Georg Daniel

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Georg Benedict Friedrich Wilhelm Daniel (born January 15, 1829 in Rehna ; † April 8, 1913 in Schwerin ) was a German architect and Mecklenburg construction clerk . He was one of the representatives of historicism .

biography

Georg Daniel was the son of the lawyer Friedrich (Carl Ludwig) Daniel and his wife Sophie Ludolphine Luise Elise, b. Goerbitz. His father was a lawyer and from 1828 to 1849 mayor of Rehna, from 1849 to 1852 he worked in the Domanialamt Schwaan and then from 1852 to 1860 mayor of Schwaan.

Daniel married the daughter of the Hoftheater choir director and actor Friedrich August Fuchs in 1862 and had five children, Anna, Antonie, Carl, Käte and Margarethe.

He grew up in Rehna, where he received home schooling until his confirmation in 1844. He then attended the lyceum in Hanover , from 1846 the polytechnic school there . After its closure as a result of the political events of 1848/49, he went to Munich to continue his architectural studies in the private studio of the Royal Building Councilor Georg Friedrich Christian Bürklein and at the Polytechnic. After a break due to military service, he continued his training in 1851 with Ludwig Lange at the Royal Academy there . In 1852 Daniel returned to Mecklenburg and began to prepare for the first building exam in Schwaan , where his father was now mayor.

After passing the exam at the beginning of May 1854, until the construction work was completed in 1857, he was employed as a building supervisor on the construction site of the Schwerin palace renovation led by Hermann Willebrand , as he was still missing an exam. In addition, in 1857 he made the first drafts for renovations to the town hall, school and church in Schwaan, where his father was mayor. After a trip to Italy with the architect Georg Stern , who was later involved in the construction of the Rostock university main building, he went to Vienna in 1858 , where he worked in the office of the architect Franz Jakob Kreuter until 1861 , including building the Palazzo Grassi in Venice . In Vienna he was also involved in the redesign of the Sinaschen Palais and for the Vienna city expansion.

On May 7, 1861, Daniel passed his second building exam in Mecklenburg and was appointed building manager on June 12, 1861 . He became an employee in the office of the Schwerin architect Theodor Krüger , and traveled with him in 1862 to Prussia and the Mark Brandenburg to study medieval brick buildings. From then on, Krüger involved him in the planning of the church and in the construction management of the churches built between 1863 and 1869. This also included his involvement in the planning and execution of the Paulskirche in Schwerin.

In 1867 Daniel became a civil servant in the Schwerin building district, and in 1870 a district builder for the Domanial offices of Hagenow - Wittenburg . At the request of Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm, Daniel took over the management of the building administration of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in 1874, where after the death of Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel in 1869 the state building industry was inadequately managed. During this time, the restoration of the cathedral in Ratzeburg , which at that time belonged to the Strelitz Principality of Ratzeburg , began.

In 1880 Daniel returned to Schwerin and was appointed building officer for the domanium and the forests with a seat and a vote in the chamber council and at the same time became head of the administration of state buildings. In November 1887 Daniel was also in the by the Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. newly created commission for the preservation of the monuments and antiquities of the country in Schwerin appointed, of which he belonged until his retirement. From 1888, there was a special relationship of trust between Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. and Daniel during the construction of the Schwerin cathedral tower donated by Arthur von Bernstorff and the conversion of the Helenen-Paulownen-Mausoleum in Ludwigslust into a burial place for Friedrich Franz III. Only after the funeral of the deceased Grand Duke began in April 1898 with the renovation work, which was completed in June 1898.

In the following two decades, several buildings that shape the cityscape were built in Schwerin, such as the theater, the college building II , the cathedral tower, the boys' secondary school and the state insurance institute.

At the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century, Daniel was the most important architect in Mecklenburg due to his prominent position in the grand ducal building administration and numerous buildings built according to his plans. In terms of his creative achievements, however, his contemporaries working in the country such as Theodor Krüger , Hermann Willebrand and Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel were on a par. Georg Daniel was a pronounced exponent of historicist building, but he cannot pin down a style. In his numerous church buildings, all of which are committed to the brick construction typical of the country, he consistently represents the neo-Gothic style . Most of his church buildings appear academically strict and show only a few design variants. For this, the church building regulations were just as decisive as the specifications of the state or church clients. In the restoration of many medieval churches in the country, he was not only responsible as a state architect, but was also a member of the Grand Ducal Commission for the Preservation of Monuments , of which he was a member from the founding year 1887 to 1911.

Dobbertin Monastery, north gable Dominahaus 2014

When designing public buildings, Daniel often resorted to Renaissance forms , such as when planning the court theater at the Alter Garten in Schwerin, which was built from 1882 onwards. Daniel took up forms of the Dutch-influenced Renaissance in the manor house in Bernstorf , the Hahn'schen Mausoleum in Bristow and the gable of the so-called Dominahaus in Dobbertin monastery .

