Austrian Imperial Circle

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Imperial division at the beginning of the 16th century :
  • Austrian Imperial Circle

    • The Austrian Empire is one of ten imperial circles , into which the Holy Roman Empire was divided under Emperor Maximilian I in 1500 and 1512 respectively . The Austrian Reichskreis was established at the Cologne Reichstag from 1512 and the Worms Reichstag from 1521. It existed until the end of the Old Kingdom in 1806.

    organization

    The Reichskreis included the Austrian hereditary lands . This ensured that the House of Habsburg would participate in the execution order of the empire. The countries of the Bohemian Crown were not included . However, this included the Upper Austrian areas , which were enclaves in the area of ​​the Swabian or Upper Rhine Empire . In addition, there were other spiritual and secular territories that were not directly under the Habsburgs. A special feature was that numerous prince families, who were wealthy in the Habsburg hereditary lands, were at least temporarily members of the imperial circle.
    In 1779 the Innviertel was added , after the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803 the former ecclesiastical states of Salzburg and with this Berchtesgaden , which were previously included in the Bavarian Empire .

    The prince, district director and war chief was the archduke of Austria . This circle ruled by the House of Habsburg could not play a politically independent role. Only the Hochstift Trento and the Hochstift Brixen criticized the exclusive representation of the district by Habsburg at times in the 16th century. This could not take effect due to their ties to the Habsburg County of Tyrol . Overall, the Reichskreis was not, like most of the others, a corporate, regional constitutional body, since with the House of Habsburg there was only one politically powerful district. However, he paid almost a fifth of all imperial taxes.

    The political significance of the imperial districts as a whole remained, however, especially in the east of the empire, compared to the large territories of the sovereigns. This applies especially to the Austrian Reichskreis, in which not even district assemblies were held. Representatives of the district only took part in general district meetings in the Reich.

    composition

    It comprised the following territories:

    (1)The formal status of the two parts of the country was never finally clarified during Reich times: the title always mentioned an Archduke of Austria , at best Archduke of Austria above and below the Enns , but if necessary, in terms of foreign policy, the Archduchy of Austria above the Enns was mentioned spoken, and both parts of the country were organized independently from the 1490s, at the latest from 1783.
    (2)Istria was not complete until 1797, the west coast was part of the Republic of Venice
    (3) Politically and judicially responsible, it was not until the 19th century that it was administratively subordinate to the state

    See also

    literature

    • Winfried Dotzauer: The German Imperial Circles (1383-1806) . Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07146-6 , GoogleBooks
    • Gerhard Taddey (Hrsg.): Lexicon of German history. 2. revised Ed., Stuttgart 1983, p. 921
    • Gerhard Köbler : Lexicon of the German countries. 4th edition, Munich 1992, p. 450

    historical monographs:

    • Ignatz de Luca: Geographical handbook of the Austrian state. 2. Volume The countries in the Austrian district. Verlag Johannes Paul Krauss, Vienna 1790 ( Google eBook, full view ).

    Web links

    Wikisource: Topographia Provinciarum Austriacarum  - Sources and full texts
    Wikisource: Print from 1532 and digitization of a directory of the imperial districts and the associated territories with details of the troops to be deployed for Turkish aid  - sources and full texts

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Horst Rabe: New German History. Volume 4: Empire and Split Faith. Germany 1500–1600. Beck, Munich 1989, ISBN 3-406-30816-3 , p. 125.
    2. ↑ Winfried Dotzauer: The German Imperial Circles (1383-1806). History and file edition. Steiner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-515-07146-6 , p. 564.