Halberstadt coming to the Templars

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Templar Coming Halberstadt was a branch of the Templar Order in Halberstadt ( Saxony-Anhalt ). In 1192 the Templars moved into what would later become known as the Burchardi Monastery outside the city gates. In 1208 they exchanged with the Cistercian Sisters of St. Jacobi in the city in front of the Breite Tor. The Tempelhof with its considerable accessories was finally sold in 1306 by the Grand Master at the time, Friedrich von Alvensleben, to four von Freckleben brothers, before the Templar order was dissolved (1312), who then sold individual parts of the Templar property in the following decades.

location

The Tempelhof and originally the Jacobi Hospital in Halberstadt to by a charter of 1208 near the wide gate situated within the walls next to the Jakobikirche have. Friedrich Schlemm located it in 1846 in place of the Westesches Haus . According to Klamer Wilhelm Frantz (1853), the knight's courtyard is said to have been on the site of the former Martinsgymnasium . Neither the Westesches Haus nor the Martinsgymnasium could so far be localized more precisely. Since the location in front of the Breite Tor is clear, the Tempelhof must be located in the Breite Weg, presumably on the southern side of the road, as the vineyard connected here and the Templars owned this area. According to Klamer Wilhelm Frantz, the Ritterstrasse in Halberstadt is said to have got its name after the Templars. Karl Ludwig Zschiesche (1895) finally locates the Tempelhof at Breiteweg 69–71 . Since 1895, however, the census in the Breite Weg has changed completely.

history

The founding of the Templerkommende in Halberstadt goes back to the initiative of Bishop Theoderich (or Dietrich) von Halberstadt. Between 1186 and 1191 he tried to set up a Premonstratensian monastery in the later so-called Burchardi monastery near the Thomaskirche in front of the gates of the city of Halberstadt. He also received papal confirmation for its foundation in 1192; however, it failed. The reasons for the failure to establish a Premonstratensian monastery here are not known. In 1192 the Templars moved into the existing buildings.

Presumably as early as 1199 a nunnery was formed at the Jakobikirche and the Jakobihospiz. It is very likely that the following Halberstadt bishop Konrad (1201–1209) introduced the Cistercian constitution in this convent in his inaugural year 1201. As a partisan of Philip of Swabia , he was drawn into the disputes about the German royal throne at the time and was replaced by Pope Innocent III. banned from church. To break the ban, he vowed a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. On his journey there, he met the army of the Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) in Venice , which he joined. The crusade did not end in the Holy Land, but with the conquest of Constantinople . Bishop Konrad traveled on to the Holy Land. It is not known whether he actually got as far as Jerusalem . But he stayed in Tire for a long time . On his return in August 1208 he brought many valuable relics with him, mostly loot from Constantinople. Bishop Konrad found that the Jakobikloster, located in front of the Breite Tor within the city on the busy east-west street, was an unsuitable location for a Cistercian convent. In 1208 he initiated an exchange of properties. The Cistercian convent received the Burchardikirche or the former Thomaskirche, the Templars received the Jakobikirche and -hospital at the broad gate (today broad way). The other possessions of the two ecclesiastical institutions remained unaffected. The nuns practically took the St. James patronage with them to the new location of their monastery, because later the name Jakobikloster also prevailed for the new location.

In the following years, however, there were disputes between the Cistercians or their provosts and the Templars over goods on the Langensteiner Felde, in Neindorf and on the little river Holzemme. They were settled in such a way that the nuns remained in possession of the goods, but had to pay the Templars 20 marks in compensation. The quarrel that followed shortly thereafter is said to have ended in a divine judgment. Goswin, the provost of the nunnery, accused the Templars of illegally taking various ecclesiastical and secular objects with them when they left their previous establishment. However, the defendants denied the charge but were ready for a divine judgment. On July 14, 1214, the provost is said to have carried glowing iron from the altar of Saint Stephen through the nave of the cathedral to the Marien Altar. When he was unharmed, the Templars are said to have admitted their guilt and returned the items. However, the certificate is considered a forgery. In the following years the Templars expanded their property within the city walls in the direction of Sack and Weingarten.

