Upcoming Süpplingenburg

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Süpplingenburg around 1650 (engraving by Matthäus Merian)
St. Johanniskirche Süpplingenburg

The Kommende Süpplingenburg was a branch of the Order of St. John in Süpplingenburg ( district of Helmstedt , Lower Saxony), which belonged to the Brandenburg Ballei of the Order of St. John. Founded around 1130 as a collegiate monastery, it became a commander of the Knights Templar from around 1170 (first documented in 1245!). After the dissolution of the Knights Templar in 1312, it was formally assigned to the Knights of St. John, who, however, were not actually able to take possession of them until 1357. She remained in command of the Brandenburg Ballistic Order of St. John until 1810, then was crown domain of the Kingdom of Westphalia and was returned in 1814 to the last commander (before 1810), Prince August of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. After his death in 1820, the Kommende became a ducal-Brunswick chamber property.

history

Süpplingenburg Castle on a map from 1764, St. Johannis Church in the center

The Kommende Süpplingenburg, located in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , emerged from one of the 14 castles that were built along the Schunter during the 9th to 12th centuries . It was probably built as a swamp castle by Emperor Otto III in the 10th century . justified. In the 11th century, Count Gebhard sat at the Süpplingenburg Castle , who named himself after this castle. He was the father of Lothar von Süpplingenburg , who was elected German King in 1125 (from 1133 Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire) and was born and raised on the Süpplingenburg. According to older literature, King Lothar transferred the Süpplingenburg to the Knights Templar. According to recent knowledge, King Lothar only founded a collegiate foundation here . In 1130 the foundation stone for the collegiate church St. Johannis was laid on the castle grounds, which was completed in 1140. A provost Heinrich is proven for 1150, who presided over several canons of the collegiate monastery.

The Templar Coming Süpplingenburg

According to current opinion, it was only after his pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1173 that Henry the Lion transferred the Süpplingenburg or the collegiate monastery on the Süpplingenburg to the Knights Templar. The arrival of the Templars is only documented in 1245. In 1301, Commander Friedrich von Alvensleben exchanged all of the Knights Templar's possessions in Ellersel (later deserted) to the Althaldensleben monastery . In the same year he acquired the courts for the village of Süpplingenburg from Duke Albrecht II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg. Within the Knights Templar, the Kommende Süpplingenburg was subordinate to the Preceptor in Alamannia et Sclavia.

On May 7, 1303, Brother Friedrich Sylvester, Preceptor of the Templars in Germany and in Wendland, Johannes called Felix and Heinrich called at the churchyard, both citizens of Brunswick, sold an annual pension of ten marks for a loan of 100  Marks of Braunschweig silver weight and currency from the religious courts of Süpplingenburg and Tempelachim . It was due every year until the Martini loan was repaid. On April 14, 1305, the new Templar Preceptor Friedrich von Alvensleben withdrew the pension of ten silver marks that his predecessor in office had prescribed on May 7, 1303 to Johann Felix and Heinrich vom Kirchhof from the courts of Süpplingenburg and Tempelachim, and transferred it to them instead and against payment of another 50 marks of silver, the tithe and seven hooves to Callem (desolate village).

In 1308, Duke Otto von Braunschweig, as commander of the Kommende Süpplingenburg, confirmed the sale of two Hufen zu Salzdahlum for 32 marks of silver Braunschweiger weight and currency to Gerhard Resen, which the Preceptor Friedrich von Alvensleben had made. The two hooves in Salzdahlum very likely belonged to the Kommende Süpplingenburg.

In 1312 the Knights Templar was banned and dissolved by Pope Clement V. The goods of the Knights Templar were formally transferred to the Knights of St. John, at least in Germany. In addition to the Commander Duke Otto von Braunschweig, only one other friar, named Luther, lived in the Coming at that time. The coming farm yard comprised 20 hooves. In contrast to France, where many Knights Templar were even burned at the stake, the last Templar Comtur, Duke Otto von Braunschweig, kept the commander's office and also the income from the Templars' curia on Bohlweg in Braunschweig. However, in 1314 he had to forego five Hufen in Rethen in favor of the Kreuzkloster in Braunschweig , which the Coming Party had probably wrongly appropriated. Duke Otto von Braunschweig, the last Templar Comtur, can be traced back to Süpplingenburg until 1328. He probably even kept the commander until his death in 1346. After that, Duke Magnus I confiscated the commander. After Sudendorf, he sold Süpplingenburg Castle on December 13, 1347 for 400 marks of Braunschweig silver weight to his cousin Duke Wilhelm II of Lüneburg, but reserved the right to redeem the castle.

