Johanniter Church Groß Eichsen
The Johanniter Church in Groß Eichsen, a district of Mühlen Eichsen , is one of the larger village churches in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany . It is located on the northeastern outskirts near the shore of the Groß Eichsener See .
history
Eichsen or Eixen , at that time still without an addition, is documented as a parish of the Ratzeburg diocese as early as 1194 . The Count von Schwerin gave in 1200 Eixen and the villages Goddin, Moraas and Sülsdorf the Order of St. John . The church can also be found in the Ratzeburg tithe register in 1230 . The Sülstorf priory was set up by Johanniter who came here from the commandery in Werben (Elbe) in the Altmark. The Johanniter expanded in Mecklenburg in the 13th century and at the end of the 13th / beginning of the 14th century the headquarters were shifted to the Kraak Commandery , which was probably transferred to the priory. The ecclesiastical center of the priory was the church of Eixen, the architectural effect of which far surpassed the simpler village church built before 1283 at the nearby watermill on the Stepenitz , today Mühlen Eichsen. This early history is documented from disputes between the Johanniter and the Ratzeburg bishops over church patronage; a question that was decided in 1283 for both churches together in favor of the Johanniter. The church of Groß-Eixen developed into a well-known pilgrimage church during the Middle Ages under the Knights of St. John . The Johanniter stayed in Sülsdorf until the Reformation and the church in Groß Eichsen was also known as the Münster zu Groß Eixen in the 16th century . Until 1552 there was still an interim in the form that the Schwerin canon Paschen Gustävel was the owner of the priory; then the goods of the place were given to the chancellor of the Mecklenburg dukes.
Schlie reported from hearsay that the last residential buildings of the Johanniter in Groß Eichsen were supposed to have been demolished at the beginning of the 18th century due to disrepair.
Building description
The outer
The church itself is a stately, carefully executed brick Gothic building , built in the first half of the 14th century. The single nave nave - as a high, elongated hall - is closed to the east by a 5/8 choir. This also makes the shape of the choir stand out from the rectangular box choir, which is predominant in both Lauenburg and Mecklenburg. The stone vaulting of the nave, which was once planned, was never realized. From 1866 to 1867 by Georg Daniel also conducted an internal restoration, the ceiling solution still preserved, a wood in the vault in the form of one tonne over a visible truss by the master carpenter August Gaedt was introduced. The massive side chapels on the north and south sides from a later period give the impression of a transverse hall or a transept and thus give the impression of a cross-armed church. While the southern chapel enhances the spatial impression due to the loft, the northern one is completely closed off from the nave and serves as a stairway to the pulpit and as a sacristy. Both are provided with blind gables. Even through changes over the centuries, the original character of a Gothic church was retained.
The mighty, square and three- story west tower from the 15th century is almost the width of the nave. The eaves height of the hilted gable roof extends to the ridge of the nave. At the western end there is a church cock and at the eastern end the Johanniterkreuz. The simple and economical structure of the tower facade is made by buttresses and two-part arched windows. There are return portals at the western entrance to the tower and at the extensions.
The inner
Inside, the rib vaulted tower hall is open all the way up to the nave, to which there are shield arches for planned vaults. The existing buttresses also show that the church interior was once intended to be vaulted. The extensions are flatly covered, the southern one is open to the ship, the northern one is separated. Remains of ornamental grisaille painting , probably from the second half of the 17th century, can still be seen on the northern beam ceiling .
The interior is particularly notable for its baroque pieces.
altar
The church has a baroque altar, which was donated in 1698 by the patron of the church, the court president Ulrich von Stralendorff (1641–1699) together with his wife Margaretha (born von Plessen (1645–1708) adH Damshagen ). The wide, 6.60 meter high and 5.85 meter wide wooden altarpiece is one of the earliest and richest baroque altarpieces in Mecklenburg. It is adorned by five paintings, in the middle the Last Supper, the Crucifixion and Ascension in the upper part, on the sides the Legislation and the Sermon on the Mount, supplemented by the carved figures Peter, Paul, both John, the victorious Christ and angels on the sides and in the Crowning.
The altarpiece was re-consecrated in 1998 after repair and restoration (restorers: Wieland Geipel, Berlin, with the cooperation of students from the Hildesheim University of Applied Sciences, and Brigitte Frfr. Von Hammerstein, Hamburg).
pulpit
The baroque pulpit is a work from 1680. It also bears the coat of arms of Ulrich von Stralendorff and his wife. The parapets are painted with scenes from the New Testament.
Older pieces of equipment
The four-meter-long triumphal cross from the end of the 15th century was restored in 2006. Unsatisfactory glue paints from the 19th century were removed, sculptural additions were made in oak and the color of the wood was adjusted. It hangs east of the north porch on the north wall of the church.
