Seven artistic villages

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Coat of arms of the Seven Künischen Villages

The Seven Künische Villages are located in the southern Bavarian Forest between Passau and the three-country corner of the Czech Republic , Austria and Germany . These are the villages of Wollaberg , Heindlschlag , Hintereben , Jandelsbrunn , Rosenberg , Aßberg and Grund .

These villages were called Künisch (= royal) because they were owned by the Habsburgs from 1506 to 1765 , who also held the German royal dignity at that time. The first documentary mentions are found in the middle of the 15th century, but the villages are older according to recent research. The seven Künischen villages belonged to the Rannariedl domain . This was sold on November 15, 1487 by the Passau bishop Friedrich von Öttingen to Georg the rich . Georg had given Friedrich the diocese; the bishop was in considerable debt to him. Special papal approval had to be obtained for the sale. When George the Rich died in 1503 and for his inheritanceLandshut War of Succession flared up, the German king and later Emperor Maximilian I sided with Duke Albrecht of Munich on the condition that a. a. also to preserve the castle and manor of Rannariedl. When the war ended, Rannariedl and his subjects fell to the Habsburgs in the Seven Künische Villages .
The Habsburgs claimed to be not only landowners, but also full sovereigns, invoking the forged Privilegium maius , an alleged document from Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa from the year 1156. Thus, a large part of Austrian land was pushed into the Passau principality . In the period that followed, the population developed a distinction between "künisch" and "bistumisch".
In 1765, Bishop Leopold Ernst von Firmian from Passau bought back the Seven Künische Villages from Austria for 137,787 guilders . However, Rannariedl and Falkenstein remained under the rule of the Habsburgs. This repurchase agreement had serious consequences for the Diocese of Passau: Emperor Joseph II succeeded in separating the part of the Diocese of Passau from the mother church after the death of Bishop Firmian . New Austrian dioceses were founded; Joseph had the Passau possessions in Austria confiscated in order to equip them materially. He referred to the treaty of 1765.

The Seven Künischen Villages are not to be confused with the Künischen free farmers in Bohemia .

literature

  • Friedl Härtl: The Seven Künischen Villages around Wollaberg, 1963
  • Veit, Ludwig: Altbayern row 1, booklet 35: Passau: Das Hochstift, Munich 1978
  • Schmöller: The Seven Royal Villages, 17, 85 ff.

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