Priwall

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Beach at the Norderfähre and Passat in the sailing harbor (before 2017)
Sailing port with Passat and Travemuende old town (before 2017)
Priwall beach on the Bay of Lübeck, in the background the Maritim Hotel (before 2017).

The Priwall is an approximately three-kilometer-long peninsula at the mouth of the Trave in eastern Schleswig-Holstein . It has belonged to the Travemünde district of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck since 1226 .

The Priwall is very popular, especially in summer, because there is a wide sandy beach on the northeastern part of the peninsula for swimming in the Bay of Lübeck .

location

The peninsula is bordered in the north by the Baltic Sea , in the west by the Trave and in the south by the Pötenitzer Wiek , a haff-like extension in the Trave. The eastern end of the peninsula forms the state border with Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . This limit goes back to the Lübeck Imperial Freedom Letter from 1226. The inner-German border ran here until 1990 , so that for many years the Priwall could not be reached on the 35 km long land route via Dassow around the Dassower See on the B 105 to Selmsdorf and Schlutup.

traffic

Ferry pier and Rosenhof senior citizens' residence
Passenger ferry Priwall VI

The Priwall ferry (car ferry) for vehicles and pedestrians connects Travemünde via the street Auf dem Baggersand with the Mecklenburg Landstraße on the Priwall. The Mecklenburger Landstrasse leads in a west-east direction across the Priwall to Mecklenburg.

Another ferry connection for pedestrians only runs in summer between the Travepromenade in Travemünde near Nordermole and the Dünenweg on the Priwall.

history

Imperial Freedom Letter

In 1226 the Priwall became part of the Lübeck city area ( Lübeck Imperial Freedom Letter ). In the same century, a stone dam was also built between the Priwall and the mainland to Mecklenburg, which indicates that the Priwall was originally an island in the Trave estuary.

Tourism, aviation, aircraft construction

Rohrbach Romar flying boat on the Pötenitzer Wiek in front of Travemünde Airport on the Priwall

In 1803, Section 9 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss confirmed the Priwall as the exclusive property of the city of Lübeck ; Mecklenburg-Schwerin received the Lübeck hospital villages on Poel as compensation for old claims - against the public objection of the then owner of Johannstorf and Pötenitz , Michael Gottfried Eckermann. In 1847 a bathing establishment was set up on the Priwall. From 1880, the Priwall received simple accommodation for families in need, which the Association for Holiday Colonies built. From 1922 it was allowed to bathe in the Baltic Sea directly from the beach.

A racecourse was opened on August 5, 1882 and used until 1934. In 1940 it gave way to the construction of a submarine harbor, today's “Passathafen”, which is now used as a sailing boat harbor.

At the beginning of the 20th century, zeppelins landed and took off on the Priwall. B. in the International Baltic Sea Year 1931 the LZ 127 airship Graf Zeppelin . Since 1926 there has been a Lufthansa airfield on the Priwall for passenger traffic to domestic German destinations and to Scandinavia , which was also used by seaplanes.

The Caspar-Werke started building and testing seaplanes in 1914.

time of the nationalsocialism

The Reichsluftwaffe claimed the site for themselves in 1935. There was regular service to the countries bordering the Baltic Sea. A narrow way of the old airport runway with concrete slabs runs on the Priwall at the end of the flight path .

During the Second World War, the Priwall was closed to civilians. In neighboring Pötenitz, you can still see the ruins of the Pötenitz Aircraft Office, overgrown by coastal forest, and the associated jetty in the Pötenitzer Wiek.

In the 1930s, a clinic was built on the Priwall, which was initially used by the military. Later, the Priwall hospital, which was used as a military hospital during the Second World War, had 124 beds and was taken over by the private Sana clinics in the last few years of operation. The clinic was closed in 2004 and was empty from September 2005. A practice clinic with a ward in Travemünde was created as a replacement. Until 2020, two of the buildings were used as external storage for more than 590,000 volumes of the Lübeck City Library . After the plan for a new knowledge store as a joint storage facility for Lübeck's city ​​library, archive and museums failed, a small solution is to move the city library's storage facility to a rented building on the site of the former Lübeck mechanical engineering company at Einsiedelstraße 6 in 2020 . The former clinic buildings are sold. Apartments are to be built on the site.

