Priwall (ship)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Priwall
Priwall (ship, 1917) .jpg
Ship data
flag German EmpireGerman Empire (trade flag) German Empire Chile
ChileChile 
other ship names
  • Lautaro
Ship type Freighter
Callsign RWLN (1920-1933)
DIRQ (1933-1941)
home port Hamburg, later Valparaíso
Owner F. Laeisz (1917–1941)
Chilean Navy (1941–1945)
Shipyard Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Ship dimensions and crew
length
115.60 m ( Lüa )
width 14.37 m
Draft Max. 7.22 m
displacement 6.668  t
measurement 3,105 GRT / 2,859 NRT (after conversion in 1926: 3,185 GRT / 2,834 NRT)
 
crew 27 + 45 cadets
Rigging and rigging
Rigging Barque
Number of masts 4th
Number of sails 33
Sail area 4106 m²
Speed
under sail 		Max. 18 kn (33 km / h)

The Priwall was a German four-masted barque and the penultimate one of the Flying P-Liner , which was built for the famous shipping company F. Laeisz . In 1938 she set the record that is still valid today for the fastest circumnavigation of Cape Horn by a sailing ship in an east-west direction. In 1945 she sank, sailing under the Chilean flag since 1941 and renamed Lautaro , after a cargo fire off the Peruvian coast.

description

The windjammer with a steel hull made of riveted plates was constructed as a three-island ship according to tried and tested plans. It was fast and robust enough to cope with the storms of the South Atlantic for the voyages around Cape Horn . Like almost all Laeisz sailors, she ran a modern standard rig with split Mars and Bramsails , above it royals , the mizzen mast as a pole mast (without mizzen rigging) with two gaffs . The four-masted barque was measured with 3,105 GRT and could hold up to 4,800  ts of cargo. According to the Laeisz tradition, the hull was painted black, white and red, the surface hull black with a white water pass and the underwater hull red, in accordance with the German national flag of the time. The outer walls of the midship bridge and the poop were set off in white. In 1926 it was converted into the shipping company's own freight sailing training ship . Afterwards it measured 3,185 GRT, its crew strength increased to 55 or 72 respectively. It was named according to the old custom of the shipping company F. Laeisz with a name beginning with "P" (since 1875 generally, hence the designation Flying-P-Liner ), namely to the Priwall peninsula near Travemünde, where the four-masted barque Passat is located today . The Priwall was one of the few freight sailing training ships flying the German flag. Like all Laeisz sailors, it had no auxiliary drive and was towed up the Elbe into the port of Hamburg for safety reasons on arrival in Cuxhaven .

After it was taken over by the Chilean Navy, it received an auxiliary drive and cannons as armament. The crew increased to 250 men.

history

The Priwall

The Priwall , ordered in 1914, was launched in 1917 at the Hamburg shipyard Blohm & Voss under construction number 234 and was not delivered to the F. Laeisz shipping company until March 6, 1920 due to the First World War . This delayed construction phase finally released the shipping company from the obligation to deliver to the victorious powers laid down in the Versailles Treaty . Her sister ship, which in 1919 completed under hull number 233 Pola , never drove so under the Laeisz flag, but went as reparation directly to France , where she named Richelieu for the Société des Navires-Ecoles went, after an explosion in the port of Baltimore was converted into a towing light on January 4, 1927 and was scrapped in 1933. The contract for construction number 235 had been canceled since May 17, 1915. In the 1920s, the Priwall first ran on the saltpeter ride and made a total of 13 round trips by 1931.

