Johanniterkirche (Sülstorf)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johanniterkirche (view from the south, July 2004)

The Sülstorfer Johanniterkirche is a church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish Sülstorf in the district Ludwigslust-Parchim ( Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ). It belongs to the Wismar Propstei in the Mecklenburg parish of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany .

history

The history of the parish village of Sülatorf is closely linked to the history of the Order of St. John in Mecklenburg. As the seat of this order, the place was of supraregional importance in the Middle Ages. In 1217, Count Gunzelin II (Günzel), Heinrich I von Schwerin and Count Nikolaus von Halland (illegitimate son of King Waldemar II of Denmark, Gunzelin's son-in-law and owner of half the County of Schwerin) together with their wives gave the village of Sülstorf to the Order of St. John ( Szulowe). The properties, like those in Goddin and Eichsen later , were placed under the administration of the Altmark Kommende Werben . At the vigil of the feast of John the Baptist on June 23, 1227, Count Heinrich I von Schwerin gave part of the village of Moraas to the Order of St. John as a gift. He freed the Johanniter from military successes, Bede, castle works, bridge works, land forces and all customary services. The church in Sülsdorf became the mother church of the church at the later seat of the Komtur in Kraak . On February 16, 1228 a chief, the Magister Heinricus de Zulistorp or Frater Henricus de Zulestorp, was named for the first time, the Sülstorfer Kommende, which was under construction. On December 6, 1269 Gunzelin III confirmed. and his son Helmhold III. von Schwerin gave the Order of St. John the possession of the villages in their county.

In the second half of the 13th century there were disputes over brooks and mills between the Johannites zu Sülstorf and the Cistercian monks of the Reinfeld monastery in Holstein , which Count Helmold III. arbitrated on May 8, 1275. In the document, a Commander of Sülstorf, Brother Conrades, was named as Commendator. The last evidence for the existence of the Kommende in Sülstorf comes from November 30, 1292, when it came to the exchange of goods and borders with the Reinfeld monastery.

Between 1275 and 1323 the Johanniter moved to the neighboring Kraak. The move to Kraak was probably the economic importance there and the high number of knights. The Sülstorf sacred building continued to function as a parochial church, whose patron was the Komtur von Kraak. When the Commandery was drawn in during the Reformation , Sülstorf became a Domanialdorf. The parish remained nunmehrige mother church of the parish Sülstorf. But the small Sülstorf church is one of the few medieval church buildings of the Order of St. John in Mecklenburg. In 1729 the parish went up in flames, and church records and church bills were also burned.

Building history

The time when today's church was built is largely unknown. In the literature it is valued differently, dated to the 13th century after the settlement of the order, later the construction of the church was specified in the 14th to 15th centuries and in the last revisions the end of the 14th century is the construction time of the church accepted. In fact, it is difficult to determine the historical structure of the church, as numerous faults and changes in the masonry make it difficult to make a clear statement.

In the years 1775 to 1776 and 1812 extensive renovations were carried out in the church. At the most conspicuous part of the outer south facade, a cumbersome heating chimney was added in 1931 to heat the church, which remained standing after the fire in 1979 and was only removed during the reconstruction from 1981. The preservation officer for monuments of the historical period, Adolf Friedrich Lorenz complained about it to the Mecklenburg-Schwerin Building Authority in 1932 “The execution is a prime example of a building attitude that seems to lack any feeling for an old building and consideration for the preservation of monuments and that of a state building administration should not occur. "

The church from the time it was founded is no longer preserved. On November 26, 1979, a large fire destroyed the wooden bell tower, the entire roof structure, the wooden gallery and the valuable baroque furnishings. The church was rebuilt by 1984 and the insurance paid 235 700 marks. The wooden bell tower was completed in 2001.

Building description

Exterior

In today's nave, which was rebuilt after the fire in 1979, there are still some components from the previous building. The brick building was built on a field stone foundation. It is a small, elongated hall building with a polygonal east end that appears almost round. In the choir polygon there are simply stepped pointed arch windows on four sides, probably from the time of origin. The originally towerless west facade had a stepped pointed arch portal with a round arch panel above. A northern extension was added in the 17th century, and the southern extension is not original either. The entire church was originally divided horizontally below the eaves by a continuous plastered strip of panels, which is no longer uniformly present in the course of the building changes and due to the renewal of the wall crown.

The wooden tower was added to the west gable of the nave in the 17th century. It got its striking appearance for a village church from a vertical, pyramid-like tapering, ie sloping wooden cladding, the wooden clapboard covering of the octagonal tower dome and the tower crowning with ball, weather valve and cross. There were three bells in the tower. Two, including the one cast in 1669, were melted down between 1914 and 1918. The smallest, without an inscription, still available after 1945, fell victim to the 1979 fire. Two new bells from the bell and art foundry Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock in Gescher (North Rhine-Westphalia) now ring the bell.

