Johanniterkommende Zachan

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Johanniterkommende Zachan was a branch of the Order of St. John in Zachan in the Saatziger district in Pomerania , (today Suchań ), in the powiat Stargardzki of the Polish West Pomeranian Voivodeship . It was built before 1269 and was sold in 1545.

location

Zachan (Suchań) is located about 21 kilometers southeast of the city of Stargard (until 2015 Stargard Szczeciński). State road 10 ( droga krajowa 10 ) Stettin - Bromberg leads through the village .

history

On August 12, 1269, Duke Barnim I of Pomerania, the abbot of the Kolbatz monastery and other Pomeranian nobles were excommunicated by Bishop Albertus Magnus of Regensburg, at the behest of Pope Clement IV , because they had alienated a number of goods in Pomerania from the Johannites , including Zachan. The ban was confirmed again on April 16, 1270. However, it seems to have been a pledge. Zachan was originally dinner for the Pomeranian dukes. In the Pomeranian division of 1295, Zachan was awarded with accessories of the Wolgast line. At that time it was still regarded as a ducal property, but at that time it was in the possession of the Johanniter as pledge. Soon afterwards Zachan the Johanniter must have been handed over to hereditary fief, as the document of June 6, 1312 shows. According to this certificate, the Zachaner Kommendator Helperich von Rodinghen (Helferich von Rüdigheim) was also the highest master (General Preceptor) of the Order of St. John in Germany. At that time he gave the commander von Liebschau and Schlawe Johann von Rochow the permission to sell the church in Moyzelin to the church in Kolberg (today Kołobrzeg ). The certificate also proves that Zachan was originally owned by the Knights of St. John, and that it did not come from the Knights of St. John.

In 1318 Georg von Kerkow was commander in Zachan. In 1322 he was already commander in Nemerow . In a document dated October 9, 1320, which the General Preceptor of the Johanniter Gerhard von Bortfeld issued in Zachan, he is no longer mentioned. Ledebur concludes from this that Bortfeld himself was commander in Zachan, possibly even until 1341. In the deed, Bortfeld gave his consent to the sale of the village of Bantow (soon after the sale) by Conrad von Dorstadt, commander of the Kommende Liebschau and Schlawe the Swenzonen Peter of Neuchâtel . The assumption of Ledebur is not correct, however, because in documents from 1326 and 1327, Ludolf von Hokenbek, another commander for Zachan, is named. In 1345 Jan von Neyndorff was Commendure tu Zochghan. He is mentioned again in 1355 as the commander of Zachan.

The Grand Prior of the Johanniter in Germany Conrad von Brunsberg received permission from the General Chapter in Avignon in 1366 to pay off debts of the order, which Brother Hugo von Werdenberg had made for the upper Ballei ( superior provincia sive Bacilia Alamanniae ), which became Ballei Sachsen, Mark , Wendland and Pomerania belonging goods Tempelburg, Schöneck, Lagow and Aka for sale with the permission of the master master of the Brandenburg ballot. While the upcoming Tempelburg , Lagow and Schöneck can be clearly identified, the interpretation of Aka is difficult. Leopold von Ledebur tried to identify Aka with the Templar coming Achim or Tempel-Achim . However, this is not the case. An alternative interpretation for Aka would be the Coming Zachan, which would also fit better into the area frame given by the three other Coming ones. The Coming Schöneck in Pomerellen was actually sold to the Teutonic Order in 1370, while no buyers were found for the other Coming ones. From around the middle of the 14th century, the Kommende Zachan became the housewife of the Pomeranian noble family von Güntersberg. From 1359 to 1409, with Dietrich, Henning, Mathias, Nickel and Reimar, five members of this sex can be identified as commendators.

In 1487, Duke Bogislaw X. issued a loan letter to the Johannites about Zachan, the castle with the fore bridge, the court, the Niedermühle and Obermühle and the town.

From 1495 to at least 1527, Tessen von Kleist officiated as commander in Zachan. He was counted with his coming to the Pomeranian estates and had to put 5 men on horseback in case of war. We found him for the last time at the chapter of the order in Friedland on January 20, 1527. So far no information about the following years up to 1545 has been found.

On October 1, 1544, the Johanniterordenskapitel in Sonnenburg decided to sell the Kommende Zachan. The master master at the time, Joachim von Arnim, gave commanders Andreas von Schlieben auf Lagow and Balthasar von Marwitz von Wildenbruch the power to enter into sales negotiations with the Pomeranian dukes.