One of the most massive granite baptisms in the shape of a goblet with a dome wall thickness of 15 cm in Mecklenburg from the early days of the priory, originally belonged to a Gotland sandstone fountain that can still be found in the cemetery in Groß Brütz and is used there as a container for green plants. It came from the Schwerin Cathedral, the cup came to Gross Brütz and the upper half to Gross Eichsen. It has four mask heads as figurative jewelry on the much too small tetrapassed sandstone foot. The total height of the baptismal font is 103 cm, the width 111 cm, height of the cup 65 cm. The wall thickness 15 cm, the width of the bowl 81 and the depth 30 cm.
The choir stalls , which were made of oak from the beginning of the 16th century and consist of two rows of eight seats each, are decorated with openwork Gothic carvings and the coat of arms of Prior Johannes Wulff on the canopies .
Baroque altar
Romanesque baptism
Baroque pulpit
Former late Gothic triumphal cross (end of the 15th century)
organ
The organ , built in 1687 by Lübeck's David Georg Briegel and organ builder Sager , was probably moved to the Mühlen Eichsen village church in 1723 by Lübeck's organ builder Hans Hantelmann .
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The baroque organ was built in 1723 by the organ builder and student Arp Schnitger, Hans Hantelmann . With its short octave and mid-tone tuning , the organ was already considered an ancient instrument at the time it was built, which Ulrich von Strahlendorf, the patron saint of Groß Eichsen's church, had probably built for his own needs as an organ player. The entire gallery - with the staircase and the positive back - is already a remarkable work of art in terms of its design. In 1907, the Hantelmann organ was romantically built over by the organ builder Marcus Runge from Schwerin, using many other components. The baroque prospectus was largely preserved. The parapet of the organ gallery shows contemporary representations with musicians and their instruments and matching psalm verses ; Angels playing music can be found at the entrance. A rich wooden decor with lush veil boards , ears and crowning of the pipe towers, plus paintings on the prospect pipes with grimaces and faces, adorn the organ prospectus. At the organ concerts, the rotation of the Zimbelstern is always a little sensation.
The organ was inaugurated again in 2002 after several years of restoration. The Rückpositiv was restored in 1990/91 by the Dresden organ builder Kristian Wegscheider . In 2002 he restored the main work and the pedal - a historicizing new building, consistently incorporating all the original parts that were still in existence.
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Bells
According to Schlie, there were two bells from 1680 and 1679 in the tower . One bell was melted down during the war, so that only one bell still exists today. It bears the coats of arms and names of its founders, Ulrich von Strahlendorff and his wife Margaretha von Plessens.
Grave slabs in the church
Kaspar von Schöneich († 1547), set by his son Balthasar in 1603
Bernhard Joachim von Bülow
Ulrich von Stralendorff († October 21, 1699) and Margaretha von Plessen († December 19, 1708)
JJ from Leers
Reinhard von Leers († 1921)
restoration
From 1994 to 2009 the altarpiece, the vaulted ceiling and various masonry, the crucifix and the dumbbell organ were restored for more than 670,000 euros; The bell tower, pulpit, organ loft, sacristy and lighting are also to be refurbished within the scope of a further 100 euros already estimated.
See also
literature
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, [reprint 1992], Die Kirchdörfer Gross-Eichsen and Mühlen-Eichen p. 493 ff. (P. 496 ff.), ISBN 3-910179-06-1
- Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1987, pp. 76, 77, 137.
- Horst Ende: Churches in Schwerin and the surrounding area. Berlin 1989, ISBN 3-374-00840-2 , pp. 110, 111, 182.
- Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Munich, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , pp. 201-202.
- ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish. Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , pp. 189–190.
- Max Reinhard Jaehn: Organs in Mecklenburg. Rostock 2008, pp. 54-57.
- Paul Martin Romberg: The early Romanesque baptismal font of the Wends and Obotrites. Alt Metzeln 2015.
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Printed sources
- Mecklenburg record book (MUB)
- Mecklenburg Yearbooks (MJB)
Unprinted sources
-
State Main Archive Schwerin
- LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. Order of St. John Priory Eichsen.
- LHAS 12.3-6 / 2 Lorenz estate. Folder 3, No. 1.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Naumann: The Plessen - family line from XIII. to XX. Century . Edited by Dr. Helmold von Plessen on behalf of the family association. 2nd revised and expanded edition. CA Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn, 1971, p. 92
- ^ Frank Hösel: village church Groß Eichsen, triumphal cross. In: KulturERBE in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Schwerin 2007, Volume 2, pp. 130-131.
- ↑ Paul Martin Rpomberg: The early Romanesque baptism of the Wends and Obotrites. Alt Meteln 2015, p. 67
- ^ Paul Martin Romberg: The early Romanesque baptism of the Wends and Obotrites. Alt Meteln 2015, p. 67.
- ^ Dagmar von Plessen: Johanniter-Kirche zu Groß Eichsen . In: Landschaft-mv.de ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 53 ° 44 ′ 46.1 ″ N , 11 ° 15 ′ 37.4 ″ E