Ernst Gillmeister

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Johann David Ernst Gillmeister (born April 26, 1817 in Ludwigslust , † March 25, 1887 in Schwerin ) was a German glass painter .

Life

Ernst Gillmeister is the son of the master glazier and Mecklenburg-Schwerin court glazier Johann David Gillmeister in Ludwigslust . He learned the glazing trade from his father and soon felt drawn to glass painting. He attended lectures in chemistry in Göttingen on paternal advice and with the support of Grand Duke Paul Friedrich . In order to perfect his skills and further training ... so that one day, as a competent glass and porcelain painter, he might do his homeland an honor. Several years of studies led him to the workshop of Heinrich Friedrich Wedemeyer in Göttingen and to longer journeys through the Rhineland and the Netherlands. After numerous practical attempts at stained glass, he moved to the Königliche Glasmalereianstalt in Munich and to the Porcelain-Fabrique in Sèvres to perfect his studies in painting. In doing so, he acquired extensive specialist knowledge and excellent skills in the field of glass, porcelain and enamel painting.

In 1842, after a stay in Strasbourg, he returned to Schwerin and opened a workshop. There he worked mainly for the Schwerin Grand Duke. There was now a glass painter in Mecklenburg who had learned to convert oil-painted models of high artistic quality into glass paintings and who was able to independently develop framing accessories such as ornaments , borders , carpet patterns and canopy architectures , like his first designs for in 1843 the ornaments of the windows in the Holy Blood Chapel in Schwerin Cathedral. The stained glass of the three windows in the choir of the Schwerin Cathedral were created between 1843 and 1845, but supposedly only installed in 1848. The coat of arms in window I. bears the signature and date EG ligiert 1843.

As early as 1846, Gillmeister dealt with an extensive order for the weapons hall in Schwerin Castle, the so-called Hofdornitz. Carl Georg Schumacher provided the designs for 16 windows, Theodor Schloepke and Theodor Fischer each provided one design. Historical personalities from the history of the Grand Duke to the present day were depicted. Here, too, porcelain or enamel paint painting was used on white rectangular glasses. Above the whole figure there is painting in grisaille. In 1853 the fields were built.

He quickly became a sought-after artist for glass painting. In addition to his own designs, he worked based on templates from Peter von Cornelius , Gaston Lenthe , Gustav Stever and Carl Georg Schumacher .

In 1848 Gillmeister created the birth of Christ, which gained a certain fame as a Christmas window, for the baptistery in Schwerin Cathedral. The Schwerin court painter Gaston Lenthe provided the draft for the window. This large Gothic window was provided by Gillmeister with a glass painting depicting the birth of the Savior, for which the carton by Gaston Lenthe was delivered; the artist had it i. Year started in 1847. It was given to the church by contributions from the grand ducal family, the residents of Schwerin and the cathedral choir for their jubilee celebration. The window was provided with protective glazing by the Dresden Monument Preservation in 1988 and is now installed at the end of the south aisle on the west side of the cathedral. From the point of view of a glass expert, the window deserves high praise: As a pure glass plate painting of such dimensions, it is unique among the glass paintings preserved in our country from the first half of the 19th century.

The windows in St. Marien (Röbel) were commissioned around 1852 after the extensive restoration of the church since 1848 by the Schwerin master builder Theodor Krüger . There are three choir windows with the resurrection of Christ in the middle, on each side two evangelists by Gillmeister based on a design by the Schwerin court painter Gaston Lenthe. There is also a small undated pencil drawing.

In the Georgenkirche (Waren) , too , during the restoration and renovation of the church from 1854 to 1857 by the Schwerin builder Theodor Krüger, the three choir windows were again made by Ernst Gillmeister in 1856 according to designs by Gaston Lenthe. There is no certainty about the exact date.

In 1852 the court painter Gaston Lenthe was commissioned to supply templates for the five choir windows of the restored Schwerin Castle Church. Some of the drafts for the glass paintings have been preserved in the State Museum in Schwerin. As early as 1852, Gillmeister began to make the glass windows from Lenthe boxes. When the castle church reopened in 1855, however, Gillmeister had only completed two windows. He had largely followed Lenthe's models, as photographs from around 1890 show. In 1857 the work could be completed. The church was expanded in 1884 after it was damaged by condensation and only a few fragments have survived today. In 1857, Gillmeister was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle, IV class , for his work on the Schwerin palace and had the Gold Cross of Merit from the House Order of the Wendish Crown .

With the interior restoration of the Dobbertiner monastery church from 1854 to 1857 by the Wismar builder and architect Heinrich Thormann , the middle choir window was created in 1857 according to a design by Gaston Lenthe. The draft for the church window on cardboard is in the State Museum in Schwerin. The performing artist was again the glass painter Ernst Gillmeister from Schwerin. The close cooperation between both personalities goes back to a joint study trip in 1853 during the execution of the Christmas window in Schwerin Cathedral. The side choir windows were made by Gillmeister in 1866 and 1868 based on designs by the history painter Gustav Stever .

