Konrad von Boyneburg

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Konrad von Boyneburg

Konrad von Boyneburg the Elder (also called Kurt and "the little Hesse"; * 1494 in Bischhausen ; † June 29, 1567 in Schelklingen ) from the widely ramified noble family of those von Boyneburg , was a leader of Landsknechten under Emperor Karl V.

family

His father was Reinhart von Boyneburg with possessions in Wichmannshausen , Bischhausen and Röhrda , Lüder (then the diocese of Fulda ) and Bonaforth (Prussian province of Hanover). He was bailiff in Grünberg (1466), from 1479 Hessian advice and Hofmeister and died in 1504 in the Hesse siege Umstadt during the Bavarian feud . Konrad's mother was Katharina (Magdalena), née von Brandenstein . He had a sister, Anna (* 1479), and two brothers, Reinhart († 1554) and Georg.

Life

Baron Konrad von Boyneburg , also known as "von Bem (m) elberg", was born in 1494 in Bischhausen . He came to the court of Duke Eberhard II of Württemberg as a page at the age of twelve, together with a son from the neighborhood, the tall Heinrich Treusch von Buttlar from Brandenfels Castle (in what is now the Südringgau) . Even then, he was given his nickname, "the little Hess" and even mentioned as "Clainhess" in documents.

In 1504 Konrad von Boyneburg joined the Württemberg squad as a "Junker", which fought for Maximilian I under Duke Ulrich von Württemberg during the Landshut War of Succession in 1504/05. He then moved in 1505 in the imperial army against the Republic of Venice .

Coat of arms of the southern German line of the Barons von Boyneburg, who called themselves von Bem (m) elberg

In 1514 Boyneburg also stood out in the cruel suppression of the peasant uprising " Poor Konrad ". In 1515 Boyneburg left the Stuttgart court because his friend, the Franconian knight and stable master Ulrichs, Hans von Hutten , was killed from behind by Duke Ulrich after Hutten had publicized Ulrich's relationship with Hutten's wife Ursula Thumb von Neuburg .

He temporarily went back to the Ringgau , entered the service of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and fought in the army of the Swabian Confederation in 1519 against his former master, Duke Ulrich von Württemberg, who opposed the anger of the nobility over the murder of Huttens and property disputes with the Swabian Federation . During Franz von Sickingen's feud against the Landgraviate of Hesse in 1521, he defended the small fortress of Stein near Worms for the Hessians. With the entry of Hesse into the Swabian Federation, the feud became obsolete, as Sickingen was also a member of the Federation.

Boyneburg got to know the field captain Georg von Frundsberg and Friedrich von Fürstenberg and probably became one of their captains when they marched against northern France in 1521. Sickingen, who allegedly also hired this troop to fight against France in 1522 , but then moved against Trier , was placed under imperial ban in October 1522 and succumbed to his wounds on May 5, 1523. With the Reichsacht, Fürstenberg's regiment stood aside. In the same year the regiment entered the imperial Habsburg service, including Boyneburg, and fought with the troops of Charles V for French Burgundy against Francis I of France .

End of 1523 left Konrad von Boyneburg the regiment and went to Tyrol to mercenaries for its own troop to recruit. With this he rejoined Fürstenberg's troops, who moved to Italy via Milan and Lodi , Cremona and Genoa . In 1525 he distinguished himself in the Battle of Pavia . Frundsberg, who commanded an army of approx. 12,000 mercenaries as a relief army, appointed Boyneburg lieutenant general and his deputy. His general staff was adorned with the motto "If that ends well, everything is good".

After Boyneburg had defeated the Duke of Urbino near Mantua , he moved against Rome under Charles of Bourbon . When Frundsberg suffered a stroke in March 1526 , Boyneburg took over command of 35 mercenaries with whom he conquered the suburbs of Gianicolo and S. Spirito from Rome on May 6, 1527 . Then he stormed the Sixtus Bridge with 30 little flags, which was in the fire of the cannons of the Castel Sant'Angelo . Since the German mercenaries were withheld their pay and were forbidden to plunder, a riot broke out among them. Boyneburg, outraged by these grievances, saw himself unable to reassure his soldiers, and thereupon resigned his command. The massacres, looting and destruction that followed at the infamous Sacco di Roma were described as the worst that Rome had experienced since the fall of the Roman Empire.

In 1530, Boyneburg returned to Germany after he had taken over the supreme command again and appalled Naples , accompanied the emperor to the Reichstag in Augsburg , and was made a "Golden Knight " by Charles V.

