Templar coming temples

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The Templerkommende Tempelachim was a branch of the Templar Order in today's Tempelhof settlement in the municipality of Schladen-Werla in the Wolfenbüttel district (Lower Saxony). Property was sold to the Templars for the first time in 1213. Further goods followed until 1289, so that a commander and a temple courtyard were built. In 1303 a commander is mentioned who proves the existence of a commander. After the dissolution of the Knights Templar in 1312 by Pope Clement V , the Templar property should actually be transferred to the Knights of St. John. Bishop Albrecht I of Halberstadt moved in the Coming Temple and his successor Albrecht II had the church fortified. It was stormed and decongested by the citizens of Brunswick in 1338 . Tempelhof remained in the possession of the Halberstadt Monastery (from 1648 Principality of Halberstadt) and was part of the Hornburg office .

location

From the Templars' branch ( Tempelhof ) near the village of Achim , today's Tempelhof district of the municipality of Schladen-Werla (district of Wolfenbüttel) emerged. It is located about two and a half kilometers northwest of Hornburg and four and a half kilometers northeast of Schladen . In the map of the Templar settlements in Germany published by Marie-Luise Heckmann in 2014, Tempelachim is not listed or has probably been erroneously moved to Achim on the Weser in the Verden district .

history

According to Bernd Ulrich Hucker, the Kommende in Tempelhof is said to have been promoted or initiated by Emperor Otto IV (1198 to 1218 or 1208 to 1211). In 1213 they acquired real estate there for the first time as provost Walter and the convent of the Dorstadt monastery to the Templars who sold villula Ricmiderode in Steinfeld near Achim. The transaction received the permission of Bishop Hartbert von Hildesheim and the approval of Count Heinrich von Schladen and Bailiff Dietrich von Flöthe, who waive their rights. The new court of the Templars was very soon called Tempelachim (or Tempel-Achim), the villula Ricmiderode was not mentioned again afterwards. In 1257, the Templars received another hoof in Tempelachim and half a hoof in Oster-Achim (= Achim) from Burkhard von Querfurt. From the inheritance of her first husband Siegfried von Lichtenberg, Margarete von Kranichfeld donated two hooves to the Templar Order in Osterachim in 1261 , this was confirmed by Bishop Volrad von Halberstadt. In 1263, Bishop Volrad also left the tithe in (Easter) Achim. In 1289 the Templars bought the Abbenrode cloister courtyard of the Wöltingerode monastery for 70  silver marks and assigned it to the commander of Tempelachim.

On May 7, 1303, Brother Friedrich Sylvester, Preceptor of the Templars in Germany and in Wendland, sold an annual pension of ten marks from the courtyards of Süpplingenburg and Tempelachim to a Johannes called Felix and to a Heinrich called bei Kirchhof, both citizens of Brunswick, against a loan of 100 marks of Braunschweiger silver weight and currency . The pension was due each year until the Martini loan was repaid.

On April 14, 1305, the new Templar Preceptor Friedrich von Alvensleben withdrew the pension of ten silver marks that his predecessor had prescribed on May 7, 1303 to Johann Felix and Heinrich vom Kirchhof from the courts of Süpplingenburg and Tempelachim, and instead transferred and to them against payment of another 50 marks of silver the tithe and seven hooves to Callem ( desert ).

Pope Clement V decreed in his two bulls from 1312, in which he announced the dissolution of the Templar order, that the Templar goods should be handed over to the Johanniter. Transferring or taking possession of the property turned out to be very difficult for Johanniter in many cases. In October 1317, the Provincial Chapter of the Johanniter Order Province of Alemania , who met in Frankfurt am Main , commissioned Paolo da Modena , who came from Italy, to “claim the former Templar estates from the Archbishop of Magdeburg, the Bishop of Halberstadt, the former Templars and other spiritual and secular persons . “This decision states quite clearly that up to this point in time (last quarter of 1317) it had not yet been possible to take over the goods of the dissolved Knights Templar in the Diocese of Halberstadt .