On January 25, 1545 the master master Joachim von Arnim acknowledged the receipt of 24,000 guilders for the Coming Zachan, which Margrave Johann had paid them. The Coming Zachan was hereditary sold to the Pomeranian court marshal and knight of the holy grave Wolf von Borck. However, it remained a fiefdom of the Johanniterballei Brandenburg. A religious house in Frankfurt an der Oder was bought with the proceeds. Debt negotiations with Margrave Johann were also started. Margrave Johann is said to have taken the purchase money and paid interest to the Johanniter. The sale of the upcoming was apparently not without controversy; Master Master Joachim von Arnim resigned from his office on April 19, 1545 after criticism, probably from the Grand Prior.

In 1551 Wolf von Borck sold the town of Zachan to the dukes Barnim and Philipp von Pommern for 8,000 thalers. Apparently the dukes could not raise the agreed amount immediately, and Wolf von Borck had to sue them. In 1552 he finally sold the former Kommende Zachan to Duke Barnim IX. from Pomerania-Stettin for 24,000 thalers. The coming Zachan was transferred to the Saatzig office for administration. In 1646, Zachan Castle was the widow's seat of Hedwig , the widow of Ulrich von Pomerania and Bishop of Cammin .

In 1653, Upper Pomerania became part of Brandenburg and Elector Friedrich Wilhelm awarded Zachan with the villages of Zadelow ( Sadłowo ) and Groß Schlatikow ( Słodkowo ) to his Upper President and Privy Councilor Otto von Schwerin . After his death in 1679, Zachan fell to his son Moritz Friedrich Freiherr von Schwerin. He was married to Sophie Hedwig Freiin von Mardefeld, daughter of the Swedish Field Marshal Conrad Mardefelt . She was the widow of Heinrich Hallard called Elliot , who had died in 1681. After the death of Moritz Friedrich Freiherr von Schwerin, she probably married Lieutenant General Johann Georg von Tettau in 1706 . Her third husband died in 1713, she herself on September 27, 1733 in Berlin, 1709 sold Sophie Hedwig Freiin von Mardefeld and Johann Georg von Tettau Zachan for 20,000 thalers to the Pomeranian estates, which made it subordinate to the Saatzig office; soon afterwards it was transferred to the Dölitz office .

The Zachan Vorwerk was 1658 acres in size around 1800 and was separated from the town's field mark as early as 1808. It was initially leased, but this brought little income. The domain treasury parceled out the Vorwerk in the years 1828 to 1831. A total of 184 people acquired land from this parceling mass. With that, the last major economic unit, the Coming Zachan, was dissolved.

Commendators and Priorities

  • 1312 Helperich von Rodinghen (Helferich von Rüdigheim), was also commander in Rüdigheim
  • 1318 Georgius von Kerkow, 1322 Komtur in Nemerow
  • 1320? Gerhard von Bortfeld
  • 1326, 1327 Ludolf von Hokenbek, 1324 to 1328 Commander in Stargard (Stargard Szezeciński) in Pomerania
  • 1345, 1355 Jan von Neyndorff
  • 1359, 1360 Diderick / Dietrich von Güntersberg
  • † 1361 Bertram, Prior, was 1352 Prior and Pastor in Stargard (Stargard Szezeciński) in Pomerania
  • 1364, 1371 Matthias von Güntersberg
  • 1361 Johannes, prior, probably 1364, 1368 pastor in Stargard
  • 1376, 1386 Henning von Güntersberg
  • 1405 Nickel from Güntersberg
  • 1409 Reimar von Güntersberg, also master master
  • 1419 to 1428 Nickel von Tierbach, then Komtur in Wildenbruch
  • 1435, 1438, 1440, 1442 Hans von Güntersberg
  • 1490, 1493, 1498, 1500, 1511, 1526, 1527 Tessen von Kleist

literature

  • Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Duchy of Pomerania and the Principality of Rügen. Contains a description of the state of these countries in the second half of the 19th century. Volume 4, Part 2. Verlag von W. Dietze, Anklam & F. Hendeß, Stargard an der Ihna, 1868 (hereinafter abbreviated to Bergmann, Landbuch with corresponding page number)
  • Christian Gahlbeck: Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk). On the question of the residence formation in the Brandenburg ballot of the Johanniter from 1312 to 1527. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (eds.): Regionality and transfer history of the Knightly Order Coming of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. Pp. 271–337, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History [9], also: Volume 4 of the "Writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF") ISBN 978-3-86732-140- 2 (hereinafter abbreviated to Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk) with the corresponding page number)
  • Marie-Luise Heckmann: Fecit pulsare campanas ... military service and piety of German Templars from the perspective of their benefactors. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. S., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF ), P. 91–119, ISBN 978-3-86732-140- 2 (in the following abbreviated Heckmann, Kriegsdienste und Piety with corresponding page number)
  • Karl Kletke: Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae. The documents on the history of Neumark and the state of Sternberg. given in excerpts. 2nd division. Märkische Forschungen, Volume 13, Ernst & Korn, Berlin, 1876 (hereinafter abbreviated to Kletke, Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae, Volume 13 with the corresponding page number)