According to Klamer Wilhelm Frantz, the Templars coming to Halberstadt are said to have owned properties in Hornburg, Ermsleben, Konradsburg, Schadeleben and Groß Quenstedt. While Hornburg certainly means the Templar Coming Temple , and the possession of the Templars is documented in Groß Quenstedt, the possession in Ermsleben , Konradsburg and Schadeleben remain unrecorded. There is also no documentary evidence of Lenz's statement that the Templars are said to have built the church in Groß Quenstedt in 1250.

In 1235, Bishop Friedrich II von Halberstadt donated tithes in various villages to the Diesdorf monastery . Among the witnesses is a frater Luderus domus militie templi. He was very likely the master / commander of the Halberstadt Tempelhof.

In 1257 Werner von Schermke sold two hooves in Klein Quenstedt for 60 silver marks to the Knights Templar. In 1294 Komtur Johann von Cedow (?) Bought two farms in Klein Quenstedt.

In 1297 the brothers Betemann, Siegfried, Gebhard and Heinrich von Hoym sold a hoof and a word in Erckstedt (Wüstung), which they had borrowed from Count von Regenstein and then lent to Johann von Kreyendorp, to Bertram, the Preceptor of the Templars in Lower Germany by Esebeck.

At the beginning of the 14th century the Knights Templar got into financial difficulties in Germany. On April 26, 1306, Friedrich von Alvensleben sold the Tempelhof in Halberstadt with all accessories to Rudolf Albus, Ulrich, Heinrich and Betmann, Brothers von Freckleben, for the sum of 950 Stendal silver marks because of the heavy debt burden ( cum ordo noster esset gravi onere debitorum ) . Bishop Albert / Albrecht I. von Halberstadt and the commendators of the Templar comers in Tempelachim (brother Heinrich von Benstede), Oschersleben (brother Ulrich) and Müchi (brother Thiderich) are named in the sales deed as witnesses . The upcoming in Halberstadt included:

  • the so-called Tempelhof in the city of Halberstadt, courtyards in the vineyard and in the sack in Halberstadt
  • a hoof in the town of Halberstadt
  • two hooves with farms in Wehrstedt (district of Halberstadt)
  • a mill in Widecke with willow patches, meadows and fields. Has risen in the district of Wehrstadt. The Mühlenhof or the mill in the Wideck (Hauptstrasse 20, 21, 43, 44) is a registered cultural monument of Halberstadt.
  • a hoof, the tithe of five hooves and a mill in Groß Quenstedt and a farm in Groß Quenstedt with eight farms, three willow patches and a meadow
  • two hooves with a farm at Klein Quenstedt
  • a hoof to Ober Ronstedt (desert, north of Halberstadt)
  • a hoof to Nieder Ronstedt (desert, north of Halberstadt)
  • two free and two interest-bearing hooves next to the farms in Wiby (desert)
  • two hooves with a farm in Klein Harsleben
  • a hoof with a yard in Erckstedt (desert)
  • a hoof with a yard in Ströbeck
  • the tithe of twenty Hufen in Neindorf

In 1310, the knight Conrad von Quenstedt gave a farm to Groß Quenstedt to the large infirmary that lay outside the walls of Halberstadt. It mentions that this courtyard was next to the courtyard of the Temple Order ( Tempelhof ). Although the Templar court in Groß Quenstedt had already been sold at that time, the name was still present.

In 1311 Count Heinrich von Regenstein is said to have invited twelve temple lords to his Schlanstedt castle at the behest of Halberstadt Bishop Albrecht I. After the banquet, his knights and squires are said to have murdered the temple lords on his orders. In the vernacular, the place of this act is said to have been called the red temple lords' room in the later office of Schlanstedt . There is no documentary evidence for this.

In 1313 the Jacobi monastery in Halberstadt promised to celebrate Friedrich von Alvensleben's anniversarium, the Templars' last preceptor for Germany and Slavia.

On March 26, 1323 Ulrich von Freckleben, cantor in Naumburg and knight Heinrich von Freckleben sold a hoof in Unter Runstedt and the tenth of 4½ hooves in Groß Quenstedt and five tithe chickens for 30½ marks of silver from Stendal's weight to the Johanniskloster near Halberstadt.

On August 25, 1327, the canon and cantor Ulrich von Freckleben zu Naumburg sold the tithe of 20 hooves in Neindorf. It is mentioned that this property originally belonged to the Templars and that the sale took place before they were damned.

