Oberzella
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Oberzella
City of Vacha
Coordinates: 50 ° 50 ′ 26 ″ N , 10 ° 2 ′ 18 ″ E
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| Height : | 240 m above sea level NN |
| Residents : | 368 (2012) |
| Incorporation : | October 16, 1993 |
| Postal code : | 36404 |
| Area code : | 036962 |
 Location of Oberzella in Vacha
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 Well on the outskirts of Oberzella.
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Oberzella is a district of Vacha in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .
location
Oberzella is located on the Hessian-Thuringian border, about two kilometers northeast of the center of Vacha. Just south of the village, on the high bank of the Werra , is the Unterzella district . In the area there are also the deserted areas of the former small settlements of Heiligenroda , Schwenge and Niederndorf , and Unterzella was formed at the former ferry house on the banks of the Werra.
To the east of the village, the wooded mountain Hohe Wart marks the boundary and at the same time forms the highest elevation, its height is 400.9 m above sea level. NN . The geographic height of the place is 240 m above sea level. NN .
history
The village of Oberzella probably goes back to the founding of the Hersfeld monastery and was first mentioned in 912. The center of the settlement was a "cella" which was later transferred to the neighboring Kreuzberg monastery and was under the bailiwick of the Lords of Frankenstein .
The Werra floodplain , which extends between Vacha and Oberzella, still had the character of a floodplain forest until the Merovingian era , the section of the valley was interspersed with puddles of water and swampy meadows, and the oxen and the Werra flowing into it in the immediate vicinity had formed several river arms at that time. In the small side valley on the western edge of the Frauenseer Forst , the small settlements Thalhausen (now part of the Hessian neighboring town of Philippsthal ), Niederndorf, Heiligenroda and Schwenge were created by clearing , they were economically and administratively connected to Oberzella. Heiligenroda was the most important place and had a parish, which was moved to Oberzella in the 15th century. With the relocation of the Hohen Straße leading via Vacha to the stage location Marksuhl , Oberzella was upgraded; travelers were accommodated and fed in the village if the Werra crossing to Vacha appeared impassable due to floods or ice and was temporarily closed.
With the secularization of the Kreuzberg monastery, Heiligenroda was expanded to become a manor and, after multiple changes of ownership, it fell to the noble Donop family, who owned it until 1889.
According to local tradition, there was a first church in Oberzella as early as the 14th century; Even before 1342 there was a wooden bridge over the Werra near Vacha, and a ferryman in Unterzella carried out the transfer of travelers. Parts of the furnishings and old photos of the half-timbered church built in 1779 have been preserved, the half-timbered building was demolished around 1900 and replaced by the current church building in 1903.
The Hohe Wart is a 401.1 m high elevation about three kilometers north-northeast of Oberzella, on the land border between the town of Vacha and Frauensee in the Wartburg district in Thuringia . On the summit of this mountain there is said to have been a control room, which could have been a guard point in connection with the Kreuzberg monastery or the Vacha castle Wendelstein .
When the Napoleonic troops withdrew, all of the stages along the route between Berka / Werra and Vacha, also known as the “Napoleon Road”, were attacked and looted. The owner of Niederndorf had hidden his valuables in a walled-in cellar corridor, but the looters noticed the fresh mortar and all the loot, which included valuable furniture and gold and silver jewelry, was taken away by the French.
After the end of Napoleon's foreign rule, the previous Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach enjoyed considerable gains in the Thuringian Rhön. In 1816 the places Oberzella, Niederndorf, Schwenge, Unterzella and Heiligenroda came from the Vogtei Kreuzburg , and from the Friedewald office the places Vitzeroda , Abteroda and Gasteroda from Kurhessen to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The neighboring office of Vacha also became part of the new Grand Duchy. A curiosity of this time was the continuing connection between the Oberzella parish and the Philippsthal parish.
In 1879, based on the census of 1875, statistical information on the town of Oberzella and its districts was published. Oberzella had 59 houses and 311 residents with the “Sachsenhain” inn on the Werra. The total area was 306.4 hectares. Courtyards and gardens accounted for 8.6 ha, meadows 59.2 ha, arable land 201.1 ha, roads, drifts, wasteland and orchards accounted for 37.5 ha.
- The small settlement Heiligenroda : 2 houses with 15 inhabitants; 122.3 ha total area, including farms and gardens 1.5 ha, meadows 18.2 ha, arable land 56.9 ha. Forest 36.4 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.09 ha, on paths, drifts, wasteland and Fruit plantations accounted for 9.05 ha.
- The small settlement of Niederndorf : 4 houses with 24 residents; 49.9 ha total area, of which farms and gardens 0.08 ha, meadows 10.2 ha, arable land 37.5 ha, roads, drifts, wasteland and orchards accounted for 2.03 ha.
- The small settlement Schwenge : 4 houses with 27 inhabitants; 62.9 ha total area, including farms and gardens 1.6 ha, meadows 16.1 ha, arable land 38.3 ha. Forest 0.64 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 0.01 ha, on paths, drifts, wasteland and Orchards accounted for 6.18 ha.
At that time, Unterzella and Badelachen also belonged to the municipality of Oberzella. The livestock in all the places mentioned: comprised a total of 42 horses, 351 cattle, 1032 sheep, 211 pigs and 40 goats and 85 bee colonies.
