Meissnian guilder

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The Meißnian gulden (also Meißner gulden and Meißnian gulden ), abbreviation Mfl. , is a Rhenish gold gulden set in Saxony in 1490 to 21  groschen and from 1542 to 1838 a bill coin (a fictitious bill gulden ) of the same value.

When the Saxon guldengroschen (silver gulden, thaler coins), which had been equal in value to the gold gulden since 1500, were set at 24 groschen in 1542, the Meissnian gulden remained in use as a bill of 21 groschen in Saxony until the 19th century.

Explanation

Saxon silver guilder undated , Mmz. Cross (1512–1523), Annaberg Mint . In terms of value, this guilder corresponded to the Rhenish gold guilder and was equivalent to 21  interest groschen . When the later silver guilders were set at 24 groschen, the bill guilders at 21 groschen were created in addition to the minted guilder .
Electoral Saxon guilder from 1696 (⅔ Kuranttaler), Dresden mint . A clear distinction must be made between this minted gulden and the fictitious invoice term “gulden” (Meißnian guilder).

The Meissnian guilder, which was used as an invoice coin until the 19th century, goes back to the Saxon coinage system of August 9, 1490, according to which the gold guilder in Saxony was set at 21 groschen ( pointed groschen ) (gold guilder: groschen = 1: 21 - see beard groschen ).

The large silver coins introduced in Saxony in 1500, the silver gulden or gulden groschen, the first taler coins (so-called Klappmützentaler ) were of equal value with the gold gulden. They were also worth 21 groschen ( interest groschen ). When the Saxon guldengroschen were set at 24 groschen in 1542, the Meissnian gulden remained in use in Saxony as a bill coin of 21 groschen, regardless of the respective coinage rate, in the spelling at that time as "a fictitious type of Müntz, so in bills just 21 groschen counts ." In addition to the minted guldengroschen (thaler), a fictitious bill guilder was created. A silver coin equivalent to the gold guilder has turned into a count of 21 groschen. The calculating and counting unit (1 Meissen gulden = 21 groschen) was used in Saxony until the end of the currency period of the Convention in 1838. This was mainly the case with property purchases and contracts .

A very rare exception is the golden imperial guilder at 21 groschen (1584) . The gulden is lighter than a normal gold gulden, which cannot be otherwise, because it is actually a Meißnian gulden that is actually pronounced on a special occasion.

The term "guilder" is ambiguous. With the introduction of the Zinnaische Münzfußes in 1667, the ⅔ thaler piece was introduced at 16 groschen. The value of the coin corresponded to the imperial imperial gulden at 60  kreuzers ( guldentaler at 60 kreuzers). That is why the name “guilder” has become common in Saxony for the Stück piece. “Gulden” is often used to denote both the ⅔ piece and the Meissnian gulden. The Meissnian guilder does not mean this thaler piece, but the bill coin of 21 groschen.

The Meissen gulden during the period of validity of the Convention

The taler, which counted as the currency and unit of account, and the gulden as the unit of account (abbreviated "fl."), As well as the pronounced denominations, are listed below to explain the context during the period of validity of the Convention base in Saxony (1763–1838) . The Meissnian guilder was used in bills for the last time during this period.

The following applied:

1. as currency and unit of account:

  • 1 Taler ( Reichstaler ) = 24 Groschen = 288 Pfennig = 576 Heller (The Taler is a currency and unit of account. It was not minted.)
    • 1 groschen ( 1 ⁄ 24 thaler) = 12 pfennigs = 24 hellers
    • 1 pfennig = 2 hellers

2. as the unit of account:

  • 1 guilder (abbreviated "fl.") = 21 groschen (the guilder is the fictitious unit of account "Meissnian guilder".)

3. Coins minted according to the Convention:

In the mints of Dresden and Leipzig the following were minted:
  • Speciestaler (Convention Speciestaler), actually Doppelgulden (= 1 ⅓ units Credits = 32 pennies)
  • ⅔ Taler (Gulden) = 16 Groschen = ½ Conventional Thaler
  • ⅓ Taler (½ Gulden) = 8 Groschen = ¼ Conventional Thaler
  • ⅙ Taler (¼ Gulden) = 4 Groschen = ⅛ Convention Thaler
  • 1 ⁄ 12 thaler (1 double groschen or ⅛ gulden) = 1 ⁄ 16 conventionalthaler
  • 1 ⁄ 24 thalers (1 groschen or 1 ⁄ 16 gulden) = 1 ⁄ 32 conventionalthalers

(Pennies, threes and sixes were not convention money. The ducats were trading coins.)

The bill thaler at 24 groschen and the bill guilder (Meissen gulden) at 21 groschen, i.e. the fictitious bill units "thaler" and "gulden", must not be confused with the minted speciestalers and the ⅔ thalers (gulden). The Meissen gulden (the unit of 21 groschen) was no longer used from 1839 after the introduction of the 14 thaler foot .

See also

literature

  • Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde , Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaft, Berlin 1974
  • Lienhard Buck: The coins of the Electorate of Saxony 1763 to 1806 , Berlin 1981
  • Gerhard Krug: The Meissnian-Saxon Groschen 1338–1500 , Berlin 1974
  • Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 , Swiss Numismatic Review, Volume 59, 1980
  • Friedrich von Schrötter (eds.) With N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer , J. Wilcke: Dictionary of Coin Studies , de Gruyter, Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930)
  • Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatics , Berlin 1976
  • Helmut Kahnt: The large lexicon of coins from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Pandactae & Digesta Arithmetices, Or: Ordinary term of the entire… 1722: Abbreviation Mfl, no Abbreviatur acc. directory
  2. ↑ Gerhard Krug: The Meissnisch-Saxon Groschen 1338-1500 , p. 101
  3. ↑ Heinz Fengler, ...: transpress Lexikon Numismatik ..., p. 221 (here and with von Schrötter wrongly 1498 instead of 1490)
  4. ^ Lienhard Buck: The coins of the Electorate of Saxony 1763 to 1806 , p. 38: Unit of account while the Convention was still in effect
  5. ^ Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 ..., p. 64: 1 Gulden = 21 Groschen has been in effect since 1490
  6. ^ Gerhard Krug: The Meissnisch-Saxon Groschen 1338-1500 , p. 100/104
  7. ↑ Joachim Ernst von Beust: "Sciagraphia iuris monetandi in sacro imperio Romano-Germanico, or draft ...", Leipzig 1745 (under guilders)
  8. ↑ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde ..., p. 151
  9. ^ Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 ..., p. 64
  10. ^ Lienhard Buck: The coins of the Electorate of Saxony 1763 to 1806 , p. 37
  11. ^ Paul Arnold: The Saxon Thaler Currency from 1500 to 1763 ..., P. 90/91
  12. ^ Lienhard Buck: The coins of the Electorate of Saxony 1763 to 1806 , p. 38
  13. ↑ Paul Arnold, Harald Küthmann, Dirk Steinhilber: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today , Augsburg 1997, p. 256
  14. ^ Lienhard Buck: The coins of the Electorate of Saxony 1763 to 1806 , p. 38: units of account and actually pronounced special thalers and convention gulden