Daniel was also used twice by the state monasteries in Dobbertin and Malchow. While in Dobbertin he was given a beautification contract with the construction of a decorative gable on the Dominahaus, it was a fire in Malchow that made the renovation of the heavily damaged monastery church necessary. The Dobbertiner order in the more important complex was carried out in accordance with the specifications of the state parliament , which focused on all financial activities of the state monasteries. Since the building of Frau Domina as head of the aristocratic women's monastery was not worthy of the Dobbertin monastery internally or externally and defaced the entire monastery square, the state parliament committee approved the upgrading of the so-called Dominahaus as early as 1884. Georg Daniel was entrusted with the expansion and renovation of the Domina apartment and in November 1886, during an on-site inspection, it was found that everything had turned out to the satisfaction of the reverend Frau Domina. With the stylistic conspicuousness, Daniel's decorative gable not only enhances the seat and the position of the head of the convent, here it was deliberate, because opposite, the monastery captain resided in an equally dominant baroque house as managing director of the Dobbertin monastery business enterprise.

As a building restorer, Daniel contributed to the restoration of numerous buildings that were endangered in their existence. Of his church restorations, that of the Ratzeburg Cathedral was the longest and most successful for him. The extensive restoration of the parish churches in Güstrow , Penzlin and St. Nikolai in Rostock , the renovation of the monastery church in Malchow from 1888 to 1890 in the neo-Gothic style and the realization of the planning that has been pursued since the 1840s are significant for the history of the Mecklenburg monument preservation and the urban significance of the Schwerin Cathedral corresponding tower building. Daniel's restoration measures at the castle in Güstrow were also sustainable steps in securing the substance of this monument. In 1886, based on his design, the restoration of the south-west gable, which was important for the shape of the Güstrow Castle, was due to be restored in the middle of the 19th century and was long overdue due to severe deterioration.

The attempt to crown and conclude his architectural career with the design for the new archive building in Schwerin failed despite several possible solutions. In view of the turning away from building in historical forms in favor of largely functionally determined solutions based on the fairness of materials, a design by his successor Paul Ehmig that was committed to reform architecture was preferred at the beginning of the 20th century .

He worked as a secret senior building officer in Schwerin until his retirement in 1911.

Honors

Daniel received several awards, such as the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Wendish Crown at the rededication of the Ratzeburg Cathedral . He was also awarded the gold medal for science and art and a commemorative medal.

  • 1861 construction manager
  • 1870 district master builder, land builder
  • 1880 building council
  • 1883 Knight's Cross of the Order of the Wendish Crown
  • 1897 Commander's Cross
  • 1911 Grand Commander's Cross with the Star of the Order of the Wendish Crown

Daniel retired on July 1, 1911 at the age of 82 and died on April 8, 1913. His grave is in the old cemetery in Schwerin.

Works (selection)

War memorial 1870/1871 in Güstrow
Schwerin court theater

estate

Parts of Georg Daniel's estate are in the Schwerin State Main Archive and the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library in Schwerin. Among them are six letters from Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. von Mecklenburg-Schwerin for the construction of the tower on the cathedral and wishes for his burial place, 1888–1890. The 12 sketchbooks he has survived are in the state library.

literature

  • Krüger: Bernstorff Castle in Mecklenburg-Schwerin. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung XVII, year 1885, p. 125 ff.
  • Krüger: Tower of the Dome in Schwerin. In: Wiener Bauindustrie-Zeitung. 6th year 1888, p. 119.
  • Georg Daniel: New construction of the cathedral tower in Schwerin. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung. XXVI. Born in 1892, p. 601 ff.
  • Johann Friedrich Pries: The builders of Mecklenburg and their works. In: Mecklenburg. 19th year 1924, pp. 17-18.
  • Grete Grewolls: Daniel, Georg. In: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania? A dictionary of persons. Edition Temmen, Bremen 1995, ISBN 3-86108-282-9 , p. 92.
  • Ulrich Hermanns: Medieval town churches of Mecklenburg. Monument preservation and construction in the 19th century. Schwerin 1996, ISBN 3-931185-15-X , pp. 74, 144, 145.
  • Gerhard Steiniger: Georg Daniel - secret senior building officer. In: Builders in eight centuries. Schwerin 1998 ISBN 3-928820-88-5 , pp. 171-175.
  • Elsbeth Andre: Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. and builder Georg Daniel. In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher. 119th year, Schwerin 2004, pp. 263–277.
  • Horst Ende : Well versed in all styles. The architect Georg Daniel - creator of striking buildings and monument conservator. Mecklenburg-Magazin 2004 No. 1 p. 11.
  • Horst Ende: Georg Daniel as an architect and preservationist in Schwerin. In: Monument protection and preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Issue 11, Schwerin 2004, p. 65.
  • Michael Lissok: Style variants of neo-renaissance architecture in Mecklenburg. In: B. Hartel, B. Lichtnau (eds.), Architecture in Pomerania and Mecklenburg from 1850 to 1900 (= Art in the Baltic Sea Region. Greifswalder Art History Studies, Volume 4), Frankfurt am Main 2004, p. 156 ff.
  • Horst Ende: Schwerin Cathedral. Munich, Berlin 2005, pp. 19, 25.
  • Sabine Bock : 200 years of planning and still no new town hall in Schwerin. In: From Schinkel to van de Velde. Architecture and art history contributions from classicism to art nouveau. Festschrift for Dieter Dolgner. Dößel 2005, pp. 325-328.
  • Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg Benedict Friedrich Wilhelm. In: Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Volume 5, Rostock 2009, ISBN 978-3-7950-3746-8 , pp. 111-116.

