Templars coming

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Templar Chapel in Muenchen

The Templerkommende Müelte was originally a branch of the Knights Templar . After 1306 she came to the Order of the Augustinian Canons of the Brothers of the Penance of Martyrs . The Ordenshof was a priory of the Monastery of St. Mark in Krakow ( Priorat Muecheln ). After the prior's assassination in 1490, the priory became orphaned and was finally drafted by Archbishop Ernst von Magdeburg. In 1502 he sold the monastery property to the Augustinian canons of St. Moritz in Halle an der Saale. After its dissolution in 1519, the monastery courtyard was transferred to the newly founded New Abbey in Halle in 1520. This institution finally sold the property to a private individual in 1534.

history

It is not known exactly when the Kommende Müelte was founded. The first documentary evidence comes from 1270. The foundation property certainly came from the Counts of Brehna, of whom several family members had entered the Knights Templar. Friedrich II of Brehna , who ruled the county of Brehna together with his brother, had entered the Knights Templar and died on October 16, 1221 during the Damiette crusade in Acre . His sons Dietrich I and Otto II succeeded him in the government of the County of Brehna. Otto II died childless in 1234, his inheritance fell to Dietrich I. The latter gave his son Dietrich II the estates of Müelte and Döblitz . Dietrich II is said to have come to the Templars around 1240; there is no documentary evidence for this. In a document from Archbishop Konrad II of Magdeburg from 1270, the witness Gero appears for the first time as a commander of the order's court in Müelte. With the Commander-in-Chief Gero, the existence of the Coming Munch is also proven.

A year earlier (1269) Conrad II. Count von Brehna had given the master of the Templar order and the community of the same , the responsible St. Petrikirche in Wettin with the patronage right. He freed the Templars from any secular bailiwick and taxes. Strangely enough, there is still no mention of the Coming Mueller and his Commander in the document. It is possible that it was only set up with or after this donation, a year later Commander Gero is mentioned. Archbishop Konrad II confirmed this donation in 1273 and in 1294 also Pope Celestine V. In 1286 Otto Graf von Brehna gave half a hoof and a hill of hops to St. Peter's Church in Wettin. In 1288 the County of Wettin was sold to the Archdiocese of Magdeburg. In 1295 there was a dispute between Archbishop Erich von Magdeburg and the Templars over the patronage rights of St. Petrikirche in Wettin, which ended in a settlement that was not unfavorable for the Temple Order. The Templars received the right of patronage in Groß Weddingen (today Langenweddingen near Wanzleben). In addition, they received Dudeleben (today Deutleben ) and Liobesitz (desolate fallen) and 3½ hooves on the latter field marrow and 8 wispel of grain (2 each of wheat, rye, oats and barley).

Did Müelte come to the Order of St. John in 1312?

In 1312 the Knights Templar was repealed by Pope Clement V and his possessions were transferred to the Order of St. John. In many parts of the German Empire, however, the respective sovereigns confiscated the Templar estates and only handed them over to the Johanniter for high monetary payments, often years or even decades later. The Coming Müelte is said to have been taken over by the Order of St. John relatively soon. According to Lehmann and Patzner, Johannes von Helfenstein von Mechelen, mentioned in 1317, is said to have been commander of Müelte. This is not correct, however, because the aforementioned Johannes von Helfenstein was commander of the Johanniterkommende in Mechelen an der Maas (today Maasmechelen , Belgium) and not in Müuellen. This means that the only evidence that the Templar Coming Munch was taken over by the Order of St. John is no longer available. Given the chronological sequence, it is quite possible, and even probable, that Müelte was sold by the Templars themselves to the St. Mark's Monastery in Krakow before the Templar order was dissolved. At the beginning of the 14th century the Knights Templar got into financial difficulties in Germany. For example, in 1306 the then Master of Germany Friedrich von Alvensleben sold the Tempelhof in Halberstadt because of the heavy debt burden ( cum ordo noster esset gravi onere debitorum ) .

Müelte as the priory of St. Mark's Monastery in Krakow

Either in the first half of the 14th century the Johanniter Müelte sold to the St. Mark's monastery in Krakow, which was part of the order of the regulated Augustinian canons of the brothers of the penance of the martyrs ( Ordo Canonicorum Regularium Mendicantium S. Mariae de Metro de Poenitentia Sanctorum Martyrum ), also known as Kreuzherren with the red heart or Polish Kreuzherren, belonged to, or probably the monastery mentioned had already acquired the Kommende Müelte from the Templars themselves before the dissolution of the Templar Order. The St. Mark's Monastery in Krakow turned the Coming Mueller into a priory, which was occupied by a prior and a brother. According to a contemporary witness, the habit of the order of the regulated Augustinian Canons of the Brothers of the Penance of Martyrs consisted of a white skirt with a red cross sewn onto the chest. Over it they wore a black coat.

