Ears
The Ohre is an orographic left tributary of the Elbe about 103 kilometers long .
River course
The ear forms in a lowland of water-bearing streams in the Lower Saxony district of Gifhorn . The area is not far from the border with Saxony-Anhalt and is around six kilometers southeast of Wittingen . Until about the beginning of the 20th century, their source was on a farm in Ohrdorf . The place name refers to the river. As a result of a lowering of the groundwater , the Ohre now forms in a meadow area between Ohrdorf and Haselhorst, where twelve water-bearing ditches flow together over the first three kilometers of the stream. From there, the Ohre leads in a south-easterly direction as a natural border between Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt into the Lower Saxony Brome . River meanders have been preserved shortly before the site . Since rare species of flora and fauna can be found there, the nature reserves “ Ohreaue ”, “ Obere Ohre / Landwehr von Rade ”, “ Mittlere Ohreaue ” and “ Ohreaue bei Altendorf and Brome ” were established. In 1979, two lakes were created in Brome in the area of the river's floodplain, which are fed by the river. The upper lake has an area of 1.7 ha, the lower lake is 3 ha. The water areas represent a biotope area and form a smaller local recreation area . Above all, they are used for flood protection in Brome, since floods with ice drifts previously caused greater damage in the place. After Brome, the Ohre leaves Lower Saxony and flows into the area of Saxony-Anhalt. The upper course of the river ends at Jahrstedt , where it enters the Drömling wetland . It flows through the area for about 29 kilometers in a south-easterly direction. The lower course of the river begins at Calvörde . In earlier times it served to protect Calvörde Castle with several river arms . It then touches the northern edge of the Magdeburg Börde and at the same time forms the border with the Altmark to the north . The Ohre flows through the Börde district via Haldensleben to Wolmirstedt and flows into the Elbe at Rogätz .
Historical description
- Samuel Walther 1737 in: Magdeburgische Merckworthiness Part VII. Under the subtitle: True clock jump and running of the Ohra river, including the Drömling .
- "This river has its source in a Baur house in Ohrdorf ..."
- “The water is fresh and light, but it takes on a different color at the end of the Drömling up to the Elbe. Until then the river is still pretty weak, but bigger than the 2nd stream, and it flows pretty quickly. "
Drömling flow
The Ohre flows through the middle of the 300 square kilometer Drömling . It formed after the last ice age as a large wetland with fens . Until it was drained in the 18th century, the almost outflow-free basin was an inaccessible swamp area fed by everyone and ears , which has always been a ethnic border between east and west due to its impassability. According to the reports by Samuel Walther from 1737, the Ohre in the Drömling originally did not have a solid river bed. In the Drömling there is a very low watershed between the Weser and Elbe .
The ear was regulated in the Drömling towards the end of the 18th century under Prussian rule, together with the drainage of the area. In 1770, the Prussian King Frederick the Great learned of the plight of the Drömlingsdörfer with the floods. He ordered that the eastern part of the Drömling belonging to Prussia be made arable for colonists . In 1780 Prussia began with the surveying work, in 1783 with the drainage with around 3000 workers. A 29 km long river bed was dug for the Ohre, which flows diffusely through the Drömling. Chessboard-like channels and ditches were built throughout the area, and bridges and dams were built. In 1796 the drainage work was completed after 13 years of activity. In this way, around 300 km² of land was reclaimed. Numerous colonies such as Breiteiche , Dannefeld , Etingen and Jerchel were established in the country.
To ensure the preservation of the landscape, the state government of Saxony-Anhalt created the Drömling Nature Park in 1990 and the largest nature reserve in Saxony-Anhalt, Ohre-Drömling, in 2005 .
Ears in the nature reserve near Wendischbrome
Ohre im Drömling near Oebisfelde-Buchhorst
The Deutsches Eck not far from the Kämkerhorst , where the Friedrichskanal flows into the Ohre on the left
Ears in the Drömling
Hydraulic engineering and use
The maintenance of the river in Lower Saxony is carried out by the Ohre entertainment association, which was founded in 1961 and is based in Gifhorn . The foundation of the association was necessary after the Wall was built in 1961 and the subsequent expansion of the inner-German border . Thereafter, the GDR neglected the water management of the border river, since border security had priority over flood protection . In the area of the district Gifhorn is all-ear Federation responsible for water management.
On the territory of the former GDR waters of the ear was from 1966 to pastures in Hanum rained out . For this purpose, the LPG Philipp Müller dug a ditch so that water from the border river could flow eastwards. When a storage pond was excavated, old sources of the Ohre were exposed, which delivered 100 m³ (27.8 l / s) of spring water per hour.
Others
From the Drömling to the confluence with the Elbe Valley, the Ohre uses the Breslau-Magdeburg-Bremen glacial valley . However, it flows against the original direction of flow of the glacial valley (east to west) from west to east. Therefore, starting from its mouth, it cut its way back into the old valley floor.
From Oebisfelde-Buchhorst to Glindenberg , the Mittelland Canal uses the Ohre valley and runs parallel to it.
By the 13th century it already flowed into what was then Elbarm near Wolmirstedt.
Individual evidence
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part I 2014. (PDF) State Office for Flood Protection and Water Management Saxony-Anhalt, p. 218 , accessed on November 3, 2018 (from: lhw.sachsen-anhalt.de).
literature
- Fritz Boldhaus: Die Ohre: A hike through the natural and cultural space of a remarkable river . 1st edition. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-554-3 , p. 96 .
Web links
- Map display of the ears at openstreetmap.org