Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths

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Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths around 1710/1715, painted by Georg Franz Mika from Prague (Museum for Franconia)
Coat of arms of the Prince-Bishop on the Neumünster Church in Würzburg

Baron Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths , also Greiffenclau-Vollraths or Greiffenclau-Vollrads (born February 13, 1652 in Amorbach , Lower Franconia ; † August 3, 1719 in Würzburg ) was Prince-Bishop of Würzburg from February 9, 1699 until his death and thus also Duke in Franconia .

Life

Johann Philipp came from the noble family von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths and was a son of the Electorate of Mainz, Georg Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths and his wife Rosina von Oberstein .

In 1666 Johann Philipp was domiciled in Würzburg and in 1676 received the minor orders and the subdiaconate . Since 1684 member of the Würzburg cathedral chapter , since 1686 he also held the office of cathedral choirmaster .

In 1687 he was ordained a priest and in 1695 was appointed cathedral dean in Mainz.

On February 9, 1699, the Würzburg Cathedral Chapter elected him Bishop of Würzburg, against the candidate Lothar Franz von Schönborn , Archbishop of Mainz, supported by Vienna . After the election of Pope Innocent XII. was confirmed on June 1 of the same year, Johann Philipp received the episcopal ordination on June 5, 1699 in the cathedral in Würzburg .

West facade of the Würzburg Neumünster with the name of the Prince-Bishop: JOANNES PHILIPPUS EPISCOPUS

During his time as prince-bishop and patron of the arts (as building owner or initiator), referred to as the "Greiffenclau time", a lot of building activity developed in Würzburg. So are u. a. The remodeling of the western parts of the Neumünster Church that took place from 1711 to 1716 and, above all, the interior decoration of the cathedral by Pietro Magno can be attributed to. The construction of a new building (north wing) for the Würzburg Jesuit College (which later became the Würzburg seminary ) and the spacious new building of the north wing with the prince's pavilion of 1579, carried out by Antonio Petrini and Joseph Greising from 1699/1700 to 1714, was also built by Joseph Greissing from 1715 to 1719 Julius Echter's Juliusspital , founded by Mespelbrunn , was thanks to him.

The Greiffenclaupalais ("Red Building" in today's Theaterstrasse)

The construction of St. Peter's Church, built by Joseph Greissing from 1717 to 1720 in Würzburg, was also funded by Johann Philipp. Under Johann Philipp, a second residence, the so-called “ Schlösslein ”, was built in addition to the Marienberg Fortress from 1700 to 1705 , but was never occupied and was demolished in 1720 when the construction of the Würzburg Residence began. Soon after his election as Prince-Bishop, Johann Philipp drove the expansion of the fortress. The result was there (probably to plans by the hochstiftigen engineer captain Andreas Müller) 1709-1712, a new powerful stuff construction on the esplanade in front of the Real Bastion and 1708 the Ravelin (an upstream the main wall outside plant) "Teutschland" with the western gate (called Äußerers Höchberger Gate) . In today's Theaterstraße 23, the Greiffenclau family palace was built between 1706 and 1709, probably designed by Andreas Müller, very close to the “Schlösslein” as a so-called “Red Building” (today at the corner of Theaterstraße / Oeggstraße). The design of Hof Ingelheim-Guttenberg (the former Hof zum St. Gallus ), built between 1710 and 1720 and increased by a third floor in 1790, could also come from Müller . From 1705 Johann Philipp had Gereuth Castle built as a baroque country seat on a privately acquired estate .

Guttenberg farm in Würzburg

Although it is said that he was under the influence of the imperial court chamber and war councilor Jakob von Hollach , his contemporaries considered Johann Philipp to be kind and humane. This is reflected, for example, in the fact that in 1712 he allowed the foundation of the Ursuline monastery in Würzburg.

The apparently modest sovereign had the distribution of the price publication of the Würzburg court counselor Johann Valentin Kirchgeßner Gryphus Principalis sive Typus boni Principis (“Princely griffin or model of a prince”) published on his 60th birthday in 1712 and provided with exaggerated prince .

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 647.
  2. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, pp. 628-630 and 946.
  3. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. 2004, p. 635 f.
  4. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. Pp. 631-635.
  5. ↑ Stefan Kummer: Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. P. 628.
predecessor Office successor
Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
1699–1719 		Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn
personal data
SURNAME Greiffenclau zu Vollraths, Johann Philipp von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Greiffenclau-Vollraths, Johann Philipp von; Greiffenclau-Vollrads, Johann Philipp von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Duke in Franconia
DATE OF BIRTH February 13, 1652
PLACE OF BIRTH Amorbach , Lower Franconia
DATE OF DEATH August 3, 1719
Place of death Wurzburg