Magnus I (Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)

Magnus I , called "the Pious" , (* 1304 ; † 1369 ), from the Guelph family , was Duke of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel from 1345 to 1369 .

Life

Magnus was a son of Albrecht II , Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and from 1268 to 1318 Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, and his wife Rixa von Werle . After Albrecht's death, Otto der Milde took over the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg until his death in 1344 .

Then his brothers Ernst and Magnus shared it among themselves. Ernst received the Principality of Göttingen and Magnus the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel , which he ruled until his death in 1369. This division is important for the Duchy of Braunschweig because it was ruled by its own duke for the first time in the history of the country.

But Calvörde with the Calvörde Castle were handed over to noble families for a long time.

In 1327 Magnus I married Sophie from the Ascanian family ; this was on the part of her mother niece of the Wittelsbach emperor Ludwig of Bavaria , which is why she had inheritance claim to the Mark Landsberg .

With the death of the last Ascanian Margrave of Brandenburg, Ludwig the Bavarian took over the inheritance. Otto der Milde von Braunschweig had been assured of a number of towns in the Altmark after a hereditary comparison with Ludwig the Bavarian. Later a new agreement was made, according to which after the death of Otto and Agnes, the Altmark should completely revert to Ludwig. Ludwig tried to gain support among the knighthood of the Altmark. The city of Braunschweig was among them. After the death of Duchess Agnes, the feuds between Ludwig and Otto the Mild grew, he saw that the knighthood of the Altmark was behind Ludwig. He renounced the inheritance for 3,000 silver marks. In 1345, Ludwig complained that Albert von Alvensleben had taken the Calvörde Castle and the market town of Calvörde and destroyed 5 more villages. Albert acted on behalf of the new Brunswick Duke Magnus the Pious, who made inheritance claims on Calvörde and the Linderburg. The feuds came to a head and a battle broke out in 1347 in which Magnus the Pious was defeated.

In 1367 Magnus I was defeated by the Bishop of Hildesheim Gerhard von Berg in the Battle of Dinklar after he had plundered the area of ​​the Hildesheim Monastery. (1365-1398).

After his death, Magnus II , known as "Torquatus" , took over the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel until 1373.

progeny

In 1327 he married Sophie von Brandenburg , the daughter of Heinrich I von Brandenburg . The couple had the following children:

• Mathilde († before June 28, 1354); ∞ (1339) Prince Bernhard III. von Anhalt-Bernburg († August 20, 1348)
• Magnus II (Braunschweig-Lüneburg) (1328-1373), called Torquatus (with the chain) ; ∞ Katharina von Anhalt-Bernburg († January 30, 1390), daughter of Prince Bernhard III. (Anhalt) († 1348) and Agnes von Sachsen-Wittenberg († January 4, 1338)
• Albert II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg († April 14, 1395), Archbishop of Bremen
• Heinrich († after January 28, 1382), canon in Hildesheim and Halberstadt
• Otto († January 16, 1339)
• Ludwig I (Braunschweig-Lüneburg) (* before 1349; † November 5, 1367); ∞ Mechtild von Braunschweig-Lüneburg († before May 16, 1410), daughter of Duke Wilhelm II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg († November 23, 1369) and Hedwig von Ravensberg (* before 1315; † December 5, 1334)
• Agnes (* (1343); † 1404); ∞ (before January 5, 1364) Count Heinrich VII. Von Hohnstein († 1408)
• Sophie (around 1340; † around 1394); ∞ Count Diedrich V. von Hohnstein (around 1306; † 1379)
• Ernst († (16./26.) February 1385)

See also

• Tribe list of the Guelphs

• Family table of the Danish kings

literature

• Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Gerhard Schildt (ed.): The Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. A region looking back over the millennia . 2nd Edition. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2001, ISBN 3-930292-28-9 .
• Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 472 .
• Bernd-Ulrich Hergemöller:  Magnus I. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 661 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Paul Zimmermann :  Magnus I (Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1884, pp. 62-64.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Rudi Fischer: 800 years Calvörde - a chronicle up to 1991.
2. ^ Burgstemmen history of the castle and county on June 17, 2006 ( Memento from September 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

predecessor	Office	successor
Otto the Meek	Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Prince of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel 1344–1369	Magnus II.