Halberstadt Monastery

The articles Hochstift Halberstadt and Diocese Halberstadt overlap thematically. Help me to better differentiate or merge the articles (→  instructions ) . To do this, take part in the relevant redundancy discussion . Please remove this module only after the redundancy has been completely processed and do not forget to include the relevant entry on the redundancy discussion page{{ Done | 1 = ~~~~}}to mark. Schibo ( discussion ) 22:07, Jul 27, 2020 (CEST)

Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Halberstadt Monastery
coat of arms
map
The Principality of Halberstadt, which emerged from the Halberstadt Monastery around 1750
Arose from	Formed from the Duchy of Saxony in 1180
Form of rule	Electoral principality / corporate state , from 1648: principality
Ruler / government	Prince-Bishop , Administrator or vacant : Cathedral Chapter , from 1648: Prince
Today's region / s	DE-ST
Reichskreis	Lower Saxony
Capitals / residences	Halberstadt , Groeningen
Dynasties	1648: Brandenburg-Prussia
Denomination / Religions	Roman Catholic until the Reformation , then Evangelical Lutheran
Language / n	German
Incorporated into	1807/10: Kgr Westphalen 1815: Prussia

Halberstadt Cathedral

Reconstruction of the destroyed episcopal residence in Gröningen (situation after 1600)

The Halberstadt Monastery (804 to 1648) was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire . It belonged to the Lower Saxon Empire and was the territorial property of the Halberstadt diocese . The Peace of Westphalia transformed the Halberstadt bishopric in 1648 into the secular principality of Halberstadt under the Elector of Brandenburg . From 1701 the Prussian kings carried the title "Prince of Halberstadt".

history

middle Ages

After thirty years of campaigns, Charlemagne founded a diocese in 804, initially in Seligenstadt (today Osterwieck ). In a document dated September 2, 814, his successor, Ludwig the Pious , confirmed Bishop Hildegrim von Chalons the episcopal rights for Halberstadt .

Hildegrim was also the first head of the Halberstadt church. His new diocese reached in the north to the Aller and Ohre , in the east to the Elbe and Saale , in the west to the Oker , in the southwest to the area of Unstrut , Helme and Wipper and in the south to Merseburg and Zeitz . The region owes its economic and cultural boom to this mission alone. Otto I's plans to move the diocese to Magdeburg initially failed; later Halberstadt lost the eastern part of its diocese to the Archdiocese of Magdeburg .

• 

  Halberstadt Monastery around 1250

• 

  Halberstadt Monastery around 1400

From Heinrich III. The Halberstadt diocese received numerous count rights, which were used in the immediate vicinity to build up their own territory. From 1036 to 1059 Burchard , the former Chancellor of Konrad II , was Bishop of Halberstadt. He was followed by Burchard II , a nephew of the Archbishop of Cologne , Anno II , who was a supporter of Hildebrand, who later became Pope Gregory VII , and thus supported the election of Alexander II , which is why he got into serious conflicts with Emperor Heinrich IV .

In 1479 Ernst von Magdeburg became an administrator - a personal union that was not broken until 1566 when Bishop Heinrich Julius took office . He became the first non-Catholic bishop of Halberstadt. From 1535 onwards, the bishops converted and expanded the castle in Gröningen into one of the most important Renaissance castles in the region in the form of a four-wing complex and made it their residence. The castle, which came into the possession of the bishops in 1363, was previously occupied by ministerials.

Anna Landmann was in 1597 under the reign of Bishop Heinrich Julius the last victim of the witch hunt in Hornburg , which was subordinate to the Halberstadt diocese.

reformation

In 1521 the Reformation began in the imperial territory , which was not without consequences for the Halberstadt diocese. Around 1540 the citizens bought freedom of religion from the Archbishop of Magdeburg. By 1549 the towns, villages and the knighthood of the diocese had converted to the Lutheran creed. Only the cathedral chapter, the monasteries and the monasteries remained in the Catholic denomination. In 1566, however, the cathedral chapter first elected an officially Protestant bishop, Heinrich Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , after his predecessor Sigismund von Brandenburg had already supported the Reformation. Nonetheless, it achieved biconfessionality, i.e. the peaceful coexistence of the Catholic and Lutheran denominations. The choice was not confirmed by the Pope. There were public debates about Heinrich Julius' inauguration in 1578 . The reign of Heinrich Julius and his Protestant successors was marked by the conflict between the Catholic chapter and the bishop. During the Thirty Years' War , Emperor Ferdinand II and the Catholic imperial princes issued the Edict of Restitution in 1629 , whereby all Protestant bishoprics, imperial monasteries and monasteries were to be recatholized. The emperor had his younger son Archduke Leopold Wilhelm elected Archbishop of Magdeburg and Bishop of Halberstadt, he also received four other bishoprics in the empire and was in office until the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.

secularization

Due to the complex situation, the diocese remained bi-denominational until 1648. In that year the Diocese of Halberstadt was secularized and its territory was united as the Principality of Halberstadt with the Electorate of Brandenburg . The remaining Catholics went up in 1669 in the Apostolic Vicariate of the North .

Expansion and organization

In the small secular territory of the bishop, a sovereign civil service developed in the 13th century, which ousted the feudal officials. An episcopal council consisting of clergy and laypeople has been known since 1339, and the chancellor had been in charge of it since the end of the 15th century. In addition to the treasurer for finances, a canon governor appeared for the first time in 1377, who was responsible for the episcopal military affairs.

Just as the spiritual area was divided into archdeaconates, so the secular area was divided into offices and bailiffs.

See also

• Halberstadt Cathedral Chapter
• List of the bishops of Halberstadt
• Teltow War and Magdeburg War (around 1240)

swell

• Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt bishopric and its bishops. Vol. 1: Until 1236 , Leipzig 1883 ( digitized ).
• Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt bishopric and its bishops. Vol. 2: 1236-1303 , Leipzig 1884 ( digitized version ).
• Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt bishopric and its bishops. Vol. 3: 1303-1361 , Leipzig 1887 ( digitized version ).
• Gustav Schmidt (Ed.): Document book of the Halberstadt bishopric and its bishops. Vol. 4: 1362-1425 , Leipzig 1889 ( digitized version ).
• Gerrit Deutschländer, Ralf Lusiardi , Andreas Ranft (eds.): Document book of the Halberstadt Monastery and its bishops. Vol. 5: 1426–1513 , Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-412-22282-6 .

literature

• Christoph Bethmann: Episcopi Halberstadenses . Conrad Horn, Wolfenbüttel 1563 ( digitized version )
• Uwe Grieme: On the informative value of diocese chronicles and bishops' catalogs of the Halberstadt diocese in the high and late Middle Ages. , Concilium Medii Aevi 3 (2000), pp. 185-203 ( PDF ).
• Wolfgang Neugebauer : The stands in Magdeburg, Halberstadt and Minden in the 17th and 18th centuries. In: Peter Baumgart (Hrsg.): Estates and state formation in Brandenburg-Prussia. Results of an international conference. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1983 (publications of the Historical Commission in Berlin, vol. 55), ISBN 3-11-009517-3 , pp. 170–207; doi: 10.1515 / 9783110859515-012 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dörthe Gruttmann: The limits of Lutheran confessionalization. The Halberstadt bishopric under the postulated bishop Heinrich Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1566-1613) , in: Yearbook for the History of Central and Eastern Germany , Volume 57 (2011), pp. 1–36 ( doi: 10.1515 / 9783110236651.1 ).