Zasenbeck

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Zasenbeck
City of Wittingen
Zasenbeck coat of arms
Coordinates: 52 ° 40 ′ 25 ″  N , 10 ° 51 ′ 10 ″  E
Height : 79  (73-93)  m
Area : 6.98 km²
Residents : 312  (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density : 45 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 1, 1974
Incorporated into: Ohrdorf
Postal code : 29378
Area code : 05836
map
Location of Zasenbeck in Wittingen
Village view

Zasenbeck is a district of the city of Wittingen in the Gifhorn district in Lower Saxony . It is located on the state border with Saxony-Anhalt and on federal highway 244 between the places Brome and Wittingen.

geography

The demarcation lies on the slightly curved valley sand surface of the Ohretal between the ears and the rafts. The village extends with its core on a flat spur protruding into the ear area. The ear , around 500 meters away, marked the inner-German border here . In 2010 the village had a total of 373 inhabitants, 111 households, 17 commercial and one agricultural operation.

history

Place name

The meaning of the place name emerges from the variants in old documents, for example Sasbeke (1330/52), Tom Tzasbeke (1450 Winsener Treasure Register ), Sasßbecke (1488) and Sasembecke (1600). The main component of the name sas is derived from the verb sassen = to settle or the noun sasz , so that Sas-em-Becke , ie Zasenbeck , means “settlement on the brook”.

Early history, the Middle Ages, the modern age

Zasenbeck in the Electorate of Hanover from 1779

Neolithic and partly Bronze Age finds in the area indicate early settlement. Zasenbeck is one of the Beke settlements of the older clearing period (5th – 8th centuries AD). The place developed early on into a dead end or anger village with only one exit to the west in the direction of the Postweg , which is still called Wittingen Feldweg today and Brome connects. As the adjacent map excerpt from the Kurhanover land survey of 1779 shows, for example, only footpaths led to the neighboring villages of Hanum and Ohrdorf .

In 1303 Zasenbeck is mentioned for the first time in the fiefdom register of the dukes of Braunschweig, when a third line of those of the Knesebeck acquired three parts of the village as a ducal fiefdom from Duke Otto the Strict of Lüneburg. The stone church, consecrated to St. John, can be traced back to 1305 using church records. It is definitely older and dates from the 12th to 13th centuries. Tower and half-timbering are from 1821.

In 1534, during the Reformation , Zasenbeck was separated from Wittingen and raised to an independent parish . A farm was converted into a vicarage. The first Lutheran clergyman there was called Hinrich Pinsul. In 1636 and 1638, during the Thirty Years' War , Saxon horsemen robbed the church. In 1644 Swedish horsemen ruined the parish office.

19th century

From 1315 to 1859 Zasenbeck belonged to the Knesebeck office , which the dukes had developed into an administrative center in the Principality of Lüneburg in the 14th century . This long period was only interrupted from 1810 to 1813 when, during the short Napoleonic period, the Kingdom of Westphalia under King Jérôme Bonaparte , Napoléon 's youngest brother, Zasenbeck was assigned to the canton Wittingen, initially part of the Niederelbe department . In the course of the coupling in 1842/53, the roads to the neighboring villages of Plastau, Ohrdorf and Hanum were built. As a result, Zasenbeck lost the character of a pure cul-de-sac village .

On July 1, 1859, the offices of Knesebeck and Isenhagen were combined to form the office of Isenhagen. On April 1, 1885, when the Prussian district constitution was introduced, the Isenhagen and Gifhorn districts emerged, and Zasenbeck has been part of the Isenhagen district for almost 50 years. Due to the district reform of 1932, the two districts were merged again on April 1, 1933 to form the Gifhorn district.

In 1866, after the end of the German War , Prussia annexed the Kingdom of Hanover . Zasenbeck was now in the province of Hanover : the Guelphs had become Prussians . The ear formed the border to the province of Saxony .

On the Hudefläche between Zasenbeck and Plastau - the area still bears the hall named "Nachtweide" - guarded village shepherd the cattle of the villagers. They lived in two shepherds' houses. When the Hude lost its importance, one of these houses, which was opposite the rectory and next to the rectory widow's house, was converted into a one-classroom school with an integrated teacher's apartment. The teacher and cantor Friedrich Meyer, known as “Küster Meyer”, lived and taught there from 1869 to 1913, with an average of 70 children each.

Until 1894 the deceased were buried within the village around the church. The cemetery on the road to Plastau was laid out in 1895 and enclosed with a hawthorn hedge and hawthorn trees. The paths bordered linden trees.

After the small railway line Wittingen-Oebisfelde also ran via Zasenbeck from 1909 , the place became a railway junction on October 1, 1911. The then Kleinbahn-AG Bismark-Gardelegen-Wittingen opened a 16-kilometer branch to Rohrberg , where the line connected to the Diesdorf - Beetzendorf line of the same company. Zasenbeck had two platforms and was a transfer station.

