City field

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City field
City of Eisenach
Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 31 ″  N , 10 ° 15 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 213 m
Area : 13.67 km²
Residents : 782  (2018)
Population density : 57 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1994
Postal code : 99817
Primaries : 03691, 036928
map
Location of Stedtfeld in Eisenach
In the town center (rectory)
In the town center (rectory)

Stedtfeld is a district of the Wartburg city Eisenach in Thuringia .

geography

The place Stedtfeld is about five kilometers west of Eisenach on the lower reaches of the Hörsel . The historical location extends in a protected location on the north bank. The church and castle mark the town center. With no direct connection to the main settlement, the Rangenhof is a remaining clearing island on the Rennsteig .

In the north, Stedtfeld borders the municipality of Krauthausen , to the east follows the core town of Eisenach, in the south the district of Oberellen follows the municipality of Gerstungen with the small settlement Clausberg , to the west follows the Eisenach district of Neuenhof and in the northwest the district of Hörschel .

The landscape around Stedtfeld is characterized in the south by the ridge line of the Thuringian Forest with the Rennsteig and the striking Hornberg and in the north by the ridge Hörschelberg - Stedtfelder Berg - Ramsberg - Karlskuppe . The highest point of the district is the Stiebelskuppe ( 448.4  m above sea level ) near the Clausberg settlement . Also noteworthy are Hornberg ( 387.4  m above sea level ), Lerchenkuppe ( 394.2  m above sea level ), Hirschkopf ( 380.4  m above sea level ), Ramsberg ( 362.1  m above sea level ), Stedtfelder Berg ( 348.3  m above sea level ), Frohnberg ( 310.9  m above sea level ) and the Hans-Sachs-Kopf ( 343.1  m above sea level ). The geographic height of the place is 213  m above sea level. NN .

The swampy Hörselaue was until the 1920s annually by floods inundated. Pools of water and islands of constantly changing size and extent were only partially suitable for agricultural or commercial use. The course of the river was largely straightened in several stages until the 1990s , while drainage ditches were created and flood protection structures were built. In the eastern part of the district, the floodplain was built over by the industrial area of Gries , where the Opel plant in Eisenach was built, partly on Stedtfeld's corridor .

The 3,200 m long Rangenbach is the most important tributary of the Hörsel in the Stedtfeld district . It was used for mining in the Middle Ages and feeds a chain of fish ponds on the lower reaches .

history

The Margarethenkirche

The field name Frankenstein is attached to a prominent hill above the village of Hörschel and refers to a first high medieval fortification, presumably the Count of Frankenstein, which can be attested by local traditions and first finds.

A first pastor in Stedtfeld is mentioned in 1274. The Margarethenkirche is older, however. The right of patronage was owned by Hersfeld Monastery . In 1275 the village was owned equally by Konrad von Debreschen , Rudolf von Dornburg and Konrad von Varila . A knight Heinrich von Stetefeld sold a Hutis estate (Hütschhof) and an adjacent forest on the Stupffelberg (Stopfelskuppe) to the Reinhardsbrunn monastery in 1283 with the permission of the Fulda Abbey .

The knight Hermann v. Acquired all three parts by 1296 . Hirsingerode , he was court master of the Thuringian landgrave Albrecht, he is also mentioned in 1286 as the landgrave mayor in Eisenach. Because his son Albert also became a Hofmeister, the title Hoffemeister or Hovemeister became a proper name for the family. Albert's two sons, Hermann and Heinrich Hovemeister , shared the Stedtfeld estates, where they built and lived in two castles.

14th Century

The medieval defense tower "Steinstock"

The village of Stedtfeld consisted of the two parts Niederstedtfeld and Oberstedtfeld on the Eisenacher Michelskuppe , which was named in the second half of the 15th century (1466, 1488) with a church dedicated to St. Michael. Both places belonged to the Hersfeld Abbey . The Abbot of Hersfeld transferred Oberstedtfeld to the Lords of Frankenstein ( ancestral castle near Bad Salzungen ), who passed this village on to the Eisenach patrician family Hellegreve (1313, 1384, 1392) and to a knight Hermann von Brandenfels the castle ( Metilstein ?). When the von Frankenstein brothers sold the rest of their fiefdom from Hersfeld to Count Berthold von Henneberg-Schleusingen in 1330 , the parish and the area from the Alten Spital (east of the Katharinenkloster) near Eisenach to Stetevelt were among the goods and authorizations with fish pastures and court, the village of Cyginberg , the village of Rammsleybin (Hof Ramsborn ) ... as well as the forest, called Rustingis-burch , which borders the Rüsselskoppe on Rennsteig and Vachaer Straße, the village to the Rangin (Rangenhof) to the Werra near Neuendorf (Neuenhof).

