Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn
Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn (* 15. February 1673 in Würzburg ; † 18th August 1724 at Oesfeld ) was a German clergyman, dean in Würzburg and 1719 Prince Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg .
Life
Johann Philipp Franz was the eldest son of the Electoral Mainz State Minister Melchior Friedrich Graf von Schönborn-Buchheim (1644–1717) and his wife Freiin Maria Anna Sophia von Boineburg (1652–1726) and the nephew of Mainz Elector and Archbishop Lothar Franz von Schönborn . His younger brothers were the Prince-Bishops Friedrich Karl von Schönborn and Damian Hugo Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim as well as the Trier Elector and Archbishop Franz Georg von Schönborn and the politician Rudolf Franz Erwein von Schönborn . From 1681 he attended a Jesuit grammar school in Aschaffenburg and then studied in Würzburg , Mainz and Rome until 1693 .
He gained his first diplomatic experience in England, the Netherlands and France, where palace buildings like Versailles made a lasting impression on him. In 1685 Canon, from 1699 in the Würzburg Cathedral Chapter, he was elected Prince-Bishop in 1719. He received the episcopal ordination from his powerful uncle Lothar Franz von Schönborn , who had actually favored his younger brother Friedrich Karl. In the following years he often criticized the government of his nephew, who was unpopular with the population and could not achieve any importance in imperial politics.
Drastic tax increases, among other things to finance the construction of the huge Würzburg Residence , which began in 1720, caused displeasure. A year later he laid the foundation for also by Balthasar Neumann designed Schönborn Chapel in Wuerzburg Cathedral , which as an exclusive dynastic grave lay was intended for the church leaders of his family from him even before the 1719th
Domestically, he promoted the economy with a new craft regulations and the expansion of the Main shipping.
After a hunting trip, Johann Philipp Franz suffered a circulatory collapse, of which he died. Some of his death was received with joy and it was suspected that he might have been poisoned. The finding of the exenteration is "stretched flow" (an old term for meningitis ) or inflammatio ventriculi cordis et spissitudo sanguinis . However, the suspicion of a poisoning attack that arose in February of that year cannot be confirmed with certainty, the possible background and instigator of which otherwise remain completely unclear.
He never lived in his residential building, barely a fifth of the building mass was brought under the roof and his successor Christoph Franz von Hutten almost completely stopped the expensive construction work, although the first four-wing block of the north wing was almost completed under him. Only his successor, Johann Philipp Franz's younger brother, Friedrich Karl von Schönborn , elected Prince-Bishop of Würzburg in 1729 , had the enormous building completed by 1744. The will is not recorded. His extensive estate is sequestered and sold to repay the high penal debts accumulated under Johann Philipp Franz.
With his brother, Friedrich Karl, he gave his name to the art-historical term Schönbornzeit for the epoch of Würzburg and Franconian history that began between his inauguration and the death of his brother.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Schönborn, Johann Philipp Franz . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 31st part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1876, p. 137 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Theodor Henner: Schönborn, Johann Philipp Franz Graf von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, pp. 277-280.
- Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 647–666, passim.
- Alfred Wendehorst : Johann Philipp Franz Graf von Schönborn. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 546 ( digitized version ).
- Winfried Romberg: Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn (1719–1724). In: The Diocese of Würzburg 8: The Würzburg bishops from 1684 to 1746. (= Germania Sacra . Third series, volume 8). De Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-030537-1 , pp. 285-360 ( PDF ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cf. for example Matthias Birnstiel: Module General Pathology .
- ↑ Winfried Romberg, p. 346.
- ^ Winfried Romberg: p. 347
- ^ Max H. von Freeden : Würzburg's residence and Fürstenhof at the time of Schönborn. Amorbach 1961, especially p. 5.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths |
Prince-Bishop of Würzburg 1719–1724 |
Christoph Franz von Hutten |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schönborn, Johann Philipp Franz von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince-Bishop of Würzburg |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 15, 1673 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wurzburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 18, 1724 |
| Place of death | near Bad Mergentheim |