Source editions

  • Adolph Friedrich Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis. Collection of documents, chronicles and other sources for the history of the Mark Brandenburg and its rulers. A. First main part or collection of documents for local and special national history, Volume 6. 502 S., Berlin, Morin 1846 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated CDB A 6, with corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolph Friedrich Johann Riedel: Codex diplomaticus Brandenburgensis or collection of documents for the history of the spiritual foundations, the noble families, as well as the towns and castles of the Mark Brandenburg, A. First main part, 19th volume, Die Neumark (continuation). 504 S., Berlin, Reimer 1860 Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to CDB A 19, with the corresponding document number and page number)
  • Adolf Wilhelm Ernst von Winterfeld: History of the knightly order of St. Johannis from the hospital in Jerusalem: with special consideration of the Brandenburg ballot or the masterclass of Sonnenburg. XVI, 896 S., Berlin, Berendt, 1859 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated, Winterfeld, history of the knightly order with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Leopold Freiherr von Ledebur: The former Johanniter order Comthurei Zachan. Johanniter-Ordensblatt: Official monthly of the Balley Brandenburg, 1 (39 = October 2, 1861): 171–172, Berlin 1861. Online at Google Books
  2. ↑ Leopold von Ledebur: The Johanniter Ordenshaus Aka. Weekly newspaper of the Johanniter-Ordens-Balley Brandenburg, 2 (14): 64, Berlin 1861 Online at Google Books
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Gahlbeck, Lagow (Łagów) or Sonnenburg (Słońsk), p. 317.
  4. ^ Bergmann, Landbuch, p. 410. Online at Google Books
  5. ↑ a b Bergmann, Landbuch, p. 411/12. Online at Google Books
  6. ↑ Kletke, Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae, Vol. 13, p. 116 Online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Kletke, Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae, Vol. 13, p. 118 Online at Google Books
  8. ↑ a b Kletke, Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae, Vol. 13, p. 499 Online at Google Books
  9. ↑ Kletke, Regesta Historiae Neomarchicae, Vol. 13, p. 177 Online at Google Books
  10. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: Sale of Commandery Zachan to Duke Barnim X. of Pomerania; 1552
  11. ↑ Heinrich Reimer: Hessian document book 2nd division. Document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. 2nd volume. Publications from the K. Prussian State Archives, 69: 1–959, Verlag von S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1892, Urk.Nr.203, S.193 Online at archive.org .
  12. ↑ CDB, A 19, Document No. VIII (= 8), p. 128. Online at Google Books
  13. ^ A b Agnieszka Lindenhayn-Fiedorowicz: Johannitisches Patronat and urban architecture. The St. Mary's Church in Stargard (Stargard Szezeciński) in Pomerania. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. S.248–270, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, NF) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , p. 269
  14. Jump up ↑ Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz: Origines Guelficae quibus Ottonis, quem puerum vulgo dicimus, primi Brunsvicensium et Luneburgensium ducis. vita, fata et eximiae virtutis enarrantur ... , Volume 4, 588 pp., Heinrich Ernst Christopher Schlueter, Hannover, 1753 Online at Google Books (p. 504, document no. 39).
  15. ↑ Heckmann, Kriegsdienste und Pömmigkeit, p. 111.
  16. ↑ Heckmann, Kriegsdienst und Piety, p. 110.
  17. ^ Carl Brecht: The village of Tempelhof. In: Writings of the Association for the History of the City of Berlin. Booklet XV. Berlin 1878 Online at Google Books , p. 21.
  18. ↑ CDB, A 6, document no. CDV (= 405), p. 245 Online at Google Books
  19. ^ Christian Gahlbeck: A ball becomes evangelical. Self-assertion and change of the Johanniter-Ballei Brandenburg in the time of the Reformation and the beginning of absolutism. In: Enno Bünz, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Klaus Neitmann (eds.): Reformations on site: Christian faith and denominational culture in Brandenburg and Saxony in the 16th century. Pp. 106-134, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2017, p. 113.
  20. ↑ Winterfeld, History of the Knightly Order, p. 769 Online at Google Books .

Coordinates: 53 ° 17 '  N , 15 ° 19'  E