City field from the west with the castle and the Wartburg

In 1352 the Hersfeld monastery exchanged the patronage rights of the churches in Ober- and Niederstedtfeld to the chapter of the Frauenkirche in Eisenach for the granting right of the canonicals and benefices held by the canon of the Frauenkirche, Heinrich von Dankmarshausen . The sons Hermann and Heinrich Hofmeister shared their Stedtfeld estates in 1369.

Half that Heinrich Hovemeister had inherited went through his daughter Adelheid in 1420 to Hermann von Boyneburgk , who also bought his father-in-law's shares and was enfeoffed by Hersfeld in 1454

"... with the castle and village of Stedtfeld along with the courtyards and desolations Rangen (Rangenhof), Deubach (Hermann von Boyneburgk had redeemed this from Balthasar von Nesselröden ), Neuendorf , Schnepfenthalshof (Schnepfenhof), with all their courts and rights, spiritual and secular, top and bottom, with taverns, drifts, hunts, in utility, honors, freedoms, dignity and justice, they are in wood, fields, fields, meadows, water, pastures, ponds, pits (mines), and with all justice, so the pen (Hersfeld) in the Stedtfeld court and the surrounding villages. "

In 1369 Hermann Hovemeister pledged his half temporarily to Heinrich von Nesselröden , Johann von Creutzburg , Johann and Fritz von Frymar and Johann Gottschalk . Hermann's son Wilhelm Hovemeister or his heirs finally sell their half to the Lords of Colmatsch , who owned extensive estates in the Werra area, but died out in the male line in 1562 with Georg von Kolmatsch , Landgrave Hessian governor in Marburg .

A knight Reinhard Radgeber also owned a Hersfeld fief in Stedtfeld in 1377.

15th century

At the Lindenrain

The Hersfeld abbot confirmed in 1454 that Hermann II (court master) was enfeoffed with the Stedtfeld court. Friedrich von Kolmatsch , the second husband of Adelheid von Hofemeister (widow of Caspar Hovemeister ) was mentioned as the landlord in Stedtfeld in 1436, 1437, 1445 and 1463. In 1496 Hans von Boyneburgk bought half the village of Hörschel from his brother-in-law Hans von Erffa for 200 guilders .

16th Century

In a document in Eisenach's Marienkirche from 1514, the place is called Stedefeilt . From 1522 the Saxon Duke Johann the Constant and the Hersfeld abbot argue over the legal jurisdiction in Stedtfeld under the energetic (and self-serving) mediation of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse , the occasion was the award of the Bergregal . The Boyneburgers' first mine in Stedtfeld was called Zum Schwarzen Brunnen . The ore produced contained copper and silver in considerable concentrations. In 1535 the first smelting works was built near Stedtfeld. In 1592 Jobst v. Boyneburg two Nuremberg investors took the mine as a fief . Long before the Reformation , the Hessian landgraves were able to strengthen their influence in Hersfeld more and more and thus push back the sovereign power. This is why Martin Luther's teaching found its way early on, in 1523, not only in the landgrave of Hesse, but also in the Imperial Abbey of Hersfeld and the associated properties . The city ​​of Hersfeld itself had opened itself up to the peasant horde in 1525, in the course of the peasant war , and accepted their demands in twelve articles . With the capture of Hersfeld by Landgrave Philipp of Hesse on April 29, 1525, his influence in the Hersfeld collegiate state grew even more and as a consequence led to the fact that, after the death of the last Hersfeld abbot, the Hessian Hereditary Prince Otto, son of the Hessian Landgrave Moritz the Scholar , 1606 was appointed administrator of the abbey of Hersfeld.

17th century

The lower lock

The medieval moated castle was badly devastated in the Thirty Years War , by order of Hans Joost II von Boyneburgk , plans for a new residential castle - the Lower Castle , also called the castle - were tackled in 1665 and a number of farmhouses west of the Steinstock were demolished for this purpose in 1667 . As the ducal Saxon court master, Hans Jost II was a very wealthy civil servant. The Clausberg estate was acquired as early as 1663, and there, too, the house and farm building had to be rebuilt. The Boyneburgk family received the patronage right over the Stedtfeld church in 1676 .

18th century

The northern part of the place

When Hans Jost II von Boyneburgk died in 1706, the estate in the Principality of Eisenach included the village and castle Stedtfeld, half of the neighboring village of Hörschel and the farms of Deubachshof , Schnepfenhof , Rangenhof and Clausberg .