Gillmeister's greatest achievements in artistic glass painting consist almost entirely of commissions from the grand ducal house and various churches in Mecklenburg. His most important works are the windows for the grave chapel of the Mecklenburg Grand Dukes in Schwerin Cathedral based on models by Peter v. Cornelius.

Gillmeister's glass paintings are still considered to be a specialty of 19th century glass painting due to their perfect craftsmanship and their extraordinarily fine polychrome enamel paint. In his own way, Gillmeister combines musical lead glazing, in which the individual pieces or different colored glasses are joined together by lead bridges, with the technique of translucent enamel painting, which he has mastered in a masterly manner. The actual picture is created through a multi-layered polychrome painting on monochrome glasses. This technique requires a high level of knowledge and skills, because color chemistry, the coordination and compatibility of the binders with and with one another, as well as the reaction during color firing, must be mastered as well as artistic skill.

Works (glass windows)

Christmas window Schwerin Cathedral
Dobbertin Monastery Church
  • Bad Doberan , Munster
    • Restoration of old windows, 1855
  • Dobbertin, monastery church, choir room
    • Middle window Ascension Day 1857 (design Lenthe)
    • 4 side windows, (two in 1866 and two in 1868 based on designs by Stevers), Abraham and Moses , David and Elias , Peter and Paul , Augustine and Luther
  • Röbel / Müritz , St. Marien
    • 3 choir windows, 1852 (design Lenthe), Ascension and circular image of Mary , 2 evangelists and circular image of Moses , 2 evangelists and circular image of Johannes Baptista
  • Schwerin , cathedral , chapel of the Holy Blood
    • 3 windows, 1845/47 (draft Cornelius), the Ascension of Christ as well as Mary and John , Moses and Peter , Paul and Isaiah
  • Schwerin, cathedral, tower side hall
    • Adoration of the Shepherds , Nativity , 1847 (Lenthe design)
Part of the interior glazing of the windows in the tower room in front of the princely box of the St. Nikolai Church (Schelfkirche) Schwerin.
Schwerin Castle Church
  • Schwerin, castle church
    • 5 windows, 1852/57 (Lenthe drafts), replaced in 1907, 1: Fall of Man , expulsion from paradise , promise of Abraham , Noah's sacrifice , Abraham's sacrifice , Moses with the tablets of the law , Archangel Michael , 2: Joshua and Gideon , Jephta and Samson , Eli and Samuel , David and Solomon , Jeremiah and Isaiah , Ezekiel and Daniel , Archangel Gabriel , 3: Nativity , The twelve-year-old Christ in the temple , John the Baptist , Baptism of Christ , Angels with Gospel , 4: Lord's Supper , Crucifixion , Trinity , 5 : Entombment , the three Marys at the grave , resurrection of Christ , Mary Magdalene , angel with banner
  • Schwerin, Castle , Hofdornitz
    • 18 portraits, 1846/1853 in 6 windows (16 designs by Carl Georg Christian Schumacher, 1 Theodor Fischer, 1 Theodor Schloepke), restored after relocation with partial losses and reinstalled in 2007. Heinrich the Wendenkönig , Niklot , Pribislaw , Borwin I , Heinrich I, the pilgrim , Heinrich II., The lion , Albrecht I , Albrecht II, King of Sweden , Magnus II. , Johann Albrecht I , Adolf Friedrich I . , Christian Louis I. , Friedrich Wilhelm , Karl Leopold , Christian Ludwig II. , Friedrich , Friedrich Franz I. (E: Fischer) , Paul Friedrich (E: Schloepke)
  • Silkerode , St. Nicholas
    • multiple windows
  • Waren (Müritz) , St. Georgen
    • 3 windows 1853/54 (Lenthe design) Moses and Isaiah , Entombment and Resurrection , Matthew and Paul
  • Camin
    • Choir window s II, 1854.
  • Village church piece
  • Church of St. Maria and St. Johannes Neukloster
    • Three window group in the choir east wall, 1865.
  • Lübsee
    • Choir window s II, before 1874.

Possibly, but not legally secured, stained glass in the windows of the churches in Pokrent and the Güstrow cathedral were executed by Gillmeister.