The Kommende Tempelachim had drafted Bishop Albrecht I of Halberstadt (1304-1324) and incorporated Hornburg into his office . Bishop Albrecht II (1325–1358) did not publish the former Templar Coming (anymore) either. The affiliation of Tempelachim to the office of Hornburg is attested for 1334 in any case. It was probably also Bishop Albrecht II who had the church fortified. In the years before / until 1338 apparently (or allegedly?) Halberstadt followers used the fortified courtyard and the church as a base for raids in the Braunschweig area. The Braunschweiger conquered the castle-like fortified church in 1338 and "loosened" it; it was apparently largely destroyed in the process. Thereupon Bishop Albrecht II of Halberstadt sued the city of Braunschweig. In the dispute even Pope Benedict XII tried . to convey.

The Grand Prior of the Johanniter in Germany Conrad von Brunsberg received permission from the General Chapter in Avignon in 1366 to pay off debts of the order, which Brother Hugo von Werdenberg had made for the upper Ballei ( superior provincia sive Bacilia Alamanniae ), which became Ballei Sachsen, Mark , Wendland and Pomerania belonging goods Tempelburg, Schöneck, Lagow and Aka for sale with the permission of the master master of the Brandenburg ballot. While the upcoming Tempelburg , Lagow and Schöneck can be clearly identified, the interpretation of Aka is difficult. The city of Aken (Elbe) is out of the question, because the local commandery was a Teutonic commandery. Aachen is also out of the question, as the city was of course not part of the Saxony, Mark, Wendland and Pomeranian Ballei. Leopold von Ledebur therefore tried to identify Aka with Achim or Tempel-Achim. So far this work has been overlooked in the subsequent literature.

A sale of the Templar Coming Temple in 1366 would allow the Johanniter to have come into the possession of the former Templar Coming after the death of Bishop Albrecht II († 1358) and to have sold them quickly afterwards (see the Coming Quanthof or the former Templar Coming Braunschweig ), or at least the rights to the Coming Party could be bought. No certificate has been received for such a sale. The three first-mentioned Johanniter-Kommenden were ultimately not sold in 1366, so it is more likely that the Kommende Aka was not sold either. An alternative interpretation for Aka would be the Coming Zachan , which would also fit better into the area frame given by the three other Coming ones.

It is also possible to consider the possibility that the Templar high master ( praeceptor ) Friedrich von Alvensleben sold the Kommende Tempelachim to the Bishop of Halberstadt before the Templar order was dissolved. In 1306 he sold the Tempelhof in Halberstadt with its accessories to four von Freckleben brothers. Pope Clement V decreed in his bull of May 2, 1312 that only those goods should be transferred to the Order of St. John that the Knights Templar still owned in October 1308. A sale should have taken place before October 1308. Due to the lack of documents, this possibility remains pure speculation.

The Coming Tempelachim was a great possession of the Templars. In 1928 when it was merged with the city of Hornburg, the Tempelhof estate comprised 600 hectares as well as Abbenrode, a distant place.

Commander / Commendators

  • 1303 Fredhericus de Meyghendorp, commander
  • 1306 Heinrich von Benstede, commander in Achim

building

Nothing has been preserved above ground from the buildings of the former Templar settlement Tempelachim . In 1339 the church is mentioned, which was stormed by Brunswick citizens in 1338. It had been attached a few years earlier. It is described in the documents as castle-like with a tower. It is said to have hardly been recognizable as a church. Heutger connects a castle wall south of today's living space on the Ochsenweide with the fortified courtyard of the Templars. He also calls a hallway Tempelfeld at Tempelhof. Today's small settlement Tempelhof does not necessarily have to have been located exactly on the site of the Templerhof. There is also a Bronze Age fortification near Tempelhof.

