Wollaberg

Wollaberg Jandelsbrunn municipality Coordinates: 48 ° 43 ′ 20 ″ N , 13 ° 40 ′ 18 ″ E
Height :	769 m
Residents :	500 (Dec. 31, 2006)
Postal code :	94118
Area code :	08581

Wollaberg, southeast view with the parish and pilgrimage church on the mountain cone

Wollaberg is a parish village and part of the municipality of Jandelsbrunn in the Lower Bavarian district of Freyung-Grafenau .

geography

Wollaberg is located in the southern Bavarian Forest , not far from the Czech and Austrian borders. The place of pilgrimage is not far from Passau , the gateway to the Bavarian Forest. The parish village is predominantly Catholic and lies at an altitude of 769 m above sea level. NN. and has about 500 inhabitants. Wollaberg is one of the so-called Seven Künischen Villages .

history

Theories about the name and its origin

The parish and pilgrimage church

According to Georg Brand (pastor in Wollaberg from 1893 to 1903), the name Wollaberg originated from Walchen or Walschen and indicates Roman origins. However, Wollaberg is outside the former Roman Empire . The Romans were called Walschen or Walchen by the Teutons . Perhaps scattered Romans got here when the Roman Empire collapsed and settled here.

The name Wollaberg can also come from wallern (pilgrimage), which is more likely to come from. Presumably there was a little church on the Wollaberg as early as the 12th century. Freyung church accounts mention pilgrimages since 1591 and especially in the plague year 1599 “when one went to Wallenperg”.

The Wollaberg-born prelate Dr. Schmöller. He suspects that Wollaberg and the surrounding villages were created around 1257, because around this time this area was given as a fief to the nearby castles by the Bishop of Passau Otto von Lonsdorf to pay his war debts. Therefore, these castle owners tried to settle this area as soon as possible in order to create fiefdoms themselves. H. the tithes to obtain.

Wollaberg in the Middle Ages

Wollaberg was a strategically important point in the Middle Ages and had the task of securing the Klafferstraße, which was also the connection to South Bohemia , the territory of the Rosenbergs on Krummau who remained Catholic and who were allied with the Passau bishop . The Klafferstraße was an important trade route for cattle between Bavaria and Hungary ; hence the name 'Ungarsteig'.

The " heresy " especially of the Waldensians seems to have been widespread in the 13th and 14th centuries as well as in the whole of Upper Austria and South Bohemia in the Wollaberg area. In 1410, before the outbreak of the Hussite Wars , the Bishop of Passau is said to have stayed in Untergriesbach and Waldkirchen for several months to counteract the "heresy". Inquisition records show that in the life of these sects, hidden nooks and crannies under the houses played an important role as places of secret gatherings and religious activities. The underground passages and chambers that often occur in the Wollaberg area, and the escape route to Aßberg in the Lichtenauer inn (former castle), can thus be assigned a historical interpretation.

Old fortified tower of the Wollaberg parish church

In 1458 troops sent by the Passau bishop Ulrich von Nussdorf moved into Bohemia against the Bohemian king Georg von Podebrady , burned some villages and stole cattle. In return, the Bohemians came and occupied Wollaberg in 1472 to block Klafferstraße. In the Saldenburg official account in 1472 the note appears that “the Pehaim [Bohemians] had settled on the Wollersperk”. This is also the first documentary mention of Wollaberg. The Prince-Bishop of Passau complained to Pope Paul II about the damage caused by the Bohemian heretics .

During excavations in the church in 1973, the foundations of what is probably the oldest stone church building were found, of which no written evidence exists. This small church had to give way to a larger church around 1500.

Wollaberg under the Habsburgs

From 1506 to 1765 Wollaberg, like the other Künischen villages, belonged to the Austrian Empire under the Habsburgs . The first written mention of the parish of Wollaberg takes place in the 16th century , because a document from 1530 reports that the Wollaberg family paid the third part of the tithe to a pastor named Ignatius Späth. Pastor Kajetan Wild (pastor in Wollaberg from 1762 to 1780) also reports that in old manuscripts it still says: "Located in the parish of Wollaberg".

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the majority of the population fell victim to the bubonic plague, including the Wollaberg parish. It was beaten to the parish of Waldkirchen , from which it originally emerged. In the year of the plague in 1650, the judges' house next to the church burned down due to arson. The fire also spread to the church, which burned to the ground. The church was rebuilt in the late Gothic style in 1655 on the remaining foundation walls.

The effort to have its own parish

Wollaberg, who was still under the spiritual authority of the Bishop of Passau, tried to get a parish again. This was of enormous economic importance, because independent parish offices included inns, in which the parishioners had to stop for baptismal drinks, weddings and funeral meals, tradesmen and shopkeepers belonged to markets. This is where the farmers from the villages met and were able to sell their surplus products on the weekly markets , such as grain, cattle, clarified butter, eggs, and here again meet their needs for goods.

The main opponents of these efforts were naturally the dean and the citizens of Waldkirchen. These wanted and could not afford to agree to a separation, because the Waldkirchen pastor would have lost his tithing (an important source of income) and the citizens of Waldkirchen would have had to accept losses, although the Rannariedler lordship complained bitterly "to help several of the market in Waldtkürchen "Thought to watch the soul's healing". Freyung church registers write about it.

