Commandery Kraak

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Former Commandery Church in Kraak

The Kraak Commandery , previously the Sülstorf Commandery, was a Commandery of the Order of St. John in the village of Kraak in what is now the Rastow municipality in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , which was first mentioned in 1217 and existed until 1648. The original seat of the commandery was first Goddin with the Johanniter church in Groß Eichsen , then Sülstorf until the commandery was relocated to Kraak. It is the oldest of the three Mecklenburg Commanderies of the Order of St. John.

history

The Order of St. John had already settled in Goddin and Eichsen around 1200 , this is evident from a deed of donation from Count Gunzelin II and Heinrich I von Schwerin . Based in Sülstorf, the Commandery was strengthened in 1217 by further brothers from the Commandery Werben in the Altmark. This is evidenced by a deed of gift from the Counts of Schwerin and Count Nikolaus von Halland, Gunzelin's son-in-law II, with their wives. At that time, the property at Eichsen was presumably subject to the Commandery in Werben, since there is only talk of a " Priory Eixen" and no Commandery.

Between 1292 and 1323 the seat of the commandery must have changed from Sülstorf to Kraak. Sülstorf becomes the patronage of Komtur von Kraak until the order's assets are confiscated in the second half of the 16th century.

In the 16th century, Kraak and Sülstorf, Moraas and Hoort were named as the possession of the commandery .

This was preceded by a long legal dispute between the dukes of Mecklenburg and the master master of the Order of St. John in Sonnenburg . It escalated in 1533 when Ma (t) thias von Ilow was recalled by the Lord Master of the Order of St. John. Johann Albrecht I, assuming the master's approval, appointed Kurt von Restorff, who pleased him, as commander. The master himself appointed Hans von Rohr as commander. When Hans von Rohr arrived at the Commandery, Kurt von Restorff chased him away at gunpoint. The subsequent further process was dragged on until the final secularization of the commandery.

In 1552 Duke Johann Albrecht I transferred the sovereign property to the Hofrat Johann von Lucka. Six years later Johann von Lucka exchanged ownership for Bresen and "half of the Pinnow estate ."

In 1561 a Commander named Friedrich Spedt (Spieß) was named again. This had probably received the commandery for his services as councilor to Johann Albrecht I. The latter regretted his decision and wanted to move in again. Friedrich Spedt then sued Duke Johann Albrecht for disrupting property, breaching the peace and disrupting the order of the empire with the emperor. The latter granted the request and it was not until July 31, 1562 that Johann Albrecht managed to come into possession of the land after paying compensation of 3500 thalers.

Commander

Name and year indicate the verifiable mention.

  • 1376 0000- Reyncke Trammen
  • 1381– 0000Olrisch (von) Drosseken
  • 1413– 0000Otto Warborch (Warburg)
  • 1422– 0000Heinrich
  • 1495– 0000Kersten van der Werde
  • 1498–1504 Nikolaus Bevernest
  • 1519–1532 Mathias von Ilow
  • 1533 - 0000Mathias Belling
  • 1533 - 0000Curt von Restorff
Johanniterkirche Kraak

Buildings

The only remaining structures are the Johanniterkirche in Sülstorf and the Johanniterkirche in Kraak.

Building description

The Johanniterkirche in Kraak is an elongated hall church with a slightly irregular three-sided east end, which was dendrochronologically dated to 1452. The building history is still unknown. The external structure is divided into four axes by narrow pillars that were added later. The tracery windows with stepped walls were changed in the 19th century. The west wall was renewed, whereby the protruding middle section with stepped portal and plaster panels and the stepped gable protruding over the roof were created. Inside the church is closed by a flat ceiling with two beams on wooden pillars.

Furnishing

The high-quality carved altar dates from the early 16th century and shows an apocalyptic Madonna between John the Baptist and John the Evangelist in the central shrine . The apostles are depicted in the wings; On the outside there are badly damaged paintings of the Annunciation and the Nativity (left), on the right the Visitation and Adoration of the Magi. The predella shows six half-length figures of female saints.

An altar barrier is dated to 1671, a simple baroque pulpit with a sound cover bears the date 1697 on the door. An expressive, strongly moved wooden triumphal cross group was created around 1520/30.