During the Nazi era, there were three camps for forced labor from the Luftwaffe's flight test center ( Sea test center ) on the Priwall . 150 foreign forced laborers were housed in camp I, 80 in camp II and 250 in camp III.

The runway of the airfield was destroyed by British bombers towards the end of the war.

GDR border area

Border sign at Priwall, July 1959
Pötenitz border crossing , 1990

Until 1990 a small section of the Priwall belonged to the GDR . Its border with the Schleswig-Holstein Priwall formed the northernmost part of the inner-German border .

21st century

Between 2002 and 2007 the sand sculpture show Sand World was held on the Priwall .

In 2005 the Priwall had 1567 residents; In 2014 there were 1,448.

Public facilities

Travemünde vocational training center in Wiekstrasse

The Priwall is the location of a seaman's school and the state vocational schools for boat builders, opticians, shoe technology / orthopedic shoe technology and glazing.

economy

Rosenhof Travemünde is a senior citizens' residence on the Priwall in Travemünde. Seen from Travemünde.
View over the Trave to the Priwall with buildings of the Waterfront district in 2019

On the Priwall there is a large senior residence, a holiday home complex and large sport boat and yacht harbors, which offer international flair, especially during the Travemuende Week . There is also a riding stables on the Priwall with an open stable and the opportunity to take riding lessons. There are also numerous private weekend houses here.

Part of the Priwall near the Passat's berth was redesigned. At the end of 2007, a seven-hectare part of the Priwall was sold to Waterfront-AG. This built houses and hotels along and staggered several times behind the waterline. The “Bürgerinitiative bewutsame Priwallentwicklung eV” turned against the building project. V. “In 2010 she presented an alternative concept with restricted development. In 2018, the 6.1 hectare Priwall Waterfront facility was under construction. From the end of 2019, the "Slow Down" conference center will be used as a hotel in summer and for conferences and congresses in winter.

Attractions

A narrow way of the old airport runway with concrete slabs runs on the Priwall at the end of the flight path .

The Museum Ostseestation Priwall at the Priwallhafen shows animals from the jellyfish to the plaice living in the sea in several aquariums . There is also the poisonous weever to see. Using the shell of the mussel , it is shown that mussels in the salty North Sea grow larger than mussels in the Baltic Sea.

At the Trave you can also visit the four-masted barque Passat . This ship was a Flying P-Liner of the Hamburg shipping company F. Laeisz, which in 1920 named the Priwall , a similar ship, after the peninsula. The Priwall was interned in Valparaiso in 1941, then given away to the Chilean government, which used it as the Lautaro training ship ; In 1945 the ship was lost after a cargo fire ( guano ).

The Passat is located at the Passat Harbor, the former submarine harbor. This offers space for 500 sailing boats.

The “ Südlicher Priwall ” nature reserve is located on the Pötenitzer Wiek . On the Mecklenburg side, in Höftland von Pötenitz, the coastal landscape nature reserve connects between Priwall and Barendorf with the Harkenbäkniederung .

The Priwall hiking trail begins at the Priwall car ferry and goes around the nature and bird sanctuary Südlicher Priwall along the banks of the Trave and the Pötenitzer Wiek. The approximately 8.5 km long circular route takes the Fliegerweg back to the Mecklenburg Landstrasse and the Priwall car ferry.

nature

The southern part of the peninsula, towards the Dassower See , is designated as a nature reserve " Südlicher Priwall ". The north with its Baltic Sea beach is characterized by forest, gray dunes , primary dunes and a flat sandy beach.

Memorials

Travemünde, Priwall: Street Am Priwallhafen. Sculpture from Duckdalben: Border Part 1
Monument with propellers in Wiekstraße in memory of the dead at the seaplane test site in Travemünde
Memorial stone for the opening of the inner-German border between Schleswig-Holstein and the GDR on Priwall

On Priwall port are in the bin for discarded Duckdalben two sculptures of a three-part work of art from Duckdalben by Sabine Klupsch. These steles remind of the border location of the Priwall during the GDR era.

The aviator memorial on Wiekstrasse with propellers on a brick stele commemorates the victims of sea aviation.