On July 29, 1329, cantor and canon Ulrich von Freckleben in Naumburg and knight Heinrich von Freckleben finally sold the mill in Groß Quenstedt to the large infirmary in front of Halberstadt.

On June 28, 1337, the knight Hinzo von Freckleben sold the Tempelhof in Halberstadt and its accessories to the cathedral treasurer Themo, the dean Albert of Our Dear Women and the Canonic Johann von Gittelfeld at the monastery of Our Dear Women. This resulted in a tripartite division of the Tempelhof in Halberstadt. From the income from the Tempelhof, Themo, who later became dean at the monastery of Our Dear Women, donated the Charlemagne Festival, in honor of Emperor Charlemagne, which takes place annually on the anniversary of Charlemagne's death (January 28) in the Cathedral and Church of Our Lady was celebrated.

However, very soon two parts came to the monastery of Our Dear Women, so that by 1361 only two parts were left, the two thirds of the monastery of Our Dear Women and one third of the cathedral chapter. On January 26, 1441, the monastery of Our Dear Women sold the large temple courtyard , i.e. the two thirds of the monastery, to Heinrich Engelbrecht and his wife Hann on hereditary interest. In a document dated October 5, 1467, Bishop Gebhard von Halberstadt brokered a dispute between the city and the church. The third of the cathedral chapter was referred to as the other Templerhof . Then the name Tempelhof disappears from the Halberstadt documents.

Commander / Commendators

  • 1208 Bruno, Commander in Chief
  • 1235 Luderus, frater domus militiae templi (Commander?)
  • 1294 Johannes de Cedow (?), Commander

building

No remains of the buildings of the former Tempelhof have survived above ground.