Interior

The interior is closed by a flat wooden beam ceiling. The walls are divided by two large arched openings on both sides of the nave. The function of these arched openings should probably serve to structure the space. They should not be suitable as preparation for a vault, as the masonry pillars are much too narrow and no traces of a widening of the vault are visible in the arches.

Inside the church, after the fire in 1979, previously unknown frescoes from the 15th century were uncovered on the north wall of the nave and restored. A depiction of the Last Judgment, a cross and a not completely preserved figure of St. Anthony , as a monk father with a shepherd's staff, bells and in a monk's robe, one of the patrons of the order, are clearly recognizable .

The historical interior in the form of a gallery in front of the southern extension, a western gallery, the baroque altar structure and the baroque pulpit, a confessional and parsonage were lost in the 1979 fire. Today there is a medieval winged altar from the broken church in Zweedorf in the church. The carved altar is from the beginning of the 16th century. In the shrine it contains large figures of the Madonna of the Crescent Moon , John the Evangelist and St. George , in the wings there are seven of the previous eight other saints. The predella is painted with half-figures of Christ and the four Latin Fathers of the Church. Until 1928, the furnishings included a wooden baptismal stand from the end of the 17th century, a baroque carving with sweeping acanthus leaves, held in a splendid blue-gold-white and provided with a removable lid. This was sold by Pastor Paul Lippert because the congregation allegedly no longer wanted to tolerate the baptismal stand in its badly neglected state in the church. In 1930, the Crivitz provost Lehnhardt bought the wooden baptismal stand that went with his renaissance pulpit in Crivitz from the antique shop Michaelsen und Schmidt at Friedrichstrasse 14 in Schwerin. The art dealer knew or did not want to say anything about the origin of this sacred object, which came from a Mecklenburg church. After appraisal by the Schwerin pastor Dr. Schmaltz, as an expert for ecclesiastical art and successful restoration, it was first used on March 15, 1931. In the summer of 2012, the Sülstorf parish asked for the baptismal stand that once belonged to their church and that was not burned to be handed over. After almost 85 years, he came back to the Sülstorf Church in 2015.

As a replacement for the lost furnishings, the Sülstorf Church bought the pulpit from the abandoned chapel in Zweedorf on January 2, 1985 for 15,000 marks and the carved altar for 35,600 marks. The baptism was a gift from the Zweedorf parish.

Pastors

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as pastor.

  • 1217 - Brother 0000Heinricus de Zulistorp (Magister Heinrich von Sülstorf).
  • 1275– 0000Kumtur Conradus (Commendator Konrad) mentioned in disputes between the Johanniter zu Sülstorf and the Reinfeld monastery .
  • 1541– 0000Simon Schmidt was a pious, learned man as a church lord .
  • Simon Rösike, Asmus Strübing, Simon Schröder, Johann Gördel and Wolfgang Siegfried followed in quick succession.
  • 1587-1614 Jacobus Pauli.
  • 1614–1658 Joachim Lobeß from Schwerin.
  • 1658–1675 Johann Albert Elvers from Lauenburg.
  • 1675–1689 Jeremias Hesse from Güstrow.
  • 1689–1728 Bernhard Johann Scharfenberg from Rostock.
  • 1728–1750 Christian Sturm from Pomerania.
  • 1750–1766 Karl Ludwig Paschen.
  • 1767–1772 Ernst Leberecht Hermes from Wernigerode.
  • 1772–1780 Carl Christian Brandenburg from Parchim.
  • 1780–1804 Ernst Daniel Wegener from Wismar.
  • 1804–1830 Joachim Ulrich Paschen from Sülstorf.
  • 1831–1864 Johann Gottlieb Friedrich Constantin Heidensleben from Schwerin.
  • 1864–1891 Heinrich Friedrich Gottlob Eberhard from Penzlin.
  • 1891–1926 Albrecht Bernhard Christian Schmidt from Parchim.
  • 1926–1936 Paul Lippert.
  • 1936–1950 Friedrich Hellwig.
  • 1950–1956 Heinrich Baltzer.
  • 1956–1968 Paul-Friedrich Martins.
  • 1968–1973 Udo Kern
  • 1974–1975 Hartwig Grubel, then dismissed from the service of the Mecklenburg regional church.
  • 1976–1984 Bruno Butz.
  • 1988–1992 Gudrun Doege-Klein.
  • 1996–2012 Ulrike von Maltzahn-Schwarz.
  • 2013– 0000Arpard Csaby

Today's parish

In the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Sülstorf are the places Alt Zachun, Boldela, Hasenhäge, Hoort, Neu Zachun, Süstorf with church and Sülte with church. The KG Sülstorf was connected to the KG Pampow on October 1, 2001 . The parish seat is in Sülstorf. On November 29, 2015 merged with Pampow to form KG Pampow-Sülstorf.