The rear castle is older than the castle . It is not known when it was built. It probably replaced the derelict upper lock. It was comprehensively renewed by Wilhelm Christoph v. Boyneburgk (1715-1759). He had it built up excellently and prepared and adapted as a beautiful quarter with great costs and experienced architecture . A second floor was added around 1770. A rococo- style fountain was built in the palace courtyard in 1754. A lion holds the shield with the marriage coat of arms of the builder. Around 1740 attempts were made to re-establish the Stedtfeld mining industry for the last time. The Duke allowed the Charlotte mine to go into operation. During the Seven Years' War in autumn 1757, the French army and imperial troops camped in the valleys around Eisenach and Stedtfeld.

19th century

At the village green

The first school in Stedtfeld was inaugurated in 1802 and cost 603 Reichstaler . On October 31, 1813, the Napoleonic troops were on their retreat from Eisenach and Stedtfeld in the field camp, soldiers appeared in the village and plundered. At the beginning of November the advancing units of the Prussians and Russians attacked the French; the firefights lasted the whole of November 3rd, after which 50 Cossacks occupied the place and the looting continued. The war veteran Wilhelm Traugott von Boyneburgk died in 1836 on his Deubachshof estate, and the Boyneburgkdenkmal on the Hörschelberg is a reminder of his actions and efforts for the place. Alexander von Boyneburgk expanded the Stedtfeld castle and manor house in 1846, and had the striking castle tower built. Alexander was a respected art collector. On September 25, 1849, the Eisenach - Gerstungen section of the Thuringian Railway went into operation, and the construction of a stop in Stedtfeld was not carried out. The railway line led past the place in a wide arc. In 1850 the aristocratic jurisdiction of the Boyneburgers was lifted.

In 1879, based on the census of 1875, statistical information on the town of Stedtfeld was published for the first time. This year Stedtfeld had 91 houses with 625 inhabitants. The size of the urban fields was 1153.3 hectares of which farms and gardens 24.1 hectares, meadows 89.3 hectares, arable land 305.6 hectares. Forests 675.09 hectares, ponds, streams and rivers 8.4 hectares, on paths, Trifte, wasteland and fruit plantations accounted for 50.7 hectares. The farms and small settlements of Ramsborn , Deubachshof , Rangenhof and Schnepfenhof that belonged to Stedtfeld at that time were shown separately.

20th century

A memorial stone with the names of more than 50 Stedtfeld residents commemorates the numerous victims of the Second World War . The first American troops reached the Werra on April 1, 1945 , but the Americans did not advance into the village until April 6, 1945. In the vicinity of Creuzburg and Pferdsdorf-Spichra , they achieved a breakthrough after short, fierce fighting, and the villages of Höschel and Stedtfeld also experienced an artillery fire . Among other things, a projectile penetrated the roof of the Margaret Church and detonated in the interior. Citizens of Stedtfeld fled into the woods in a panic. 14 soldiers who had died in the fighting were buried in the Stedtfeld cemetery. With the takeover of the occupying power in Thuringia by the Soviet Military Administration of Thuringia (SMATH) under General Vasily I. Tschuikow , the extensive property of the noble von Boyneburgk family in Stedtfeld was expropriated and distributed as part of the land reform .

In the spring of 1947 the Stedtfeld sports club was founded. In the 1947 state elections in Thuringia, the LDPD in Stedtfeld became the strongest party (these results were used as the distribution key for filling municipal offices during the GDR era). By 1952 observed intensification of the internal political situation in the GDR the former GDR state leadership reacted to the dissolution of the countries and a tightening of border regulations . Stedtfeld was included in the 5-kilometer exclusion zone , making access to Stedtfeld and the living conditions of the population more difficult. In the course of the regional reform, the Deubachshof had to be ceded to the neighboring municipality of Krauthausen . As early as 1955, the population of Stedtfeld was mainly working in the Eisenach businesses, while the boyneburgk property in the village formed the core of the Stedtfelder LPG , which was founded in 1955. In 1959 the Stedtfeld Carnival Association was founded. A severe flood of the Hörsel caused considerable damage in 1961, in the following years up to 1972 the flood protection in the local area was sufficiently improved and the course of the river straightened. Passenger traffic on the Thuringian Railway from Eisenach via Wartha and Herleshausen to Gerstungen was discontinued in 1962. In 1978, freight traffic on this route was also stopped until 1991. From 1980 the expansion of the Eisenach automobile plant began on the western outskirts of Eisenach . On December 29, 1989, the Stedtfeld Citizens Committee was founded in the club room of the Zur Linde Inn , which initiated the turnaround in Stedtfeld.