In 1376, Hermann Schroyen, Ritter and his brother Busse, as well as Hans Stoinen, Knecht, donated a piece of sea equipment in the Muenchen Priory. They added a vineyard near Lobesitz with wood and willows that are part of it. In addition, the priory was to receive annual interest of one wispel of grain, half wheat, half barley from the village of Leckwitz (probably Lettewitz ), which should only belong to the priory for nine years. Afterwards it should fall back to the mentioned Schroyen, Stoinen and / or their heirs. The foundation was received by the superior Johannes and the prior Sifrid and confirmed by Archbishop Peter von Magdeburg. Also in 1376, the Muenchen priory acquired the goods of Dietrich von Damutz with the church fief in the village of Döblitz for 100 shock cross groschen. In the same year, with the consent of Archbishop Peter, the priory also acquired the tithe in the village of Döblitz from the brothers Beteke, Busse and Eschwin Ricken , which they had owned from time immemorial .

In 1376 Merckel Hoym, Schenk and servant of Archbishop Peter von Magdeburg donated a farm in Goyken to the Muenchen Priory , which brought in five groschen annual interest.

In 1379, Hans von Hoym, Ritter, and Albrecht and Bethmann von Lobesitz, Knechte, sold a Werder zu Döblitz, as well as half a tithe on the Leckwitz field (probably Lettwitz), and half a tithe on the Lobesitz field (wüst) for 40 marks from Brandenburg Silver to the Muenchen Priory. In 1379 Archbishop Peter von Magdeburg incorporated 60 shock tithes, half of them from the Leckwitz field and half from the Lobesitz field, half a mark of money and a Werder in Döblitz, which the monks of Hans von Hoym, Ritter, and Albrecht and Bethmann von Lobesitz had bought and a width at the monastery of Müelte, which Archbishop Peter exchanged for a width at Wettin, next to the vineyard of the von Schraplau.

In 1389, Archbishop Albrecht von Magdeburg granted a 40-day indulgence on deadly sins and a one-year indulgence on the venial south for all those who visit the Müelte Monastery, repent of their sins and give alms for the construction and light of the monastery. In 1455, Archbishop Friedrich confirmed a land swap near Müelte between the Mönchengladbach monastery and the brothers from Ammendorf.

In 1484, Peter Strumendorf, Prior, and Conrad Pfeil and all the brothers and gentlemen of the order sold their wooden fist next to and under the church in Preternick near Döblitz with all their accessories to Glorius Wirnicken and his wife Ursula Jordan and their male heirs for 12 Rhenish gold guilders . In 1490 the then prior Peter Strumendorf was killed in the field by one of his servants with a pitchfork. The other brother fled back to Poland and the priory was orphaned.

The Müelte estate in the 16th century

After the monastery in Müelte had stood empty for about 12 years and buildings had already been demolished by the residents of the surrounding area in order to reuse the stones, Archbishop Ernst von Magdeburg moved the priory in 1502 and handed it over to the St. Moritz monastery in Halle an der Saale . In 1519 the St. Moritz-Stift was dissolved and Archbishop Albrecht gave Müelte to the newly founded New Stift in Halle in 1520. This institution sold Müelte in 1534 for 800 guilders to the chancellor of Archbishop Christoph Türck von Krustewitz. Heinrich Eberhausen inherited the estate and sold it again to Archbishop Sigismund in 1563 , who sold the former Mülocken estate to his chancellor Johannes Trauterbuhl in 1566 . In 1621 the Magdeburg court advisor Georg Adam Brunner acquired the Mülocken estate in an auction. In 1652 he left Müelte to his cousin Georg Philipp Brunner. In 1762, the Müuellen estate came into the possession of Carl Gottlieb Rudloff. In 1907 the estate belonged to a Waldemar Anton; at that time it had a size of 298 hectares, mostly arable land. Even in 1913 and 1929, the Münich estate was still owned by the Anton family. In 1945/46 the property was expropriated as part of the land reform and transferred to the city of Wettin.