Commander of the Knights Templar

  • 1288 Albertus ( dictus de Suppelingheborch )
  • 1301 Friedrich von Alvensleben, 1303 became the Preceptor of the Templar Order in Alamannia et Sclavia .
  • 1303–1345 (–1346) Duke Otto von Braunschweig (son of Duke Albrecht I of Braunschweig), still in 1345 when the inheritance of Duke Otto des Mild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, who died in 1344 , was divided, he is referred to as Komtur von Süpplingenburg died.

The Johanniterkommende Süpplingenburg

Soon after the formal transfer of ownership, the Johanniter set up the coming titular commander for the coming. In 1333, for example, a frater heinricus de zupplingin was named as a witness in a document from the Brandenburg margrave Ludwig . In 1334 he is expressly referred to as brother Heinrich von Cuppelingin de Commendur ; and as a witness in two other documents from Margrave Ludwig. He also appears as a witness in a document from Margrave Ludwig from 1339. However, the Johanniter only came into actual possession of the commander in 1357, when they released Süpplingenburg from Duke Wilhelm II in return for 400 marks of pure Braunschweiger silver weight (quadringentas marcas puri argenti ponderis Bruns) . Since Duke Magnus I still saw himself as the actual owner of Süpplingenburg, the Johanniter also had to obtain his approval to redeem the pledge. Magnus I now confirmed this redemption (or de facto purchase) of Süpplingenburg, but reserved the suzerainty over the coming. In addition, horse services had to be performed by the Kommende, ie in the event of war, armed horses had to be provided. After the Johanniter were finally able to take over the commander in 1357, the Komtur's seat in Süpplingenburg was rebuilt and made the preferred residence of the Preceptor of the Johanniterballei Brandenburg Hermann von Warberg, a nobleman from Braunschweig. Around 1367 he planned a kind of grand commander in Süpplingenburg, to which the Johanniter branches in Braunschweig, Gartow, Goslar, Werben and Wietersheim were to be subordinate or incorporated. It is possible that Süpplingenburg should become the seat of the preceptor (or master master) for Saxony, the Mark, Pomerania and Wendland. Under his successor, these plans were abandoned, the coming Gartow , Werben and Wietersheim remained independent. The branches in Braunschweig and Goslar , however, were downgraded to priories. The St. Johannishof in Braunschweig and the priory in Goslar were subordinated to the Kommende Süpplingenburg.

On November 7, 1372, Komtur Albrecht von Werberg von Süpplingenburg was able to redeem a pledged yard, located behind the St. Sebastian church in Magdeburg, from knight Henning von Steinforde and Heyse, his son, for 100 Mark Brandenburg silver. In 1376 Albrecht von Werberg took part in the chapter meeting in Heimbach. After the division of the Order of St. John into the evangelical branch of the Brandenburg Ballei and the branch that remained Catholic, now known as the Order of Malta, there were repeated disputes about the occupation of the coming party. In 1581, for example, the Catholic headquarters of the Order of Malta tried to appoint a Catholic commander, but he was unable to prevail. During the Thirty Years' War, too, the cast of the Kommende changed several times with a Protestant and Catholic commander.

Epitaph of the commander Christoph von Bredow († 1577) in the choir of St. Johanniskirche
Coat of arms of commander Philipp Friedrich von Weidensee on the west side of the church (originally from a castle gate)