Until the late 19th century, the economic situation around Vacha was characterized by agriculture, and the saddler, wagner, blacksmith and wheelwright trade guilds, which profited from trade, were also represented in the city, in order to secure their income they exercised guild obligations on the surrounding villages . The discovery of the potash salt deposits was an economic turning point . The auxiliary workers recruited for mining let the population of the potash district grow rapidly. At the same time there was a constant expansion of the railway tracks because the Werra until Treffurt for inland shipping was available.
In 1919 the manufacture of cables and electrical lines began in Vacha, for which cable drums were required, which were also manufactured by craftsmen from Oberzella. In 1946 the plant was expropriated, the existing buildings and systems were transferred to VEB Kabelwerk Vacha , which produced until the turn of 1990. The Oberzella production facility also became part of the VEB. With the privatization of the company, Nexans AG became the new owner of the Vacha cable works. A modern new building was erected on the company premises in Oberzella, part of the former workforce was taken over. However, economic problems, in particular the increase in the price of raw materials, led to the closure of the plant in 2009.
Because of the immediate location on the former inner-German border , the residents of the residential areas Heiligenroda, Schwenge and Niederndorf were forcibly relocated from 1961. In the 1970s, the places were completely leveled.
Population development
Development of the population:
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Culture and sights
The townscape of Oberzella is still largely shaped by the traditional half-timbered architecture of the late 18th century. Valuable buildings in the village center are under monument protection. In 2012, the community celebrated its 1100th anniversary. The Vitzeroda Cross from 1791 is the northernmost point of the Vacha city area and a sight on the former inner-German border. It stands on the Hessian-Thuringian border.
Economy and Infrastructure
Commercial areas
The Vacha / Oberzella industrial park is located on the western outskirts of the Oberzella district . It has a total area of 26.3 hectares (as of 2009), a further 17 hectares are reserved for expansion.
traffic
The county road K502 leads through the village. The combined route of federal highways 62 and 84 runs one kilometer to the south .
literature
- Olaf Ditzel, Walter Höhn: Vacha and the neighboring communities in the Oechsetal . Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg / Fulda 2011, ISBN 978-3-86568-121-8 , p. 19-20 .
- Olaf Ditzel: The time of the city of Vacha . Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld 1991, p. 72 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
- ↑ a b UL: Like a surprise egg. The tower knob and weather vane of the Oberzella church are being restored. Südthüringer Zeitung, April 20, 2012, accessed on April 23, 2012 : “This year Oberzella is celebrating its 1100 year local anniversary. A festival week will be organized from June 30th to July 8th. "
- ↑ Arno Volland: On the history of the traffic routes in the area of the Werrawinkel Vacha – Gerstungen – Hörschel . In: ZHG . tape 71 . Kassel 1960, p. 17-36 .
- ↑ Olaf Dietzel: The time of origin of the city of Vacha . Ott Verlag, Bad Hersfeld 1991, p. 52 .
- ↑ Olaf Dietzel: The time of origin of the city of Vacha . 1991, p. 20 .
- ↑ Olaf Dietzel: The time of origin of the city of Vacha . 1991, p. 46 .
- ↑ 100 years of Oberzella church. (No longer available online.) Evangelical Lutheran Church Congregation Vacha and Oberzella, February 2010, formerly in the original ; accessed on April 20, 2012 : “Oberzella celebrated the 100th anniversary of its church in August 2003. The village of Celle itself with its possessions was part of the basic equipment - that is, the first gift handed down to us - to the newly founded nunnery in Kreuzberg (today Philippsthal). Kreuzberg was founded as a daughter monastery of Hersfeld. The name Celle may refer to a monk cell originally existing here, which may have originated from the Hersfeld or Fulda Abbey. ... The first small half-timbered church in Oberzella (side length only approx. 7m x 5m) stood at the confluence of Lindenstrasse with Schulstrasse. Construction began in 1718 and dragged on until 1730 due to a lack of funds. The tower originally had only one bell. In autumn 1843 two new bells were bought for the community and the old ones were returned. On May 3, 1903, the local chaplain, Deacon Gruber, held the last service in the old church building. The church was demolished on July 27th. The new church was built to the north of it on the former cemetery site. The foundation stone was laid on May 27th. The new inauguration took place on the 4th Sunday of Advent, December 20, 1903. "
- ↑ a b C. Kronfeld, Regional Studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Second part. Weimar 1879 pp. 99-100.
- ↑ Cable plant in Vacha is about to go bankrupt. (No longer available online.) Fuldaer Zeitung, March 17, 2009, formerly in the original ; accessed on April 20, 2012 : “According to the managing director Francis Krähenbühl, several million euros are said to have been made in Vacha. "Since 2005 a minus of at least 1.6 million to 2.3 million euros has been achieved", he informed the employees during a works meeting. From the point of view of the group's board of directors, the end of the plant had been considered for a long time due to the continuing drop in prices and the decline in customer orders. "
- ↑ Business parks in the Wartburg region. (No longer available online.) In: Wartburgkreis-Online. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved February 18, 2010 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ District Office Wartburgkreis (Ed.) The business location Wartburgkreis - City of Eisenach, information folder Bad Salzungen / Eisenach 1998. p. 20
Martinroda | Upper cell with lower cell | Vacha with bathing laughs | Völkershausen with Busengraben , Furthmühle , Hedwigshof , Kohlgraben , Luttershof , Rodenberg , Sauermühle and Willmanns | Wölferbütt with Mariengart and Masbach
Desolations : Heiligenroda , Niederndorf and Schwenge