and restaurant is located in the Gelbensander Forest, which is adjacent to the Rostock Heath .
Some monuments remember people whose life was closely connected to the Rostock Heath:
- Brandts-Kreuz ( Lage ) commemorates the hunter Brandt, who died here in a hunting accident in 1669.
- The Beckerstein ( Lage ) is reminiscent of the forest inspector Hermann Friedrich Becker from Rövershagen, who founded the regulated forestry in the Rostock Heath. In 1793 he presented a complexly measured forest map of the heath for the first time. He also founded the corridor system in the Rostock Heath. With Heinrich Cotta and Friedrich Pfeil he is one of the founders of German forestry .
- The Garthe stone ( Lage ) commemorates the last of a dynasty of foresters . He is in memory of the forest inspector Max Garthe jun. (1864–1915) who fell in the First World War.
- Charles Bencard (1877–1956) succeeded Max Garthe junior, he was responsible for the reforestation of the large clear cuts caused by the war. A memorial stone for him is in the coastal forest northeast of the Heiligensee ( Lage ) .
- The Krause-Stein ( location ) is dedicated to the local researcher Ludwig Krause (1863-1924), who began researching the field names in the Rostock Heath in 1908.
- Westphalsruh. This square and a memorial plaque reminds of the district forester Felix-Ernst Westphal from Rövershagen (1911–1990) who worked here until 1980. In order to facilitate and improve the planting and sowing work, he had agricultural implements modified and extensive plant gardens and tree nurseries established.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d rathaus.rostock.de: Rostocker Heide , accessed on January 20, 2018
- ^ Manfred Labitzke, Willershagen in Mecklenburg , Scheunen-Verlag, ISBN 978-3-938398-63-9
- ↑ The dark years of Schwarzenpfost, Petra Klawitter, Dr. Christine Gundlach, Frank Schröder, BS-Verlag Rostock, ISBN 978-3-89954-214-1
- ↑ NDR1: Peace must be defended, peace must be armed: Searching for clues in the Rostock Heath ( Memento from July 2, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Homepage of the forest of rest
- ^ Regine Rachow: Battle zone between land and sea: The new modesty in German nature conservation. In: der Freitag, the weekly newspaper online. March 12, 2003, accessed December 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Antje Bernstein: New start for Rostock cult bar Schnatermann. In: Ostsee-Zeitung . May 28, 2019, accessed July 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Homepage of the restaurant Meyers Hausstelle
literature
- Dietz, Hans: The Rostock Heath . Verlag Steffen, Friedland 2004, ISBN 3-937669-25-6 .
- Steinmüller Wilfried: Rostock Heath . green heart, Ilmenau / Wustrow 2008, ISBN 978-3-86636-151-5 .
- Cycling and hiking map Graal-Müritz, Rostocker Heide . green heart, Ilmenau / Wustrow 2002, ISBN 3-929993-32-5 .
Web links
Coordinates: 54 ° 12 ′ 52.4 " N , 12 ° 14 ′ 26.5" E