Commander / Commendators

  • 1328, 1339 Gerhard von Bortfeld
  • 1333–1339 Heinrich, titular commander
  • 1340–1356 / 1357 Hermann von Warberg, titular commander, 1355 master master
  • 1357 Rudolph von Sachsenberg / Sassenberg
  • 1358 Rudolf von Omenshausen
  • 1359–1364 Bernhard von der Schulenburg, was commendator of the Kommende Gartow in 1372, 1376 general president of the Brandenburg Ballei (or master master), † after 1392
  • 1367 Ulrich Herr von Regenstein was commendator in Schöneck in 1360
  • 1372–1376 Albrecht von Wereberge / Warberg
  • 1382 Heinrich von Heimburg
  • 1408 to 1409 Anno von Heimburg, was commander in Lagow from 1399 to 1403
  • 1422–1424 Nicolaus von Kolditz, later became Komtur von Tempelhof and after their sale in 1435 Komtur der Kommende Lagow.
  • 1435 Engelke Warburg
  • 1437, 1438, 1448 Curt von Redern, he is captain in Schwiebus in 1449
  • 1449, 1460, 1463-73 Oetranen von Berenfelde
  • 1480–1505 Meineke / Maneke von der Schulenburg (1481: Hermoneke)
  • 1502 (?) Fritz von Schulenburg, a Fritz von Schulenburg was 1468–84 Komtur in Werben
  • (without a date) ? Achim von Holsten (1552–72 Commander in Nemerow)
  • 1535–1551 Mathias Diricke
  • around 1551 Hans von Heringen
  • 1566–1577 Christoph von Bredow † 1577 in Süpplingenburg and buried in the local St. Johannis Church.
  • 1578 (?) - 1591 Antonius von Wereberge, † 1591
  • 1581 Moritz Lesch von Mühlheim, Catholic commander, was unable to prevail
  • 1591 Nicolas von Kolowrath, Lord of Petersberg and Ravenstein, † 1599
  • 1601–1620 Philipp Friedrich von Weidensee
  • 1620–1643 Hans Wolf von der Heyden , colonel and chamberlain from Kurbrandenburg as well as governor of Tangermünde and Burgstall , he had been made a Knight of St. John in 1615, † December 7, 1643
  • 1644–1656 Georg Ehrentreich von Burgsdorff , head stable master and chamberlain as well as colonel and governor of the Küstrin fortress, was beaten in 1626 by the master master at the time, Count von Schwarzenberg, to the knight of St. John, † March 2, 1656 in Küstrin
  • 1658 Christoph Caspar Freiherr von Blumenthal , secret minister of state and war, chamberlain and captain zu Lehnin , provost of the cathedral in Brandenburg an der Havel, heir to Pröttlin , Stavenow , Pretschen and Neuendorf, was made a Knight of St. John on December 10, 1652 by master master Johann Moritz von Nassau beaten, † 1689
  • 1690–1735 Duke Ludwig Rudolph of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , † March 1, 1735 in Braunschweig
  • 1735–1737 Erdmann Freiherr von Stein, was knighted on March 19, 1696
  • 1737–1788 Duke Ludwig Ernst of Braunschweig , was knighted on October 26, 1735, Knight of the Order of St. John
  • 1788–1790 Friedrich Otto Leopold Reichsgraf von Finckenstein (born September 16, 1717), colonel and adjutant general, heir to Trebbichow near Crossen, † November 16, 1790
  • 1790–1810, 1814–1820 Prince August of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (born August 18, 1770), lives in Nordheim in Hanover, introduced on 16/17. October 1790, † 1820

tenant

The Kommende was mostly leased from the beginning of the 18th century and remained on lease even after it became Kammergut.

  • 1723–1727 bailiff Jacob Deneken
  • 1727–1739 bailiff Lüders
  • 1739–1741 under the direct administration of the commendator
  • 1741–1778 Julius Deneke
  • 1778–1796 Magistrate Maximilian Cleve, son-in-law of Julius Deneke
  • 1796–1814 Kamlah Councilor
  • 1814–1817 economist Georg Ludwig Ernst
  • 1818–1848 Hartwig Cleve, son of Maximilian Cleve
  • 1848–1880 Amtsrat Cleve, son of Hartwig Cleve
  • 1887–1915 Magistrate August Cleve
  • 1915–1928 Heinrich Korfes
  • 1928–1965 August Wolters

The village of Groß Steinum also belonged to the Johanniterkommende Süpplingenburg . In 1765 the estate of the Kommende Süpplingenburg had 744 acres of fields, 164 acres of meadows, 14.5 acres of gardens and 55 acres of ponds, for a total of 977.5 acres. In 1943 the size is given as 314 ha. In 1880, after the separation, the domain was 1252 acres in size. At the end of the 18th century the income of those coming to Büsching is said to have been around 2,000 thalers a year, compared to 3,400 thalers according to Krünitz.

Domain Süpplingenburg

In 1807 the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel was incorporated into the newly created Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia . In 1810 the property of the Kommende Süpplingenburg was nationalized and transferred as a domain to the Order of the Westphalian Crown , which was donated by Jérôme Bonaparte (King Hieronymus I), Napoleon's brother and only king of the short-lived Kingdom of Westphalia. With the award of the order an annual allowance was connected, which was paid from the income of the order domains. With the dissolution of the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1813 and the establishment of the Duchy of Braunschweig in 1814, the Kommende was returned to the previous commander, Duke August von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, with the affiliation of the Schickelsheim district . After his death in 1820, the Kommende Süpplingenburg became a ducal chamber property. It remained a state domain until 1965.

buildings

The church of the collegiate monastery, the Templars and the later Johanniterkommende is a three-aisled, originally flat-roofed pillar basilica with a transept (each with an apse) and a choir with a straight east end. A special feature is the vault of the southern arm of the transept. On the vault ribs, four relief crosses form a cross , one of the Templars' symbols of the order. In the middle of the 13th century it was vaulted by the Templars. An original passage crypt was filled in by them.