Literature and Sources

literature

  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Schwerin 1896–1902.
  • Grete Grewolls: Who was who in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Schwerin 1995.
  • Ulrich Hermanns: Medieval town churches of Mecklenburg. Monument preservation and construction in the 19th century. Schwerin 1996. ISBN 3-931185-15-X .
  • Johannes Voss: ... so that one day, as a capable glass and porcelain painter, he might do his homeland honor. For the restoration of the Gillmeister windows in the Holy Blood Chapel of Schwerin Cathedral. In: Monument protection and preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Issue 7, Schwerin 2000, pp. 56-67.
  • Bernd Konrad: Ernst Gillmeister (1817-1887) - his life and work. Research center for glass painting at CVMA, Potsdam 1997.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich, Berlin 2000. ISBN 3-422-03081-6 . Pp. 454-455.
  • Reinhard Kuhl: 19th century stained glass, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The churches. Leipzig 2001. ISBN 3-361-00536-1 .
  • Johannes Voss: et fenestras laudabiles in capella - window foundations of the Princely House of Mecklenburg in the former monastery church of Bad Doberan. In: KulturERBE ​​in Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania. Volume 5. Schwerin 2010. ISBN 978-3-935770-29-3 . Pp. 23-40.
  • Ingrid Lent: Gaston Lenthe. A Schwerin court painter. Schwerin 2012. ISBN 978-3-940207-33-3 .
  • Ingrid Lent: high altar and choir window of the monastery church. In: Dobbertin Monastery. History - building - living. Contributions to art history and monument preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Volume 2. Schwerin 2012. ISBN 978-3-935770-35-4 . Pp. 229-241.
  • Sylvia Putzschke: On the restoration of the choir glazing in the monastery church. In: Dobbertin Monastery. History - building - living. Contributions to art history and monument preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Volume 2. Schwerin 2012. ISBN 978-3-935770-35-4 . Pp. 290-297.

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • LHAS 2.26-1 Grand Ducal Cabinet . II. Personnel
    • LHAS 2.26-2 Court Marshal's Office
    • LHAS 3.2-3 / 1 Provincial Monastery / Monastery Office Dobbertin. No. 3235 Negotiations and expert opinions on the redesign of the church in Dobbertin.
    • LHAS 5.11-2 Landtag negotiations , Landtag assemblies , Landtag minutes and Landtag committee.
    • LHAS 10.9 L / 6 personal estate Lisch, Friedrich .
    • LHAS 12.3-2 Ministry of Finance, Department of Building Construction.
  • State Office for Culture and Monument Preservation
    • Object file Dargun, No. 191 Restoration of the castle church in Dargun, especially restoration of the coat of arms windows 1858–1863.

Web links

Commons : Ernst Gillmeister  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johannes Voss: Monument protection and preservation in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. 2000, p. 56.
  2. Sylvia Putzschke: For restoration of the choir windows in the monastery church. 2012, p. 291.
  3. ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The churches. 2001, p. 15.
  4. Bernd Konrad: Ernst Gillmeister (1817-1887) - his life and work. 1997, p. 18.
  5. ^ Ludwig Fromm: Chronicle of the capital and residence city of Schwerin. Schwerin 1862, p. 404.
  6. ^ Eva Mahn: German glass painting of the Romantic period 1790-1850. The glass painters Heinrich Müller in Berlin, Carl Samuel Scheiner in Meißen, Ernst Gillmeister in Schwerin. Phil.Diss. Leipzig 1991, p. 180.
  7. Georg Dehio: Ev. Church of St. Marien Röbel. 2000, p. 455.
  8. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Kupferstichkabinett, Inv. No. 2779 Hz.
  9. Bernd Konrad dates in Ernst Gillmeister (1817-1887) - his life and work 1997, p. 18 the production to 1853/54.
  10. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Inv. No. G 2150, G 2164, G 2016.
  11. ^ Ingrid Lent: Gaston Lenthe. A Schwerin court painter. 2012, pp. 140-144.
  12. LHAS 12.3-2 Ministry of Finance, Building Department. Folder 15, 53.1-10.
  13. ^ State Museum Schwerin, Kupferstichkabinett, Inv. No. 7815 Hz.
  14. Horst Alsleben : Luminosity behind protective glass. Choir window of the Dobbertiner monastery church restored. Mecklenburg Church Newspaper March 20, 2005, No. 12.
  15. Sylvia Putzschke: For restoration of stained glass windows in the monastery church. 2012, p. 293.
  16. ^ Johannes Voss: Window foundations of the Princely House of Mecklenburg in the former monastery church in Bad Doberan. Schwerin 2010, p. 37.
  17. ^ Verena Friedrich: Schwerin St. Nikolai , Peda-Kunstführer No. 95/1994, Kunstverlag-Peda, Passau 1994, pp. 20-22, ISBN 3-930102-03-X
  18. Reinhard Kuhl: St. Georg Camin village church. 2001, pp. 38, 60.
  19. ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Church of St. Maria and St. Johannes Neukloster. 2001, p. 143.
  20. ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Pokrent village church . 2001, p. 153 Black solder painting on clay glass, largely matted by striking greenish mousselin coatings on the outer skin. Possibly a work by the Schwerin glass painter Ernst Gillmeister.
  21. Reinhard Kuhl: Güstrow Cathedral of St. Maria, St. Johannes and St. Cäcilia. 2001, p. 100.
  22. ^ Reinhard Kuhl: Glass paintings of the 19th century, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The churches. Workshops and glass painters. 3001, p. 236.