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Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. No. 4624, floor plans for Frau Domina's apartment.
    • LHAS 5.11-2 Landtag negotiations , Landtag assemblies , Landtag minutes and Landtag committee.
    • LHAS 5.12-5 / 10 Central building administration, administration of state buildings.
    • LHAS 10.9 - D / S Daniel, Georg. Diary (postponed autobiography)
    • LHAS 12.3-1 Hofbauamt . Grand Ducal Property Management, Construction Department, Portfolio 14.
    • LHAS 12.3-2 Ministry of Finance, Building Construction Dept.
    • LHAS 13.1-1 Site Map Collection . Construction drawings for public buildings.
    • LHAS 13.1-2 image collection. Persons, No. 3, 4th photo around 1910, around 1860 (based on an oil painting)
  • State Church Archive Schwerin. (LKAS)
    • OKR, Specialia, collection of plans Schwerin / Dom No. 124, 125.
    • Collection of plans, Schwerin cathedral tower and cathedral cloister.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation. (LAKD)
    • LAKD, Department of Monument Preservation, plan collection C 380.
    • LAKD, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Library, sketchbooks.
  • State Museum Schwerin
    • Kupferstichkabinett, Schwerin, Dom.
  • Schwerin City Archives
    • Collection of plans, Schwerin School Friedensstrasse, Heilanstalt Sachsenberg, Sparkasse Puschkinstrasse / Lindenstrasse.
  • Schwaan City Archives
    • Collection of plans, Schwaan School, City Hall.
  • Rostock city archive
    • Collection of plans, Rostock St. Nikolaikirche.

Web links

Commons : Georg Daniel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 111.
  2. ^ Friedrich Preßler: State building administration in Mecklenburg. 2001, p. 19. (unpublished)
  3. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 112.
  4. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 112.
  5. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 112.
  6. ^ Ulrich Hermanns: The organization of the preservation of monuments. In: Medieval city churches of Mecklenburg. 1996, pp. 74-75.
  7. ^ Elsbeth Andre: Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III. and builder Georg Daniel. MJB 119 (2004) p. 263.
  8. ↑ LHAS 2.26-2 Court Marshal's Office. No. 1316.
  9. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 113.
  10. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009, p. 113.
  11. ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Landtag protocols Kloster Dobbertin 1884, No. 43, 1885, No. 7. 1886, No. 4.
  12. ↑ Horst Alsleben : Master builder of the Dominahaus known. Schwerin building officer Georg Daniel produced magnificent decorative gables until 1886. SVZ Lübz August 27, 2003.
  13. ↑ LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Landeskloster / Klosteramt Dobbertin. No. 4624.
  14. ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Protocols of the Landtag of Dobbertin Monastery, 1886, No. 4.
  15. ↑ Horst Alsleben: Dobbertin Monastery. Dominahaus urgently needs to be renovated. SVZ Lübz September 3, 2003.
  16. ↑ Horst Ende: Daniel, Georg. 2009. p. 114.
  17. ^ Horst Ende: DANIEL In: Biographisches Lexikon für Mecklenburg. , Volume 5, 2009, p. 114.
  18. ↑ According to Horst Ende: Well versed in all styles, architect Georg Daniel. Mecklenburg-Magzin, 2004 No. 3 the new building of the town church in Malchow was built according to Daniel's plans from 1868 to 1870.
  19. ^ Sabine Bock : Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Architecture and history. (= Contributions to the history of architecture and monument preservation, 7.1–3), Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , Volume 2, pp. 901–904.
  20. ↑ LHAS 5.11-2 Minutes of the Landtag. November 12, 1884, No. 43, 44, November 11, 1885, No. 30, November 23, 1886, No. 19.
  21. ^ Sabine Bock: Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Architecture and history. (= Contributions to the history of architecture and monument preservation, 7.1–3), Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , Volume 1, pp. 63–65.
  22. ^ Sabine Bock: Stately houses on the estates and domains in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Architecture and history. (= Contributions to the history of architecture and monument preservation, 7.1–3), Thomas Helms Verlag, Schwerin 2008, ISBN 978-3-935749-05-3 , Volume 2, pp. 730–736.
personal data
SURNAME Daniel, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Daniel, Georg Benedict Friedrich Wilhelm (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and Mecklenburg construction clerk
DATE OF BIRTH January 15, 1829
PLACE OF BIRTH Rehna
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 1913
Place of death Schwerin