Wollaberg rectory, built in 1759

Former hunting lodge of the Prince-Bishop of Passau; today Gasthaus Lichtenauer

At that time, the Counts of Salburg, as landowners and carers , ruled the area. Because Count Ferdinand von Salburg, as the ruler, did not solemnly promise the Waldkircheners not to hold an ox market etc. in Wollaberg, Wollaberg received no pastor.

The Passauer bishops, which for their income Bishopric of Passau took belonging Waldkirchen, initially showed little interest in the Wollaberger aspirations. So the Wollabers turned to their sovereign Maria Theresa . She supported these efforts, and in 1751 the Wollaberger received an exposition . The clergyman should live in the castle until his own house is built. A property was bought on the outskirts of Wollaberg in 1759, the old house was torn down and today's rectory was built on it.

In 1765 Prince-Bishop Leopold Ernst Graf von Firmian bought back the seven Künischen villages with the area around Wollaberg for 137,787 guilders from Austria . The prince-bishop also acquired the church on the Wollaberg with the associated hunting lodge. He also laid out a pheasant garden near Wollaberg, the hamlet of which is still called that today. In 1767 Wollaberg was elevated to an independent parish vicariate with two permanent pastors. This met with the displeasure of the pastor of Waldkirchen, whose benefice was thus diminished. With that he had finally earned the displeasure of the bishop and the bishop withdrew his right to appoint the pastor of Wollaberg.

19th century

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Wollaberg parish vicariate had a good 2,300 souls, while the church only had 250 places. When the masonry turned out to be dilapidated, the decision was made to build a new one instead of an extension. In 1807, the Wollaberg wanted to build a new church, but this was rejected because the Principality of Passau fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria .

Construction could not begin until 1844. They wanted to demolish the entire church first, but decided to leave the tower and the nave (current choir ) standing and to add the central nave with the aisles . The church has been facing west ever since. The draft came from the civil building inspector Leonhard Schmidtner . Unfortunately, some very old votive pictures , witnesses of a once great pilgrimage , were carelessly sold during this time . On August 25, 1845, Bishop Heinrich von Hofstätter consecrated the neo-Gothic church. In 1895, Pastor Georg Brand gave Wollaberg the status of parish again .

In the course of its history, the Wollaberg parish lost large areas: in 1840 to the newly founded Expositur Neureichenau , 1866 to the newly founded Expositur Sonnen , in 1921 Hintereben was established as a separate parish and much later, in 1968, Jandelsbrunn became its own parish.

Culture and sights

Aegidius bell from Wollaberg, cast in 1671

Buildings

The Wollaberg parish and pilgrimage church, which was enlarged in 1844 in the neo-Gothic , partly Romanesque style according to plans by Leonhard Schmidtner , following a few previous buildings, is dedicated to St. Aegidius , and in the Middle Ages this saint (one of the Fourteen Holy Helpers ) was venerated for cattle and agriculture and against the plague . The tower is mentioned as a defense tower as early as 1570 ; when it was built is unknown, probably as early as the 12th century. You can still see the loopholes that were partially walled up. Dating from around 1670 by Judge Adam Göschl donated and ornate stems Giles - church bell that still does its work today. It was mistakenly regarded as a gift from Maria Theresa and is therefore still named after her today. In 2002 an exterior and interior renovation was completed, whereby the interior was restored to its original, neo-Gothic painting.

In the parish church there are old grave monuments of people who have rendered outstanding services to Wollaberg.

Rectory in the center of the village from 1759, with a residential building and associated agricultural property, extensively renovated in 1984. It is a three-sided location open to the south.
Former hunting lodge of the Passau prince-bishops (construction time unknown). In 1765 it was bought by Prince-Bishop Firmian from the Chlam reign and converted into a hunting lodge. During the period of secularization, it was confiscated by the Free State of Bavaria and sold to private customers. Today the Gasthaus Lichtenauer is located there. The elongated building has a hipped roof .

Stolen votive picture

Cultural

Staircase pilgrimages every 13th of the month between May and October: People gather at the old rectory in the center of the village and then make a pilgrimage over the 165 stairs to the pilgrimage church to hold a pilgrimage service.
Traditional rough noodle singing on January 5th.
Traditional four-day village festival from Corpus Christi
Regular concerts in the Wollaberg parish church
Male choir and mixed choir Wollaberg

An old Christ sculpture (it showed Jesus in the dungeon) was transferred to the Bründl Chapel (also called Wieskirche ), where it was stolen in the 20th century, along with votive pictures. They have been missing since then.

Soil monuments

See: List of ground monuments in Jandelsbrunn

Leisure and sports facilities

Asphalt track at the fire station
Bayerwald golf course

literature

Chronicle of the parish Wollaberg 1893, parish archive Wollaberg
Register book of the parish Wollaberg 1903, parish archive Wollaberg
Archive of the Diocese of Passau, Wollaberg parish archive
Friedl Härtl: The seven artistic villages around Wollaberg. 1963.
Paul Praxl : The Freyung-Grafenau district. Freyung 1982, ISBN 3-87553-192-2 .
Paul Praxl: St. Giles on the Wallerberg. 1988.
Roland Plank: Commemorative publication for the completion of the exterior and interior renovation and 250 year celebration for the expositur survey. 2001.
Ulrich Pietrusky, Donatus Moosauer: The Bavarian Forest - Rediscovered in flight. Morsak Verlag, Grafenau 1985, ISBN 3-87553-228-7 .
Historical Atlas of Bavaria: Altbayern Series I Issue 35: Passau; Chapter: The State Treaty with Austria 1765

Web links

Wollaberg on the Internet