Since 1990

New residential area on the outskirts

Since the opening of the border, the town of Stedtfeld has undergone extensive redesign. The groundbreaking ceremony for the development of the business park in the east of the village took place in September 1991. As a German unity transport project, the railway line in the Eisenach - Herleshausen - Gerstungen section was repaired, but Stedtfeld was not given a stop. The construction of the Stedtfeld sewage treatment plant began in the autumn of 1991, and the wastewater treatment of the cities of Eisenach and Ruhla as well as the communities of Wutha-Farnroda and Seebach and parts of the community of Hörselberg-Hainich and the city of Waltershausen are now taking place here . The foundation stone was laid u. a. by the then Hessian Environment Minister Joschka Fischer and Stedtfeld's then Mayor Christian Köckert . In a 1992 made referendum , 77 percent of Stedtfelder voted for the annexation to Eisenach. The start-up and innovation center GIS was founded in 1993, it served the economic development in the Eisenach region. The first housing estates arose around the village, the historic town center was renovated as part of the village renewal, and in 1994 the church renovation was also closed in essential areas. Stedtfeld was incorporated on July 1, 1994 as part of the regional reform of the city of Eisenach. An improved motorway connection for the Eisenach Opel factory was created between 1994 and 1998 with the bypass road south of Stedtfeld and the tunnel through the Hörschelberg near Hörschel.

Attractions

traffic

The district of Stedtfeld is located near the core town of Eisenach and can be reached via Landstrasse 1021 . The closest junctions to the federal motorway 4 are Eisenach-West near Krauthausen and Herleshausen . The closest train station for the Thuringian Railway (Erfurt – Bebra) and the Werra Railway for long-distance passenger traffic is Eisenach . There are stops Eisenach / West , Eisenach-Opelwerk and Hörschel for local transport . The Eisenach-Stedtfeld depot for goods traffic for Hörseltalbahn GmbH is located at the Opel factory .

In addition to the city ​​bus network, the following bus lines run to Stedtfeld in the overland network of Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH:

line Driving distance
L-53 Eisenach - Stedtfeld - Lauchröden - Sallmannshausen - Gerstungen - Untersuhl
L-93 Eisenach - Stedtfeld - Hörschel - Neuenhof - Göringen - Lauchröden - Unterellen - Oberellen
L-94 Eisenach - Hörschel - Neuenhof - Wartha - Herleshausen - Sallmannshausen

Personalities

  • Johann Kaspar Steube (born January 25, 1747 in Gotha , † April 12, 1795 in Stedtfeld), shoemaker, soldier, language teacher and writer.
  • Ernst Böckel (born January 14, 1909 in Stedtfeld; † December 7, 1940 in the Pirna-Sonnenstein killing center), resistance fighter against National Socialism and victim of Nazi euthanasia

Web links

Commons : Stedtfeld  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
  2. ^ Manfred Kaiser 1075 years of Hörschel. Festschrift. Eisenach 2007.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Lehfeldt / Voss architectural and art monuments of Thuringia booklet XXXIX: Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Vol. III. 1. Department Eisenach S. (as reprint ISBN 3-89557-183-0 )
  4. ↑ Heinrich Weigel - The Michelskuppe in: Heimatblätter. EP report 2. Marburg 1993. p. 37 ISBN 3-924269-94-7
  5. ↑ a b c d Lothar Kappherr - Der Stedtfelder mining history and stories in: Heimatblätter. EP report 2. Marburg 1992. ISBN 3-924269-94-7
  6. ^ Siegfried Wünscher The historical development of copper slate mining and its metallurgy in the Principality of Eisenach. Eisenach 1932. pp. 98-122
  7. ↑ Gerd Bergmann - The Hessen House in Eisenach in: Heimatblätter. EP Report 3. Marburg 1993. pp. 57-65 ISBN 3-924269-95-5
  8. ^ C. Kronfeld, Regional Studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Second part. Weimar 1879. p. 52 f.
  9. ↑ EKMD , accessed on July 9, 2014
  10. ^ Thuringia after World War II In: Reinhard Jonscher, Willy Schilling Small Thuringian History Jena 2004, ISBN 3-910141-74-9 , p. 269
  11. ↑ Mining educational trail from Stedtfeld to the Rennsteig. In: geo.viaregia.org. January 6, 2017, accessed January 6, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Timetable of the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH