University of Fulda

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Alma Mater Adolphiana zu Fulda (University of Fulda), 1887
The founder: Prince Abbot Adolph von Dalberg, around 1730

The Adolphs-Universität Fulda (also: Alma Mater Adolphiana ) was a university in Fulda founded in 1734 by Prince Abbot Adolph von Dalberg . With this the seat of the Hochstift Fulda became a university town . In the course of secularization , the university was dissolved in 1805.

The Fulda Theological Faculty was continued as the successor . With the Fulda University of Applied Sciences , founded in 1974, today there is also a state university of applied sciences in Fulda .

history

With the personal and structural development in the 9th century, the Fulda Monastery rose to a cultural center with which “no other school in Germania ” can be compared. A large monastery library was created under Abbot Rabanus Maurus and the monastery school became one of the most renowned in the Franconian Empire , with names such as Otfried von Weißenburg , Walafried Strabo or Rudolf von Fulda connected.

During the tenure of Prince Abbot Balthasar von Dernbach , a Jesuit high school was opened in Fulda in 1571/1572 , which soon had 400 students. Philosophical and theological chairs were established in the course of the 17th century . The educational enterprise of the Jesuits was in Fulda by Pope Gregor XIII. strengthened by building a papal seminary in 1584 . The foundation secured a geographically wide catchment area for the students.

Foundation of the university

Pope Clement XII. had already promised the Fuldae Academia universalis papal privileges in a papal bull of July 1, 1732 . In order to further promote the care of the sciences, Emperor Charles VI. At the request of Adolph von Dalberg, on March 13, 1733, the establishment of a university in Fulda was confirmed and it was granted imperial privileges.

Adolph von Dalberg was able to prove that in Fulda science had been cultivated since the time of Abbot Baugulf and the privilege of the monastery school by Emperor Charlemagne . A new university was to be built on the ruins of the old monastery school in Fulda. Charles VI had assured the abbot and his successors that they would rule the university and its professors, doctors, students and the content of the courses; he had also given the University of Fulda all the privileges that the other German universities had.

According to the plans of the court architect Andreas Gallasini , von Dalberg had a baroque university building built from 1731 to 1734 . On September 19, 1734, Adolphs University was inaugurated with the personal participation of the bishop, the entire clergy and the secular authorities. For Rector Magnificentissimus Bishop Adolph was chosen by the professors. Vice-Rector became Provost Freiherr von Kötschan. On the occasion of the inauguration , Adolph donated a medallion , which was distributed among those present in gold, silver and bronze chips.

1734 to 1805

During the Seven Years' War , the university buildings were occupied one after the other by French, Imperial troops, Hanoverians and Prussians and used as warehouses , horse stables or military hospitals . After the Peace of Hubertusburg in 1763, Bishop Heinrich von Bibra undertook to restore Adolphiana's teaching activities . However, from then on the development went without the desired success.

Repeal and successor institutions

After secularization , the university was dissolved in 1805 by Wilhelm Friedrich Prince of Orange-Nassau . For the scientific education of the students of the Fulda seminary , the theological training institute of the Episcopal Seminary was established, from which the theological faculty of Fulda emerged .

University building

Adolphs University of Fulda, 1840
The old university today

The three-winged baroque university building was built from 1731 to 1734 according to the plans of the court architect Andreas Gallasini .

The high school, built in 1773, was continued in the university buildings as an academic lyceum and grammar school founded on September 22, 1804 . From 1835 it became a humanistic grammar school under electoral sponsorship, from 1866 royal and 1918 state. In 1945 it was named the state cathedral grammar school and has been called Rabanus-Maurus-Schule since 1948 . In 1968 the school moved from the building of the former University of Fulda in the city center to a new building in the school district.

The auditorium of the Old University ( Oratorium Marianum , Marienkapelle) was used as a Protestant church from 1803 to 1902 and after the destruction of the Christ Church in a bomb attack from 1946 to 1949 . There is also a playable organ in the auditorium.

The former university building now houses the Adolf von Dalberg primary school .

The University Square is named after the nearby on the eastern edge of the square building.

Faculties

The Adolphs-Universität Fulda was divided into four faculties :

  1. Catholic theology
  2. philosophy
  3. medicine
  4. law Sciences

In the theology department, the chairs were initially occupied by both Jesuits - until the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773 - and by scholars of the Benedictine order .

students

During the 71 years of its existence, the university had about 4,100 students. Of these, 935 came from the city of Fulda and around 400 from the area of ​​the later districts of Fulda and Hünfeld . Most of the foreign students came mainly from Franconia , Nassau and Westphalia or from the Mainz enclaves in Hesse and Thuringia. The average number of annual new registrations is likely to have been 65 and the average number of listeners 143. According to the statements of Emperor Karl VI. the doctors and professors should examine the students in accordance with the statutes issued by the abbots before the colleges of the faculties. After passing the exam, they received the title of bachelor , master , licentiate or doctor ; as a token of their academic dignity, they were given a birett and they were dressed in their regalia . Those with a doctorate at the University of Fulda had the right to teach and take exams anywhere in the Reich as professors.

While Prince Abbot Adolph's non-Catholic students were not granted access to study at the University of Fulda according to the original statutes, a statute reform in 1777 under Prince-Bishop Heinrich von Bibra also made it possible for Protestants to study and acquire academic degrees at all institutions of the university with the exception of the Faculty of Theology.

Personalities

At the University of Fulda taught or studied among others:

  • Amand von Buseck (1685–1756), prince abbot and first prince-bishop of Fulda, director of the University of Fulda (1736)
  • Anselm Erb (1688–1767), until 1740 professor of canon law in Fulda, 53rd abbot of Ottobeuren's imperial abbey
  • Ulrich Munier (1698–1759), taught dogmatics at the university between 1738 and 1744
  • Franz Ignaz Wedekind (1710–1782), taught between 1734 and 1742 as professor of the Pandects at the university
  • Heinrich Kilber (1710–1783), taught dogmatics at the university in 1749
  • Heinrich von Bibra (1711–1788), Prince-Bishop and Abbot of Fulda, studied law at the University of Fulda
  • Karl Busäus (1714–1782), Jesuit, theologian and university professor, professor of theology
  • Isidorus Keppler (1715–1792), Roman Catholic theology professor
  • Karl von Piesport (1716–1800), theologian and philosopher, Benedictine
  • Ludwig Beck (1728–1794), professor of theology from 1760 to 1764, chair of canon law from 1764 to 1773, abbot of Münsterschwarzach Abbey from 1773 to 1794
  • Nikolaus Burkhäuser (1733–1809), Jesuit and philosopher, studied in Fulda
  • Sturmius Bruns (1749–1779), Professor linguarum orientalium (1773) and Professor and Doctor of Theology (1774)
  • Siegmund von Bibra (1750–1803), theologian and writer
  • Benedikt Balthasar Herrlein (1750–1809), Catholic priest and poet
  • Johann von Reibelt (* 1752), canon
  • Franz Andreas Schramm (1752–1799), Subregens, later dogmatist in Heidelberg
  • Thomas Christian Tychsen (1758–1834), Evangelical Lutheran orientalist and theologian
  • Friedrich Münter (1761–1830), theologian, philologist and bishop
  • Ferdinand August von Spiegel (1764–1835), was Archbishop of Cologne from 1824 to 1835, studied theology, philosophy and law in Fulda
  • Heinrich Komp (1765–1846), Catholic theologian, from 1803 the last rector of the university
  • Giovanni Antonio Marcacci (1769–1854), came from Locarno (Canton Ticino, Switzerland), studied law in Fulda from 1789, became a Swiss politician and diplomat
  • Anton Thomas (1778–1837), professor and then mayor of Fulda

literature

  • Leinweber, Josef: Directory of the students in Fulda: from 1574 to 1805. Declaration of the theological faculty Fulda for Bishop Dr. Eduard Schick on his 85th birthday. Frankfurt am Main: Knecht, 1991. Fulda Studies 3.
  • Mühl, Werner August: T he Enlightenment at the University of Fulda with special consideration of the philosophical and legal faculties 1734–1805. Fulda: Parzeller 1961 = sources and treatises on the history of the abbey and diocese of Fulda 20.
  • Polley, Rainer: The Adolphsuniversitaet Fulda 1734-1805. Exhibition of the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, Marburg September 6th - October 12th 1984, Fulda October 22nd - November 30th 1984. Marburg: Hess. State Archives 1984. Writings of the Hessian State Archives Marburg 2.
  • Richter, Gregor: Student register of the Adolphs University in Fulda (1734–1805). Publications of the Fulda History Association; 15. Fulda: share printing company 1936.

Web links

Commons : University of Fulda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ Werner August Mühl: The Enlightenment at the University of Fulda with special consideration of the philosophical and legal faculties (1734-1805) in: Sources and treatises on the history of the abbey and the diocese of Fulda 20 , Fulda 1961, p. 20.
  2. ↑ Werner Kathrein , Dieter Wagner: Erbe und Sendung, II. The Hochstift Fulda - From the Middle Ages to the Baroque . Strasbourg 1999, p. 12 f.
  3. ↑ The third general of the Jesuits, Franz von Borgia , made a particular contribution to this.
  4. ↑ Werner Kathrein, Dieter Wagner: Erbe und Sendung, II. The Hochstift Fulda - From the Middle Ages to the Baroque . Strasbourg 1999, p. 30 f.
  5. ↑ Today the premises of the Vonderau Museum are housed here.
  6. ↑ a b c C. Laverrenz: The medals and commemorative marks of the German universities. A contribution to the history of the universities in Germany. Part 2, p. 125 f.
  7. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2221 of September 19, 1734.
  8. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 1733 March 13.
  9. ^ Universities of Vienna , Salzburg , Ingolstadt , Freiburg im Breisgau , Dillingen an der Donau, Bamberg , Würzburg , Cologne and others.
  10. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2210 of March 13, 1733.
  11. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2221 of September 19, 1734.
  12. ^ History of the theological faculty in Fulda. Theological Faculty of Fulda , accessed on April 29, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Lara Calderari: Andrea Galassini. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 22, 2005 , accessed August 11, 2010 .
  14. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2414 of October 22, 1805.
  15. ↑ Organ portrait with sound examples on Youtube
  16. ^ A b Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg: Matriculation book of the University of Fulda. Title page with portrait of Prince Abbot Adolph von Dalberg, 1734-1805 in: DigAM - digitales archiv marburg (accessed on August 10, 2010)
  17. ↑ HStAM Best. Urk. 75 No. 2210 of March 13, 1733.
  18. ↑ Werner August Mühl: The Enlightenment at the University of Fulda with special consideration of the philosophical and legal faculties (1734-1805) in: Sources and treatises on the history of the abbey and the diocese of Fulda 20 . Fulda 1961, p. 53 ff.
  19. ^ Hans Rudolf Schneider: Giovanni Antonio Marcacci (1769-1854): a Ticino as a Swiss politician and diplomat between the Ancien Régime and Regeneration . Basel, 1975, p. 28.
  20. ^ Hans Rudolf Schneider: Giovanni Antonio Marcacci. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 21, 2010 , accessed August 10, 2010 .

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 ′ 6 "  N , 9 ° 40 ′ 45"  E