Commander / Commendators of the Knights Templar

  • 1270 Gero, Commander
  • 1306 Brother Thiderich, he was among the Templars captured in Paris

Priore in Muehle

  • 1376 Sifrid, Prior
  • 1455 Michael Hertel, prior
  • 1484–90 Peter Strumendorf, Prior, was stabbed to death by his servant with a pitchfork.
Entrance area to the former Templar coming, the rest of the corner tower with loopholes

Buildings

The original structure of the Kommende, an almost rectangular complex with surrounding walls, has largely been preserved. The lower parts of the wall could still be medieval. Of the medieval buildings, only the chapel of the Templar Coming , which was consecrated to Our Lady, has survived. The economic buildings are more recent.

literature

  • Johann Christoph Dreyhaupt: Pagus neletici et nudzici or detailed diplomatic-historical description of the former primacy and Ertz-Stifft, but now secularized by the Duchy of Magdeburg, and all the cities, palaces, offices and manors within it , noble families, churches, monasteries, parishes and villages, in particular the cities of Halle, Neumarckt, Glaucha, Wettin, Löbejün, Cönnern and Alsleben. Waysenhaus, Halle (Saale) (hereinafter abbreviated as Dreyhaupt, Pagus neletici et nudzici with the corresponding page number)
  • Nicolaus Heutger: The Templars then and now: on the 50th anniversary of the reactivation of the Templar Order in Germany. 225 pp., Lukas-Verlag, Berlin, 2007 preview on Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Heutger, Templar gentlemen with corresponding page number)
  • Gunther Lehmann, Christian Patzner: The Templars in Central Germany. 142 S., LePa-Bücher, Erfurt 2004 ISBN 3-9808859-1-7 (in the following abbreviated Lehmann & Patzner, Templer in Mitteldeutschland with corresponding page number)
  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt: Regesta archiepiscopatus Magdeburgensis; Collection of excerpts from documents and annalists on the history of the Archbishopric and Duchy of Magdeburg. Second part From 1192 to 1269. Printed and published by E. Baensch jun., Magdeburg, 1881 (hereinafter abbreviated to Mülverstedt, Regesta, 2nd part with the corresponding page number and certificate number)
  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt: Regesta archiepiscopatus Magdeburgensis; Collection of excerpts from documents and annalists on the history of the Archbishopric and Duchy of Magdeburg. Third part From 1270 to 1305. Printed and published by E. Baensch junior, Magdeburg, 1886 (in the following abbreviated to Mülverstedt, Regesta, 3rd part with the corresponding page number and certificate number)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mülverstedt, Regesta, Part 2, p. 23, document no. 57 Online at www.archive.org (the document is incorrectly dated there with 1271)
  2. ↑ Mülverstedt, Regesta, Part 2, p. 229, document no. 601 Online at www.archive.org
  3. ↑ Mülverstedt, Regesta, 3rd part, p. 771, document no. 1290 Online at www.archive.org , p. 771, document no. 1790.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Dreyhaupt, Pagus neletici et nudzici, p. 925 Online at Google Books
  5. ↑ Mülverstedt, Regesta, Part 2, p. 324, document no. 849 Online at www.archive.org
  6. ↑ Lehmann & Patzner, Die Templer in Mitteldeutschland, p. 171.
  7. ^ Karl Borchardt: The Johanniter and their Balleien in Germany during the Middle Ages. In: Christian Gahlbeck, Heinz-Dieter Heimann, Dirk Schumann (Hrsg.): Regionality and transfer history Coming from the Knight Order of the Templars and Johanniter in north-eastern Germany and in Poland. P. 63–76, Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2014 (Studies on Brandenburg and Comparative State History, Volume 9, also: Volume 4 of the writings of the State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg, New Series) ISBN 978-3-86732-140-2 , P. 74
  8. ↑ Karl Suso Frank: Brothers of the penance of the martyrs. In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church (LThK). 3. Edition. Volume 2. Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1994, ISBN 3-451-22002-4 , Sp. 833 f.
  9. ↑ Landesarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt: Online research: Archbishop Friedrich von Magdeburg confirms a contract between the prior of the Müelte Monastery and the brothers von Ammendorf on the exchange of land near Müelte in the Rothenburg court. (1455 Aug. 18) certified copy from 1722
  10. ↑ State Archives Saxony-Anhalt: Online research: property documents on Gut Müelte and the village of Dobis, especially in connection with the acquisition by Dr. Georg Adam Brunner and the sale to his cousin Georg Philipp Brunner. 1602-1727
  11. ↑ E. Kirstein, P. Haake: Handbook of property in the German Empire: Vol. V: Province of Saxony, 4th improved edition. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1907, p. 654/55.
  12. ^ State archive Saxony-Anhalt: Online research: Gutsarchiv Müächen
  13. ^ Friedrich Schlemm: History of Freemasonry in Halberstadt. 134 pp., Dölle, Halberstadt 1846. Online at Google Books p. 14
  14. ↑ Heutger, Templars, p. 72
  15. ↑ Lehmann & Patzner, Die Templer in Mitteldeutschland, p. 88.

Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 33 ″  N , 11 ° 49 ′ 39 ″  E