supporting documents

literature

  • Ludwig Haenselmann: Document book of the city of Braunschweig. 2nd volume MXXI-MCCCXX. I-XVIII, 749 S., A. Schwetschke und Sohn, Braunschweig 1900 (in the following abbreviated, Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Marie-Luise Heckmann: Fecit pulsare campanas ... military service and piety of German Templars from the perspective of their benefactors. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. S., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History [9], also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF ), P. 91–119, ISBN 978-3-86732- 140-2 (in the following abbreviated to Heckmann, Kriegsdienste und Pömmigkeit deutscher Templer with corresponding page number)
  • Nicolaus Heutger: The Templars then and now: on the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of the Templar Order in Germany. 225 pp., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin, 2007 preview on Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Heutger, Templar gentlemen with corresponding page number)
  • Joe Labonde: The Templars in Germany. An investigation into the historically inherited legacy of the Knights Templar in Germany. 451 pp., Bernardus, Mainz 2010. ISBN 978-3-8107-0088-9 , p. 10.
  • Leopold von Ledebur: The Templars and their possessions in the Prussian State, A contribution to the history and statistics of the order. III. The province of Saxony. General Archive for the History of the Prussian State, Volume 16, 242–268, Berlin, Posen, Bromberg, 1835 Online at archive.org (hereinafter abbreviated to Ledebur, Templars with corresponding page number)
  • Ferdinand Wilcke: History of the Order of Templars: together with a report on its relations with the Freemasons and the newer Paris Templars. Volume 2, 2nd revised and improved edition, Schwetschke'scher Verlage, Halle, 1860 Online at Google Books
  • Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Hochstift Halberstadt and its bishops: Volume 2. 1236-1303. 671 p., Hirzel, Leipzig 1884 (hereinafter abbreviated to deed book Hochstift Halberstadt, vol. 2, with corresponding page number)
  • Michael Schüpferling: The Templar Order in Germany. 264 p., J. Kirsch, Bamberg 1915 (Dissertation philos. Faculty of the University of Friborg in Switzerland) p. 93

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In the course of the reorganization of the Salzgitter area on August 1, 1941, the Hornburg office was separated from the Prussian province of Saxony and assigned to the Brunswick district of Wolfenbüttel .
  2. ↑ Heckmann, Kriegsdienste und Pömmigkeit deutscher Templer, map p. 96/97.
  3. ↑ Bernd Ulrich Hucker: Otto IV .: the rediscovered emperor; a biography . 676 pp., Insel-Verlag, Berlin & Frankfurt am Main, 2003 ISBN 3-458-34257-5 , p. 384 snippets from Google Books
  4. ↑ Document book Hochstift Halberstadt, Volume 2, p. 247, Document No. 1028 Online at archive.org
  5. ↑ Document book Hochstift Halberstadt, Volume 2, p. 276, Document No. 1076 Online at archive.org
  6. ↑ Heutger, Tempelherren, p. 81 preview at Google Books
  7. ↑ a b Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, vol. 2, p. 266. Online at archive.org
  8. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2, p. 287. Online at archive.org
  9. ^ Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the residence formation in the Brandenburg ballot of the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history of the Knights' order of the Knights Templar and Johanniter in northeast Germany and Poland. Pp. 271–337, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, at the same time: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 302
  10. ↑ a b c d Uwe Ohainski: Tempelhof - Templer. In: Josef Dolle (Ed.) With collabor. by Dennis Kniehauer: Lower Saxon Monastery Book: Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810. Part 3. Marienthal to Zeven. Pp. 1409–1410, Verl. Für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2012 ISBN 978-3-89534-959-1
  11. ^ Historical sources of the Province of Saxony and the Free State of Anhalt, Volume 21, self-published by the Landesgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle, 1886 snippets from Google Books
  12. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 3, P. 461ff. Online at TU Braunschweig
  13. ↑ Brigide Schwarz: Regest of the Papal documents handed down in Lower Saxony and Bremen: 1198 - 1503. 673 S., Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1993 ISBN 978-3-7752-5861-6 Snippets at Google Books (p. 203)
  14. ^ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, Vol. 3, p. 482. Online at TU Braunschweig
  15. ↑ Leopold von Ledebur: The Johanniter Ordenshaus Aka. Weekly newspaper of the Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 2 (14): 64, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books
  16. ↑ Ernst Herbst: The Coming Aken
  17. ^ Friedrich Schlemm: History of Freemasonry in Halberstadt. 134 pp., Dölle, Halberstadt 1846. Online at Google Books p. 14
  18. ↑ Braunschweiger Urkundenbuch, vol. 3, p. 462, line 17. Online at TU Braunschweig
  19. ^ Fortifications / castles In: Geodata portal Lower Saxony

Coordinates: 52 ° 3 '  N , 10 ° 35'  E