In 1615 the commandery building burned down. The Commander-in-Chief Philipp Friedrich von Weidensee and his wife were only able to save themselves from the burning commandery building by abseiling on a rope from a window.

supporting documents

literature

  • Roxane Berwinkel: Süpplingenburg - Johanniter. In: Josef Dolle (ed.) (With the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer): Lower Saxony monastery book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810. Part 3 Marienthal to Zeven. P. 461–463, Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2012 (in the following abbreviated Berwinkel, Süpplingenburg - Johanniter with corresponding pages)
  • Johann Friedrich Danneil : The sex of von der Schulenburg, Volume 2. 779 S., Salzwedel, Commissioned by JD Schmidt, 1847 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Danneil, sex of von der Schulenburg, 2, with corresponding page number)
  • Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the formation of residences in the Brandenburg ballot, the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527 . In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. , Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History [9], also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF ), pp. 271–337, ISBN 978-3-86732-140- 2 (hereinafter abbreviated to Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) with the corresponding page number)
  • Ludwig Haenselmann: Document book of the city of Braunschweig. 2nd volume MXXI-MCCCXX. I-XVIII, 749 S., A. Schwetschke und Sohn, Braunschweig 1900 (in the following abbreviated, Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Volume 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Nicolaus C. Heutger: The Templars then and now: for the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of the Templar Order in Germany . Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2007. ISBN 978-3-86732-017-7
  • Helmut Lüpke, Winfried Irgang (edit.): Documents and regesta on the history of the Templar order in the area of ​​the diocese of Cammin and the church province of Gniezno. 96 p., Böhlau, Köln & Wien, 1987 (in the following abbreviated Lüpke, documents and regesta with corresponding page number)
  • Hermann Sudendorf: Document book on the history of the dukes of Braunschweig and Lüneburg. Part 3 (from 1357 to 1369). 299 S., Hannover, Carl Rümpler, 1862 (hereinafter abbreviated Sudendorf, document book with corresponding page number) Online at Google Books .
  • Manfred Weber: The Süpplingenburger village chronicle. 420 S., Bod, Norderstedt, 2002 ISBN 978-3-8311-4513-3 (in the following abbreviated Weber, Süpplingenburger Dorfchronik with corresponding page number)
  • Adolf Wilhelm Ernst von Winterfeld: History of the knightly order of St. Johannis from the hospital in Jerusalem: with special consideration of the Brandenburg ballot or the masterclass of Sonnenburg. XVI, 896 S., Berlin, Berendt, 1859 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated, Winterfeld, history of the knightly order with corresponding page number)