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, (reprint 1992) pp. 672-677. ISBN 3-910179-06-1
  • Karl Schmaltz: Church history of Mecklenburg. Schwerin 1935, Volume I., p. 210.
  • Georg Piltz: Art guide through the GDR. Leipzig, Jena, Berlin 1969, p. 64.
  • Horst Ende : Village churches in Mecklenburg. Berlin 1975, p. 99, 147.
  • Gerhard Tonque Lagleder: The order rule of the Jahnniter / Maltese. St. Ottilien, 1983.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. Leipzig 1988 ISBN e-7462-0163-2 pp. 451–452
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000 ISBN 3-422-03081-6 p. 632.
  • ZEBI eV, START eV: Village and town churches in the Wismar-Schwerin parish . Bremen, Rostock 2001, ISBN 3-86108-753-7 , pp. 136-137.
  • Michael Bunners: The four branches of the Order of St. John in Mecklenburg. Spirituality and hospitality. In: Yearbook for Mecklenburg Church History. MECKLENBURGIA SACRA. Wismar 2005 ISBN 3-933771-11-0 , pp. 25-68.
  • Sebastian Joost, Cornelia Neustadt, Jens Amelung: Sülstorf, Coming S. John the Baptist (Ordo Melitensis / Johanniter). In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner : Mecklenburgisches Klosterbuch, manual of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and priories (10th / 11th - 16th centuries). Rostock 2016, Volume II. ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 1092–1105.

swell

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin (LHAS)
    • LHAS 1.10-3 church documents outside Mecklenburg. Reinfeld Monastery.
    • LHAS 5.12-3 / 1 Monasteries and orders of knights. No. 3.
    • LHAS 5.12-7 / 1 Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry for Education, Art, Spiritual and Medical Matters. No. 7885.
  • Brandenburg State Main Archive Potsdam (BLHA)
    • BLHA Rep. 9 B, U 3, U 23, U 65.
  • State Church Archives Schwerin (LKAS)
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin Specialia, No. 696.
    • LKAS, OKR Schwerin Specialia old, No. 276, visitation protocols 1689–1780. No. 287 parish buildings 1729–1922. No. 288 Church buildings, bells, organ 1659–1879. No. 289 Kirchhof 1890–1937.
    • LKAS, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of Finance, Dept. Building Construction, Patronage Buildings. No. 407 Buildings on religious buildings in Sülstorf 1872–1911. Rectory in 1830, sexton's house in 1890, barn in 1910. No. 408 construction drawings and plans. 1911 Dreyer, Kruger. 1912 Pries. 1921 Hebert. 1981 pikeperch.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 230.
  2. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 340.
  3. ↑ a b MUB I. (1863) No. 345, 348.
  4. ↑ MUB II. (1864) No. 1172.
  5. ↑ a b MUB II. (1864) No. 1358.
  6. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 2129.
  7. ^ Fridrich Lisch: Comthurei Kraak. MJB I. (1863) p. 14.
  8. ^ Sebastian Joost, Cornelia Neustadt: Sülstorf. Coming S. John the Baptist. 2916, pp. 1094-1095. History of the Coming to Secularization.
  9. ^ Friedrich Lisch: Comthurei Kraak. MJB I. (1863) p. 12.
  10. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Sülstorf. 1898, p. 673.
  11. ↑ a b Horst Ende: Sülstorf (district of Schwerin). 1975, p. 147.
  12. ^ Georg Dehio: Sülstorf, district Ludwigslust. 2000, p. 632.
  13. ↑ Church burned down in 1979. Allegedly a Soviet soldier smoking in the bell tower caused the fire. The protracted legal process was discontinued. SVZ Schwerin, July 20, 2001.
  14. ↑ The Sülstorf community lost its church. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper, December 9, 1979.
  15. ↑ Mecklenburgische Kirchenzeitung: A burned down church is being rebuilt. November 1, 1981.
  16. ↑ Mecklenburgische Kirchenzeitung: Church tower is rebuilt. May 20, 2001.
  17. ↑ Jens Amelung: Sülstorf. Coming S. John the Baptist. 2016, pp. 1099–1102, description of the individual components.
  18. ↑ Wolfram Keßler: Reconstruction of the tower of the Sülstorf church. Schwerin, January 2001.
  19. ↑ Jens Amelung: Sülstorf. Coming S. Jahannes the Baptist. 2016, p. 1102, description of individual components.
  20. ↑ Jens Amelung: Sülstorf. Coming S. John the Baptist. 2016, pp. 1102-1104. Material cultural history, building equipment.
  21. ^ Contract of January 2, 1985 between KG Zweedorf and KG Sülstorf.
  22. ↑ Gustav Willgeroth : The Mecklenburg-Schwerin Parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Wismar 1925.
  23. ^ Friedrich Schlie: The church village Sülstorf. 1898, pp. 673-674.
  24. ^ Sebastian Joost, Cornelia Neustadt: Sülstorf. Coming S. John the Baptist. 2016, p. 1095, Dignities and Offices.
  25. ^ LKAS, OKR Schwerin Personalia and Examina G 081.

Coordinates: 53 ° 30 ′ 28 ″  N , 11 ° 22 ′ 16 ″  E