Opened in 1913, Julius Stammer in Zasenbeck a grocery store with an attached bakery. In 1933 a hurricane caused the Zasenbeck windmill, which was already mentioned in the Knesebeck estate register in 1670 and which was clearly recognizable on the Kurhannovsky regional survey of 1779, to collapse. It had a very eventful history behind it. Often it changed hands, it burned down several times, on January 28, 1852 even by arson. With the insured sum paid out, the miller had a new one built. The fraud, however, was exposed and the miller ended up in prison for several years. His wife ran the mill alone while he was in detention. Finally the mill came into the possession of the Santelmann family in 1862 and remained there for three generations. After the collapse, it was not rebuilt.

20th century

Former Zasenbeck windmill with the house of the miller and miller couple - photo around 1900

In World War I, eleven soldiers from Zasenbeck lost their lives. The Second World War claimed 51 victims, including dead and missing.

Towards the end of the Second World War, an increasing number of Allied bomber squadrons flew over the village on their way from England to the targets in the German Reich. On February 20, 1944, at night about 400 meters from the village, on the road to Plastau, a British Avro Lancaster bomber that had been shot down by a night fighter crashed . The bombs destined for Leipzig exploded in the open. The crew of seven perished. The dead were initially buried in the village cemetery, but soon after the end of the war they were reburied in the Hanover War Cemetery near Hanover.

More and more people who had been bombed out from the cities and those who were expelled from their homeland from the east were accepted into Zasenbeck. Within a short time the population doubled from 311 in 1939. Many of them moved on in the course of time, others stayed and found their new home here.

On the night of April 16-17, 1945, US tanks first appeared in the village. Roadblocks were erected on a 40-kilometer front line from Wittingen via Ohrdorf, Zasenbeck, Jübar and Lüdelsen to intercept the 45th Clausewitz Panzer Division on its move from the north towards the Harz Mountains , where it was to unite with the 11th Army . From now on, US units kept appearing in the village, evacuating the residents of larger houses and occupying them during longer stays. One day several tanks fired west from the road to Wittingen. One of the projectiles hit the Santelmann farm, 1.4 kilometers outside the village, and destroyed the roof of the barn. From April 20 to 27, 1945 a US medical unit was stationed in Zasenbeck.

Inner German border between Zasenbeck and Hanum. Around 1960

As a result of the Yalta Declaration , which provided for the division into zones of occupation, the Americans withdrew from the areas conquered as far as the Elbe. The British took their place in Zasenbeck and from July 1, 1945 guarded the border to the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ). From then on, free access to the neighboring village of Hanum was blocked. From October 1946, four German police officers initially supported the British in monitoring the border. With the re-establishment of the customs border guard in 1947, the British handed over the border control to other German authorities. In Zasenbeck, a customs border station was set up on Diersschen Hof. When the Cold War made the inner German border more and more impermeable, the Federal Border Guard took over the border protection in 1951 .

The railway line to Rohrberg was closed in 1945 as a result of the division of Germany. On the Wittingen – Oebisfelde line, after the war, trains only ran to Rühren , as Oebisfelde (now Saxony-Anhalt) was also separated when it was divided. Passenger traffic on the Wittingen-Rühren section was discontinued in 1974; thus no more passenger trains stopped in Zasenbeck. On January 6, 1990, after almost 45 years of separation, the road to Hanum was reopened to traffic.

post war period

Dorfstrasse north facing east
Zasenbeck - In the corner

From 1928 to 1950 Zasenbeck formed a community with Plastau. On June 1, 1965, this was again incorporated into the Schneflingen integrated community, which was formed on June 15, 1963 and is based in Teschendorf.

In 1955, the Protestant community celebrated the 650th anniversary of St. John's Church in the presence of Regional Bishop Hanns Lilje . In the same year, the one-classroom school was replaced by a new building at the village exit to Plastau with now two classrooms. The village community center (DGH) has been located here since May 1995, and primary school students attend the school in Radenbeck, three kilometers away . The old one-class school was demolished in 1972.

On March 1, 1974, Zasenbeck was incorporated into the municipality of Ohrdorf. Just one month later, on April 1, 1974, Ohrdorf was incorporated into the city of Wittingen.

Economic change

From ancient times, agriculture and livestock farming were the only and most important livelihoods for most of the villagers. Subordinate to the two branches of business there was a mill (until 1933) and a dairy. Several small arable farmers whose arable land was insufficient or insufficient for a livelihood were dependent on secondary income from trade, handicrafts and services. Around 1950 there were still three innkeepers in Zasenbeck, a grocer, a baker, a blacksmith, a wheelwright, a carpenter, a carpentry with a sawmill, a bricklayer, a tailor, two shoemakers and the employees of the Kleinbahn (until 1945).

As a result of the rapid and steady growth of the Volkswagen factory after 1945 in Wolfsburg, 33 kilometers away, and the profound structural change in agriculture, more and more villagers first gave up their sideline and then agriculture in favor of better and more profitable work at the VW factory. In 1939 78% of the workforce was still employed in agriculture and in 1961 52%, in 2010 there was only one farm in the village. All of the above-mentioned part-time businesses have also disappeared. The former farming village of Zasenbeck has become a community for commuters . The economic change that was decisively caused by the Volkswagen plant is particularly evident in the many new buildings and renovations of the houses.