Late Gothic carved figures of Mary with the Child and John the Baptist were made around 1480, a representation of the holy clan presumably of Rhenish / Westphalian origin dates from the beginning of the 16th century.

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Hagenow, Wittenburg, Boizenburg, Lübheen, Dömitz, Grabow, Ludwigslust, Neustadt, Crivitz, Brüel, Warin, Neubukow, Kröpelin and Doberan. Schwerin 1899, (reprint 1993) ISBN 3-910179-14-2 pp. 20-25.
  • Edmund Kreusch: Church history of the Wendenlande. Paderborn 1902, p. 186.
  • Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg. Schwerin 1935, Volume IS 210, Volume II. P. 89.
  • Georg Piltz: Art guide through the GDR. Leipzig, Jena, Berlin 1969, p. 66.
  • Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1973, pp. 91, 94, 140.
  • Gerhard Tonque Lagleder: The order rule of the Johanniter / Maltese. St. Ottilien, 1983.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0163-2 , pp. 397-398.
  • Michael Bunners: The four branches of the Order of St. John in Mecklenburg. Spirituality and Hospitality. In: Yearbook for Mecklenburg Church History. MECKLENBURGIA SACRA. Wismar 2005, ISBN 3-933771-11-0 , pp. 25-68.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Berlin, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-03128-9 , pp. 312-313.
  • Sebastian Jost, Cornelia Neustadt, Jens Amelung: Kraak. Coming S. John the Baptist. In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner : Mecklenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, monasteries, coming and priories (10th / 11th - 16th centuries). Volume I. Rostock 2016 ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 402-418.

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Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • Lhas 1.1-15 marriages no. 2.
    • LHAS 1.5-4 / 17 Church documents Kraak.
    • LHAS 1.10-3 church documents outside Mecklenburg. Reinfeld Monastery.
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights . Commandery Kraak.
    • LHAS 11.11 regesta
  • Brandenburg State Main Archives (BLHA)
    • Rep. 9 documents, trial files.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin, Specialia, Dept. 2. No. 001 Hermes' legacy for house arms at the church in Kraak, 1896. No. 004 Buildings 1760–1994 (with Rostock daily newspaper January 3, 1910 on the altar shrine). No. 005 Casting of the bell of the church in Kraak and the freedom from bells in the parish 1860–1925.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation (LAKD)
    • LAKD, local files archive.
  • Schwerin City Archives
    • Schwerin city book.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Documents from the Comthurei Kraak and the Priory Eixen . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 1 (12), pp. 197-232. ( Digitized version )
  2. ^ Sebastian Joost, Cornelia Neustadt: Kraak. Coming S. Jahannes the Baptist. 2016, p. 403. Founding year / founder.
  3. ^ A b Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: History of the Comthurei Kraak and the Priorei Eixen, Order of St. John . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 1 (1), pp. 1-80. ( Digitized version )
  4. ^ Sebastian Joost, Cornelia Neustadt: Kraak. Coming S. John the Baptist. 2016, p. 408, Dignities and Offices.
  5. ↑ MUB XIX. (1899) No. 19045.
  6. ↑ LHAS 11.11, Regesten No. 2966/2.
  7. ↑ BLHA Rep. 9, city archive Schwerin M 11,743th
  8. ↑ a b Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-03128-9 , pp. 312-313 .
  9. ^ Wolfgang Utecht: Church treasures in the exhibition. SVZ Mecklenburg-Magazin, July 3, 2020, p. 21.

Web links

Commons : Johanniterkirche Kraak  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Printed sources

  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Supplements to the history of the Comthurei Kraak and the Priory Eixen . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 9 (18), pp. 176-178. ( Digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: History of the Comthurei Kraak and the Priorei Eixen, Order of St. John . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 1 (1), pp. 1-80. ( Digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Documents from the Comthurei Kraak and the Priorei Eixen . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 1 (12), pp. 197-232. ( Digitized version )
  • Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: To the history of the Johanniter-Comthurei Kraak . In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Vol. 9 (13), p. 238. ( digitized version )

Coordinates: 53 ° 26 '50.6 "  N , 11 ° 23' 4.2"  E