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel : Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis . Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special national history, Volume 6. 502 S., Berlin, Morin 1846 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated CDB A 6, with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 8th volume. 506 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated CDB A 8, with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 17th volume, The Altmark continuation. 516 S., Berlin, Reimer 1859 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 17, with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis A. First main part or collection of documents on the history of spiritual foundations, noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, 25th volume. 500 S., Berlin, Reimer 1856 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 17, with the corresponding certificate number and page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ CDB, A 17, Certificate No. XV (= 15), p.47 / 8. Online at Google Books
  2. ↑ a b Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, vol. 2, p. 266. Online at archive.org
  3. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, p. 287. Online at archive.org
  4. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, p. 333. Online at archive.org
  5. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, p. 416. Online at archive.org
  6. ↑ Lüpke, Urkunden und Regesten, p. 62, document number 65.
  7. ↑ CDB, A 25, document number XXVI (= 26), p.16. Online at Google Books
  8. ↑ CDB, A 8, document no. CCIX (= 209), p. 243 Online at Google Books
  9. ↑ CDB, A 25, document number XVI (= 16), p.277 / 8. Online at Google Books
  10. ↑ CDB, A 25, document number XIX (= 19), pages 280/81. Online at Google Books
  11. ↑ CDB, A 17, document no. LVI (= 56), p.491 / 92. Online at Google Books
  12. ^ A b Sudendorf, Urkundenbuch, p. 31 Online at Google Books
  13. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 311.
  14. ↑ a b CDB, A6, document no. LX (= 60), p. 41 Online at Google Books
  15. ↑ Schunder, Johanniterordenshaus Wiesenfeld, p. 342.
  16. ↑ a b c d Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 335.
  17. ↑ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 309.
  18. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 312.
  19. ↑ CDB, A 25, document number CXXVII (= 127), p.71 / 2. Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ Julius Justus Gebhardi: The great Caland connected with the Matthäus-Stifft to the H. Geist. Or historical news from the S. Matthai Foundation in Braunschweig, both after its establishment under the Temple Order, as the following conditions with the Knights of St. John, and the current status under the Calands Brotherhood. 178 p., Ludolph Schröder's widow, Braunschweig 1739 Online at Google Books
  21. ↑ Rainer Szczesiak, Christian Gahlbeck: The comers of the Johanniter Mirow, Gardow and Nemerow in the Stargard rule in southern Mecklenburg. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. S. 204–247, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , p. 229.
  22. ^ Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 320.
  23. ^ Gaby Huch, Wolfgang Ribbe: Regesta of the documents on the history of Berlin / Cölln in the Middle Ages (1237 to 1499). With supplements for the period from 1500 to 1815 (=  series of publications by the Berlin State Archives . Volume 13 ). Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-8305-1579-1 , p. 629 , top left ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  24. ↑ a b Julius Justus Gebhardi: The great Caland associated with the Matthäus-Stifft on the H. Geist. Or historical news from the S. Matthai Foundation in Braunschweig, both after its establishment under the Temple Order, as the following conditions with the Knights of St. John, and the current status under the Calands Brotherhood. 178 p., Ludolph Schröder's widow, Braunschweig 1739 Online at Google Books
  25. ^ Carl Brecht: The village of Tempelhof. In: Writings of the Association for the History of the City of Berlin. Booklet XV. Berlin 1878 Online at Google Books , p. 21.
  26. ↑ CDB, A6, Urk.LXXIX (= 79), p. 54. Online at Google Books
  27. ↑ CDB, A 6, document no. CDV (= 405), p.245 Online at Google Books
  28. ↑ CDB, A6, Urk.LXXXIV (= 84), p. 59. Online at Google Books
  29. ↑ CDB, A6, Urk.LXXXV (= 85), p. 60. Online at Google Books
  30. ↑ CDB, A6, Urk.LXXXVI (= 86), p. 62. Online at Google Books
  31. ↑ a b CDB, A6, Urk.LXXXVIII (= 88), p. 63. Online at Google Books
  32. ↑ CDB, A6, Urk.LXXXVII (= 87), p. 62. Online at Google Books
  33. ↑ CDB, A6, document no. XCI (= 91), p. 64. Online at Google Books
  34. ↑ CDB, A6, Document No. XCIII (= 93), p. 66/7. Online at Google Books
  35. ↑ CDB, A6, document no. XCIX (= 99), p. 70. Online at Google Books
  36. ^ Danneil, The sex of the von der Schulenburg, Vol. 2, p. 127 Online at Google Books .
  37. ↑ Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 781.
  38. ↑ Leopold von Ledebur: Die Johanniter-Ritter als Friedensstifter, Wochenblatt der Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 2: S. 139-140, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books
  39. ^ A b Justus Christoph Dithmar: Genealogical-historical message from the master masters of the knightly order of St. John in the Marck / Saxony / Pomerania and Wendland velvet of the current master master Printz Carln, Printzen in Prussia Königl. Highness, election and installation, as well as those under the highest government on August 16 and September 20, 1731 in the same way as the knights' blows that happened on October 26, 1735 and their knight coats of arms and ancestral panels. Jeremias Hartmann, Frankfurt (Oder), 1735 Online at Google Books
  40. ↑ Walter Gerd Rödel: The Great Priory Germany of the Order of St. John in the transition from the Middle Ages to the Reformation . 484 pp., Wienand Verlag, Cologne, 1972, p. 438.
  41. ↑ Anonymous: The Templars and Johanniter in the city of Braunschweig. Weekly newspaper of the Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 26: 297-300, Berlin 1883.
  42. ↑ Berliner Revue, Volume 11, p. 407. Online at Google Books
  43. ↑ a b Berliner Revue, Volume 11, p. 408. Online at Google Books
  44. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1796. 330 pp. Berlin, George Decker, 1796 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek digital (p.29)
  45. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1808. 528 p., With an appendix of 125 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1804 Online at Google Books (p. 26)
  46. ^ Johann Georg Friedrich Jakobi: New collection of geographical-historical-statistical writings, 6th volume. Weißenburg im Nordgau, 1787. Online at Google Books (p. 35)
  47. ^ A b Weber, Süpplingenburger Dorfchronik, p. 45 Preview on Google Books
  48. ↑ Johann Georg Krünitz: Economic Encyclopedia, or general system of state, city, house u. Landwirthschaft , Volume 30 (Ing to Ir), 810 p., Joachim Pauli, Berlin 1784 Online at Google Books (p. 675)

Web links

Coordinates: 52 ° 15 '  N , 10 ° 54'  E