supporting documents

literature

  • Klamer Wilhelm Frantz: History of the Diocese, later the Principality of Halberstadt, from its foundation around the year 800 to its inclusion in the Province of Saxony in 1816. 298 pp., Verlag von R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1853 (hereinafter abbreviated as Frantz, history with corresponding page number )
  • Nicolaus Heutger: The Templars then and now: on the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of the Templar Order in Germany. 225 pp., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin, 2007 preview on Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Heutger, Templar gentlemen with corresponding page number)
  • Joe Labonde: The Templars in Germany. An investigation into the historically inherited legacy of the Knights Templar in Germany. 451 S., Bernardus, Mainz 2010. ISBN 978-3-8107-0088-9 (in the following abbreviated Labonde, Templer in Germany with corresponding page number)
  • Leopold von Ledebur: The Templars and their possessions in the Prussian State, A contribution to the history and statistics of the order. III. The province of Saxony. General Archive for the History of the Prussian State, Volume 16, 242–268, Berlin, Posen, Bromberg, 1835 Online at archive.org (hereinafter abbreviated to Ledebur, Templars with corresponding page number)
  • Gunther Lehmann, Christian Patzner: The Templars in Central Germany. 142 pp., LePa-Bücher, Erfurt 2004 ISBN 3-9808859-1-7 (pp. 49–54)
  • Cornelia Oefelein: The St. Jacobi nunnery and its daughter monasteries in the Halberstadt diocese. 238 p., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2004 ISBN 3-936872-34-1 (in the following abbreviated Oefelein, nunnery St. Jacobi with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich Schlemm: History of Freemasonry in Halberstadt. 134 p., Dölle, Halberstadt 1846. Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated to Schlemm, History of Freemasonry with corresponding page number)
  • Gustav Schmidt (Hrsg.): Document book of the Halberstadt Monastery and its bishops: Volume 1. To 1236. 641 p., Hirzel, Leipzig 1883 (hereinafter abbreviated to the Halberstadt Monastery Book, Volume 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Gustav Schmidt: Document book of the Hochstift Halberstadt and its bishops 3rd volume. Publications from the Prussian State Archives, Volume 27, 710 pp., Verlag von S. Hirzel, Leipzig, 1887 (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt, Urkundenbuch Vol. 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Michael Schüpferling: The Templar Order in Germany. 264 S., J. Kirsch, Bamberg 1915 (PhD thesis philos. Faculty of the University of Friborg in Switzerland), pp. 98–99
  • Ferdinand Wilcke: History of the Order of the Templars: together with a report on its relations to the Freemasons and the new Paris Templars, Volume 2. 2nd revised and improved edition, G. Schwetschke'scher Verlag, Halle, 1860 Online at Google Bools (hereinafter abbreviated Wilcke, history of the order with corresponding page number)
  • Karl Ludwig Zschiesche: Halberstadt, otherwise and now: with consideration of its surroundings. 256 p., Verlag der Helmschen Buchhandlung (C. Kunz), Halberstadt, 1895 (hereinafter abbreviated to Zschiesche, Halberstadt with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schlemm, History of Freemasonry, p. 10 Online at Google Books
  2. ↑ a b Frantz, Geschichte, p. 85 Online at Google Books
  3. ^ Frantz, Geschichte, p. 86 Online at Google Books
  4. ↑ Zschiesche, Halberstadt, p. 121.
  5. ^ Oefelein, Nonnenkloster St. Jacobi, p. 42.
  6. ↑ Samuel Lenz: Diplomatic monastery and state history of Halberstadt and neighboring Oertern, ... Johann Andreas Bauern, Halle 1749 Online at Google Books (p. 149)
  7. ^ Oefelein, Nonnenkloster St. Jacobi, p. 39.
  8. ^ Friedrich Schlemm: History of Freemasonry in Halberstadt. 134 pp., Dölle, Halberstadt 1846. Online at Google Books p. 8
  9. ↑ Document book Hochstift Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 396, document number 444 online at archive.org
  10. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland, p. 70.
  11. ↑ Document book Hochstift Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 426, document number 478 online at archive.org
  12. ↑ Frank Seng floor: Halberstadt (Commandery, Germany) http://www.templerlexikon.uni-hamburg.de
  13. ↑ Samuel Lenz: Diplomatic monastery and state history of Halberstadt and neighboring Oertern, ... Johann Andreas Bauern, Halle 1749 Online at Google Books (p. 149)
  14. ↑ Philipp-Wilhelm Gercken: Diplomataria veteris marchiae Brandenburgensis, Volume 2. 692 S., self-published by the author, Salzwedel 1767 Online at Google Books (p. 160)
  15. ↑ a b c d Labonde, Templer in Deutschland, p. 303.
  16. ↑ Saxony-Anhalt State Archives: Online research: Transsumpt by Friedrich von Alvensleben, Preceptor of the Templars in Germania and Slavia, letter of purchase for the von Freckleben brothers, about the Ordenshof in Halberstadt with all accessories (1306). 1327 Aug. 25
  17. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland, pp. 301–304.
  18. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch, vol. 3, p. 30, document no. 1787 of April 26, 1306
  19. ^ Schlemm, History of Freemasonry, p. 14 Online at Google Books
  20. ↑ Ledebur, Templars, p. 262 Online at Google Books
  21. ↑ Labonde, Templer in Deutschland, p. 323.
  22. ↑ Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt: Online research: Bishop Albrecht testifies to the donation of a court in Groß-Quenstedt, next to the court of the Templars, by the knight Conrad von Quenstedt to the Siechenhof for the reception of his daughter. 1310 Jun. 18
  23. ^ Frantz, Geschichte, p. 114 Online at Google Books
  24. ↑ Germany - Saxony-Anhalt - Halberstadt
  25. ↑ Ledebur, Templars, p. 259 Online at Google Books
  26. ↑ Stephan Kunze: History, statistics and topography of all localities of the district of Oschersleben, Volume 1. 492 S., CH Hänicke, Oschersleben, 1842. Online at Google Books (p. 483)
  27. ↑ a b Ledebur, Tempelherren, p. 261 Online at Google Books
  28. ^ Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt: Online research: Ulrich von Freckleben, canon in Naumburg, and his brother Ritter Heinrich sell the Siechenhofe a mill in Groß-Quenstedt, which the Templars used to own. 1329 Jul. 29
  29. ^ Schlemm, History of Freemasonry, p. 18 Online at Google Books
  30. ↑ a b Labonde, Templer in Deutschland, p. 71.
  31. ^ Schlemm, History of Freemasonry, p. 13 Online at Google Books

Coordinates: 51 ° 54 '  N , 11 ° 4'  E