Linguistic change

Until the end of the Second World War, Low German (Platt or Plattdüütsch) was still the dominant colloquial language for most of the residents of the village. High German was heard on the radio and among the strangers who came to the village. You read it in the newspaper and talked to the pastor and the teacher. With very few exceptions, the children learned Low German as their mother tongue. Standard German was only taught to them at school, more or less as a foreign language.

Towards the end of the Second World War, this situation changed abruptly with the large influx and integration of refugees from the bombed cities and lost eastern regions. Their children all spoke High German. The local children continued to use Plattin among each other, but spoke in High German with the newcomers. At the same time, native parents began to speak High German with their small children more and more frequently, and Low German increasingly lost its importance as a mother tongue. These children now spoke High German, but also easily understood Platt.

In 2010 there were only around thirty active speakers in Zasenbeck, exclusively older, for whom Low German was their mother tongue.

Population development

year Residents
1821 213
1848 266
1871 341
1885 317
1905 312
1925 387
1933 341
1939 311
1950 565
1961 422
1970 362
1971 365
2010 373
2013 332

politics

Mayor is Karl-Heinz Gauert.

coat of arms

In the coat of arms, the gold-colored oak leaf refers to the many oaks in the village, the silver, meandering ribbon on the ears, and the golden ploughshare to agriculture, which formerly formed the economic basis of this farming village.

Culture and sights

The Zasenbeck Church
  • The townscape is characterized by the carefully and lavishly renovated Romanesque stone church from 1305. In 1999 the stone church was completely renovated.
  • In addition, numerous centuries-old oaks and two-story farmhouses on both sides of the village street contribute to the attractive impression of the village.

In the competition of the district of Gifhorn “ Our village should become more beautiful ”, Zasenbeck received the second prize several times, and in 2002 even the first prize.

literature

  • Bernhard Tielbörger: A chat about the Zasenbeck-Plastau home parlor . In: District calendar for Gifhorn-Isenhagen. 1972, pp. 60-62
  • Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). Reprint from: Community descriptions for the Gifhorn district. 1975
  • Johann Jakob Brammer: As a pastor in Zasenbeck and Brome. Memories of the years 1913 to 1920. Bromer writings on folklore. Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-936722-00-5
  • Theo Bosse: Mills - 120 mill stories. District of Gifhorn - Wolfsburg - Hasenwinkel. Schlütersche publishing house and printing house, Hanover 1991, ISBN 3-9802817-0-1
  • ZASENBECK City of Wittingen. Ev. Church. In: Georg Dehio : Handbook of German Art Monuments . Bremen Lower Saxony. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-422-03022-0 , page 1428

Web links

Commons : Zasenbeck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population figures and area from wittingen.de (PDF file, 34 KB, last accessed on May 9, 2017)
  2. ↑ Population figures from wittingen.de (PDF file, 34 KB, last accessed on August 27, 2019)
  3. ^ A b Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). 1975, p. 943
  4. ↑ Statistics of the district of Gifhorn (PDF file; 1.0 MB)
  5. ^ The Winsener Treasure Register, Ed. Th Meyer, Lüneburg 1891
  6. ↑ http://woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB/?sigle=DWB&mode=Vernetzung&hitlist=&patternlist=&lemid=GS02136
  7. ^ A b Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). 1975, p. 944
  8. ^ Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). 1975, p. 948
  9. ↑ a b From the Zasenbeck parish chronicle. In: District calendar for Gifhorn-Isenhagen. 1937, pp. 47-48
  10. ^ Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district) . 1975, p. 947
  11. ↑ H. Behrens: From the life of an old Heideschulmeister. In: District calendar for Gifhorn-Isenhagen. 1935, pp. 57-58
  12. ^ Johann Jakob Brammer: As a pastor in Zasenbeck and Brome . P. 11
  13. ^ Johann Jakob Brammer: As a pastor in Zasenbeck and Brome . P. 17
  14. ↑ Theo Bosse: Mills - 120 mill stories. District of Gifhorn - Wolfsburg - Hasenwinkel. 1991, pp. 120-121
  15. ↑ Information on the bombing raids on Leipzig , accessed on February 12, 2011
  16. ^ Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). Statistical Appendix, 1975
  17. ↑ Complete reprint of the book: Ways of the tanks. P. 313 (English), accessed on February 12, 2011
  18. ↑ Activity report of the 75th US Medical Battalion. P. 2 (English), accessed on February 12, 2011
  19. ↑ a b c Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 227 .
  20. ^ Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). 1975, p. 946
  21. ^ Edeltraut Hundertmark: Zasenbeck (Gifhorn district). Statistical Appendix, 1975
  22. ↑ Population figures in Wittingen 2013 (PDF), accessed on May 22, 2016
  23. ↑ Mayor of the city of Wittingen
  24. ^ Church photo , accessed February 15, 2011