On the Mecklenburg Landstrasse between Travemünde-Priwall and Pötenitz , a boulder with the inscription "Never again divided" and the arms of Travemünde and Mecklenburg reminds of February 3, 1990, when the former border with the GDR was initially in the beach section for pedestrians around 9: 35 o'clock was opened. The boulder on the highway is already in Mecklenburg territory. The demarcation line ran here in 1945, and subsequently the inner-German border between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic. Since reunification , the border between the states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Schleswig-Holstein has run here .

Sons and daughters

literature

  • Gottfried Renatus Häcker : Lübeck flora. Aschenfeldt, Lübeck 1844 (digitized version)
  • Antjekathrin Graßmann : Lübeck's Priwall. A consideration 750 years after the award of the Reichsfreiheitsbrief. In: Lübeck 1226. Imperial freedom and early city. Lübeck 1976, pp. 63-76.
  • Rolf Fechner: The Priwall Peninsula, 1900–1990. Photo book, Sutton Verlag, April 2014. (Historical pictures, including aviation).
  • Rolf Fechner: Aviation on the Priwall and Pötenitz. BoD, ISBN 978-3751972406 .

Web links

Commons : Priwall  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Promemoria of § 9 of the Reichs-Deputations-Recess de dato Regensburg, November 22nd, 1802 and the Priwall peninsula commemorated therein: the highly respectable and illustrious extraordinary Reichs-Deputation in Regensburg, devotedly dedicated by Michael Gottfried Eckermann as owner and owner of the in the Duchy Mecklenburg occupy fiefdom Johannistorf, and the above-mentioned Priwall peninsula, which belongs to it as a pertinence. 1803
  2. ↑ Maike Wegner: A historical journey across the Priwall. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of April 23, 2014, p. 16.
  3. ^ Travemünder Rennbahn-Zeitung. 5th and 6th August 1882
  4. ↑ Maike Wegner: A historical journey across the Priwall. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of April 23, 2014, p. 16.
  5. ↑ a b c bike and hiking map Dassow-Travemünde. Verlag Grünes Herz, Ilmenau / Thuringia, 3rd updated edition 2006, back: description of the cycling and hiking map, keyword Priwall.
  6. ↑ The City Library is well prepared for the future , press release of January 8, 2020, accessed on January 11, 2020
  7. ↑ Goodbye knowledge storage: Old library books move to Roddenkoppel , Lübecker Nachrichten of September 6, 2019, accessed on January 11, 2020
  8. ↑ Werner Petrowsky / Working Group "History of the Lübeck Labor Movement": Lübeck - Another History, Insights into Resistance and Persecution in Lübeck 1933–1945 . Center - Youth Welfare Office of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck (Ed.), Lübeck 1986, ISBN 3-923814-02-X , p. 202.
  9. ↑ Maike Wegner: A historical journey across the Priwall. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of April 23, 2014, p. 16.
  10. ↑ Peer Hellerling: "The Priwall is too much focused on tourism" . In: Lübecker Nachrichten , July 19, 2015, p. 12.
  11. ↑ Kim Meyer: New ideas for the Priwall riding stable. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of November 15, 2014, p. 13.
  12. ↑ Waterfront project for the Lübeck urban development
  13. ↑ Citizens' Initiative Priwall
  14. ↑ Josephine von Zastrow: Alternative plans for the Priwall: Only 22 new houses. In: Lübecker Nachrichten , April 27, 2010, p. 16.
  15. ↑ Priwall Waterfront , accessed November 22, 2018
  16. ↑ Kai Dordowsky: The unusual conference center. In: Lübecker Nachrichten , May 11, 2019, p. 9.
  17. ↑ Award from Kiel: Three 'Blue Stars' for the Passat Harbor. In: Lübecker Nachrichten of November 26, 2010, p. 13.
  18. ↑ Stadtverkehr Lübeck (Ed.): Priwall hiking trail. Leaflet from April 2011.
  19. ↑ Second stele. "Travemünde aktuell", May 2018, p. 4.
  20. ↑ Cleaning up at the memorial stone. In: Travemünde aktuell, 12, 2011, p. 16.
  21. ↑ Opening of the border. In: Travemünde aktuell, November 2014, p. 4.

Coordinates: 53 ° 57 ′ 0 ″  N , 10 ° 53 ′ 0 ″  E