Her first voyage took her from July 24, 1920 under Captain Max Jürgen Heinrich Juers, who later commanded the ship several times, with a crew of 34 and 200 passengers to Valparaíso and other Chilean ports. These passengers were seamen who had to bring the eight Laeisz sailors interned in the ports there back to Germany. Captain Jürs paid a visit to Santa Cruz de La Palma at the end of August 1920, where he had been with the Pamir from October 1914 to the end of March 1920. In 1926, the Priwall was converted into a load-bearing training ship and now had 3,185 GRT / 2,834 NRT and a crew of 72 men, 45 of them midshipmen. After the Chile trip in 1931, the cruising area changed mainly to Australia . Wheat was their new cargo now. Under captain Robert Clauss she made four wheat voyages up to 1935 , including an originally unplanned race from Hamburg to Australia in 1933 against the shipping company sister Padua under her old captain Jürgen Jürs, which she won after 62 days with a lead of just one day - a record run at the time . In 1935, Captain Jürs took over command of the Priwall for the third time (after 1920–1922 and 1925–1928) for a year . The fast sailor achieved a best performance never again undercut in 1938 under his last Laeisz captain Adolf Hauth when he circumnavigated Cape Horn from east to west in the record time of five days and almost 14 hours. On October 31, around 1:00 a.m., the Priwall crossed the 50th parallel in the Atlantic in a southerly direction and on November 5 at 2:00 p.m. in the Pacific on a north course. After returning to European waters, she left on May 16, 1939 for her last voyage under the FL flag. On July 21st she stood at Cape Horn. Heavy storms troubled her, so that after 84 days of travel she did not arrive in Corral , south of Valdivia until August 8th . After unloading and repairs, she sailed on to Talcahuano (approx. 170 nm / 320 km further north) at the end of August . When the barque anchored in Valparaíso (approx. 220 nm / 400 km further north), her last station, on September 3, 1939, she was interned as a result of the outbreak of World War II . A journey home through the Atlantic , which was ruled by the British, was impossible. In 1941 there was a threat of confiscation by the Allies . The German government anticipated this by giving the ship to the Chilean government on May 23, 1941, which had it converted into a freight sailing training ship in Alameda (California) and incorporated into the Chilean Navy ( Armada de Chile ). It received a 1,500 HP diesel engine as an auxiliary drive and was henceforth called Lautaro , after the Mapuche chief and freedom fighter Lautaro from the 16th century . As a new coat of paint, the ship was given a snow-white hull with a black water pass and underwater hull . She was also called “the beautiful white swan” ( “el bello cisne blanco” ).

SSS Lautaro ex Priwall was lost on February 28, 1945 in a fire north of Iquique .

At its fifth voyage under Chilean flag to Manzanillo in Mexico loaded with saltpetre in sacks sailors on 28 February 1945 fell about 300 km off the Peruvian coast near the port of Pisco by spontaneous combustion fire. At that time saltpeter could only be effectively extinguished with nitric mother liquor (saltpeter-saturated water, Spanish "agua madre"), which was not at hand. The fore and main mast went overboard, and the ship was listed to starboard. Twenty sailors, seven of the regular crew (including the 2nd Commander, Corvette Captain Enrique García González), the others mostly young cadets, died of smoke inhalation , burns or long periods in the water. The annealed hull was supposed to be towed by the Peruvian steamer Ucayali to Callao , but sank on the way there on March 8, 1945 as a result of water ingress through the plates that broke in the heat near the destination port. The shipwreck was a national catastrophe, similar to that of the Pamir in Germany. The then President of Chile, Juan Antonio Ríos Morales , personally chaired the funeral ceremonies in Valparaíso on March 17, 1945, in which almost the entire city took part. In 1995, the crew of the training ship Esmeralda commemorated the victims by sinking a wreath near the sinking site while sailing along the coast of Peru. In 2005 a major memorial service was held in Valparaíso, attended by the descendants of the survivors and their relatives. The shipwreck was also commemorated in 2011.

In 1989, the Falkland Islands honored the Priwall for the fastest circumnavigation of Cape Horn of all time with their own stamp.

Travels of the Priwall

1920–1921 Captain Jürgen Juers

  • March 6, 1920 Maiden voyage to Valparaíso with a crew of 34 and 200 passengers

1922–1924 Captain Carl M. Brockhöft

1925–1928 Captain Jürgen Jürs

1928–1929 Captain Karl Schubert

  • 1928/29 Hamburg - Talcahuano 94 days

1930–1931 Captain Hermann Töpper

  • 1930 Hamburg - San Annachnio 102 days
  • 1930 Mejillones - Zeebrugge 99 days
  • 1930 Hamburg - Talcahuano 89 days
  • 1931 Hamburg - Valparaíso 87 days
  • 1931 Taltal - Zeebrugge 81 days

1932–1935 Captain Robert Clauss

  • 1932 Hamburg - Port Lincoln 138 days
  • 1933 Port Victoria, Victoria (Australia) - Barry (Wales) 106 days
  • 1933 West exit of the English Channel - Port Victoria 63 days
  • 1933 December 25th Etmal of 384 nm
  • 1934 Port Victoria - Queenstown 108 days
  • 1934/35 Hamburg - Port Victoria 83 days
  • 1935 Port Victoria - Queenstown 91 days

1935–1936 Captain Jürgen Jürs

1938–1939 Captain Adolf Hauth

  • 1938 50-50 east-west circumnavigation of Cape Horn in 5 days, 14 hours
  • 1939 last trip under the FL flag from Hamburg to Valparaíso

1941–1945 five trips to Mexico under the Chilean flag

Ship data

literature

  • Grube / Richter: The big book of windjammers , Hoffmann and Campe Verlag, Hamburg , 1976; Pp. 230–237 Travel report on the record trip of the SS Priwall to Australia; Author: Captain Robert Clauß.
  • Hans Jörg Furrer: The four- and five-mast square sailors in the world . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Herford 1984, p. 170; ISBN 3-7822-0341-0
  • Peter Klingbeil: The Flying P-Liner - The sailing ships of the shipping company F. Laeisz . Verlag Die Hanse, Hamburg, 2000; ISBN 3-434-52562-9
  • Stefan Krücken: Sturmkap. Around Cape Horn and through the war. The unbelievable journey of the captain Hans Peter Juergens. Ankerherz, Hamburg, 2009, ISBN 3-940138-01-0 (About the ship's boy Hans Peter Jürgens at the time, 224 pages)
  • Hans Georg Prager : F. Laeisz shipping company. From tall ships to container travel . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg, 2004; ISBN 3-7822-0880-3
  • Kay H. Nebel : Around Cap Horn - Diary of a sailing trip with the Hamburg four-master Priwall 1937/38 . German Maritime Museum , Bremerhaven, 1978.

Web links

Commons : Priwall  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Photo: Viermastbark Priwall ( Memento from June 15, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Captains Tell - Around Cape Horn and Through the War. In: Spiegel Online photo gallery. May 15, 2009, accessed May 2, 2020 .
  3. ^ Börsen-Halle / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg stock exchange hall: Laeisz order. Retrieved December 16, 2018 .
  4. ^ Witthöft, Hans Jürgen: Tradition and Progress: 125 Years of Blohm + Voss . Koehler, 2002, ISBN 3-7822-0847-1 , p. 524/525 .
  5. ^ Neue Hamburger Zeitung: Priwall, start of the first trip. Retrieved December 16, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Stock Exchange Hall / from 1905: Hamburg Correspondent and new Hamburg Stock Exchange Hall: Laeisz-Segler in Chile WK1. In: http://www.rottbank.org/sonst/peking/PEKING.html . Dieter Merges, accessed December 15, 2018 .
  7. ^ Mutiny on the Priwall. Retrieved August 7, 2018 .
  8. ↑ the Priwall in front of S / C de La Palma. Retrieved January 21, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Chile trip 03.1931 - 09.1931. Retrieved November 28, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Hans Erichson: Record time around Cape Horn. Retrieved August 6, 2018 .
  11. ↑ [1]