Boyneburg was then characterized by the conquest of Florence and in 1532 in the war against the Ottomans . In 1534 he was defeated and wounded in the battle of Lauffen in the fight against Philipp von Hessen and Ulrich von Württemberg. In 1530, he was rewarded with lien over the lordships of Ehingen, Schelklingen and Berg, including the Ehingen City Palace and Hohenschelklingen Castle and other properties near Augsburg .

In 1536 he fought again against the French on the side of Emperor Charles V on the second move to Rome. In 1542 he fought successfully against the Turks, and in 1544 he took part in the further battles against France and in the Schmalkaldic War . As an organizer and experienced Feldobrist he wrote 1544/1545 a "War Ordinance for Landsknechte". In the Schmalkaldic War, however, his luck ran out: because of the handover of Reims to the Protestant princes, he briefly lost the emperor's favor. In 1557 he helped Philip II of Spain to victoriously end the battle of St. Quentin against the French. From King Ferdinand I he received the title of "Court War Councilor" and "Field Captain".

In Schelklingen he married Susanna von Neuhausen at a mature age and thus founded the family that flourished in southern Germany as barons von Bem (m) elberg until the beginning of the 19th century. His son Konrad von Bem (m) elberg the Younger initially took over the lien over Ehingen, Schelklingen and Berg. After Austria terminated this lien, he acquired Hohenburg-Bissingen in 1568 . After his death in 1591, the family acquired the Erolzheim estate and castle in Upper Swabia in 1594 . This castle was the main residence of the von Bemelberg family with Alois von Bömmelberg (also written here by Bömmelberg ) on July 19, 1826 , until the family died out.

Boyneburg's field cuirass from the hand of Landshut plumber Wolfgang Großscheldel from around 1535/40 is now kept in the Vienna Art History Museum (court hunt and armory).

Konrad von Boyneburg's life and portrait found its way into Ludwig Bechstein's "200 German Men in Portraits and Biographies" (Leipzig 1854). He died on June 29, 1567 in Schelklingen in the castle he had built and was buried in the choir of the local parish church in 1567, where an epitaph was attached, which, however, has not been preserved. His personality must have been controversial even then. He was surely bursting with the urge to work and vitality, but also knew how to use his mercenaries skillfully, although he often had to capitulate to the elected soldiers' councils (as a representative of the team) if the pay demands could not be met. But he was also politically skilled enough to repeatedly avoid social danger zones and to fight successful battles for frequently changing assignments until his end.

His descendants were in 1571 by Emperor Maximilian II. In the realm baron conditions applicable.

See also

literature

  • Karl Bernhardi:  Boineburg, Konrad Reichsfreiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 224-226.
  • Günther Franz:  Boineburg, Konrad Reichsfreiherr von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 425 ( digitized version ).
  • Waldemar Küther and Gerhard Seib: Konrad von Boyneburg (Bemelberg), a Landsknechtsführer from Hesse in the 16th century. In: Hessian year books for national history. 19, 1969, pp. 234-295. Reprinted and provided with additional images as Waldemar Küther: Konrad von Bemelberg: A Soldier's Life. (= Schelklinger booklets. 19). City archive, Schelklingen 1994.
  • E. Solger: The Landsknechtsobrist Konrat von Bemelberg the little Hess. Publishing house of the CH Beck'schen Buchhandlung, Nördlingen 1870.
  • HL Bezzenberger: Konrad von Boineburg (Kurt von Bemmelberg), the little Hesse. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für 1855. Verlag O. Bertram, Kassel 1855, pp. 85–115. (books.google.de)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The dates vary between 1487 and 1494 - today the latter is considered authentic.
  2. ↑ Bemelberg , Beimelberg , Pemelberg , Bemmelberg , Bemblberg , Pemblberg , Pamlberg , Bömmelberg , Bimmelberg , Bumelberg , Beymelberg , Boymelberg , Beymelburg , Bemmelburg ; But also Boineburg , Böneburg can be found as names in the documents of and about the Boyneburg through the centuries
  3. ^ Daughter of Eglof von Brandenstein and Felizitas von Schleinitz
  4. ↑ Inv.-No. A 376, A 376b, A 984a.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.khm.at
personal data
SURNAME Boyneburg, Konrad von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES little Hesse; Boyneburg, Konrad Kurt von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Leader of the Landsknechte under Emperor Charles V.
DATE OF BIRTH 1494
PLACE OF BIRTH Bischhausen
DATE OF DEATH June 29, 1567
Place of death Rogue blades