Neukirchen (Eisenach)

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Neukirchen
City of Eisenach
Coordinates: 51 ° 1 ′ 20 ″  N , 10 ° 20 ′ 14 ″  E
Height : 320 m above sea level NN
Area : 7.95 km²
Residents : 551  (2018)
Population density : 69 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 10, 1991
Incorporated into: Lerchenberg
Postal code : 99817
Area code : 03691
map
Location of Neukirchen in Eisenach
The St. Ulrich Church
The St. Ulrich Church

Neukirchen is a district of Eisenach in Thuringia .

geography

The place Neukirchen is naturally located in the so-called Innerthuringian Ackerhügelland , which includes the areas of the northern city of Eisenach dominated by red sandstone weathering. The historic town center is exposed, around 320 m above sea level and is five kilometers north of Eisenach.

The neighboring towns of Neukirchen to the east, south and west are the city of Eisenach and its districts Berteroda , Hötzelsroda , Stregda and Madelungen . This is followed in the northwest by the community of Krauthausen , the district of Ütteroda and the communities of Mihla and Bischofroda .

Mountains and waters

The highest elevations in the Neukirchen district are the Reitberg ( 364.9  m above sea level ) and the Lerchenberg ( 342.8  m above sea level ) - both are located north of the village. To the north of Neukirchen is the Mihlaer Berg (367 m) with 22 wind turbines that dominate the landscape for a long time. In the district, the Böber rises as a tributary of the Nesse and flows off to the east. The Madel brook , an approximately ten kilometer long tributary of the Werra, has its source in the western part of the district . There are also two ponds in the town that are used as cattle troughs, a goose pond and, today, also for fire-fighting water.

history

Site with rectory

Neukirchen was first mentioned in a document on July 25, 1299. A piece of land was sold near the village of “Nuenkyrchen”. The proceeds from the sale were donated to a “Chapel of the Happy Virgin” on the outskirts of Eisenach, and the certificate was even certified in the landgrave's office. However, no conclusions about the actual age can be drawn from the late first mention of the place.

The first residents of Neukirchen belonged to the original parish of the Mihlaer Martinskirche, so they were subjects of the Archbishop of Mainz. The settlement was located in the center of a still sparsely populated area north of Eisenach (Berteroda, Bolleroda, Bischofroda, Hötzelsroda, Ütteroda) in which the clearing activity promoted by the Landgraves of Thuringia in the 12th century took place.

The place name is reminiscent of the consecration of a “New Church” in order to facilitate pastoral care for the residents of Neukirchen. A chapel is said to have existed when the village was founded. In the Middle Ages the place belonged temporarily to the Creuzburg office , later to the Haineck office . In the 14th century there was evidence of a family belonging to the landed gentry - in 1337 a Hermann von Nurenkirchen , in 1354 a Hans von Nurenkirchen and in 1378 a Peter von Nurenkirchen appeared. Your fortified residence could have been in the area of ​​the Stöckhof on the southern outskirts - now overbuilt. The historical location emerged as a street village in a depression offering natural protection (Hohenloher Straße). The traditional names of roads and streets in the village were Pfarrgasse , Kreuzburger alley , old alley , Braugasse , the streets , supporting alleys and Stoffel alley , Pfalzgasse , Steinweg and Stadtweg . The place had a nice Anger in the village center and a 1,922 spent windmill on Stöckhof .

In Neukirchen, the leading of Eisenach on Mihla north crossed Mühlhäuser highway and of Creuzburg east towards Gotha and Waltershausen leading Creuzburg road . In 1513 Neukirchen came with the sale of the Haineck office to the family of the Maltese knight Georg von Hopffgarten , which is why the place has since been an exclave to their " Hopffgarten court ". Matthias Schreiber was mentioned in the church chronicle as the first Lutheran pastor in Neukirchen, he took office in 1522. In 1589 the chapel, which had already been repaired several times, was replaced by a new church. The 17th century with the Thirty Years War brought severe trials to the place. In 1618 there were already 44 farms and houses in the village, in the following year a third of the village burned down in a major fire. In 1629 an imperial company from Tilly's army occupied the village as a base, after which other looters followed - the church chronicle mentions Austrians, Croats, Bavaria and Swedes. In 1636 the plague was introduced, which killed more than 100 residents of the village. In 1639 the fields lay fallow or brought only a small harvest, now a famine and infectious diseases claimed further deaths. It was not until 1655 that the first peace festival at the end of the Thirty Years' War took place in the village.

In addition to agriculture, the haulage industry played an important role. The place already had three inns in the 19th century.

In 1632, the Mihlaer farmer Claus Raymund was attacked and shot by five horsemen near Neukirchen , as the stone cross on the western edge of the village reminds of .

The witch Barbara Hager from Neukirchen, who was burned in Nazza in 1681, had to endure a sad fate . Under torture, she confessed to having learned witchcraft from a woman in Madelungen who was known as the "notorious sorceress"  Frau Schönfeldin ; as early as 1663 she was involved in a family quarrel in a witch trial in Madelungen. Her son was expelled from the country in a witch trial.

After the death of his father, Heinrich Schwerdt (1810–1888) took over the office of pastor in Neukirchen, which he held from 1842 until he was transferred to the Tonna community in 1860. As pastor of Neukirchen, he initiated various measures to raise the level of education in his community. In 1838 he founded what was probably the first public library in Thuringia, followed in 1839 by a Sunday school for boys and a domestic practice school for girls. Schwerdt was also the director of the Guttenberg Festival held in Neukirchen in 1840 - to commemorate the 400th anniversary of book printing, in which 2000 visitors took part.

On June 27, 1866, Prussian and Royal Hanoverian troops met in the battle of Langensalza . In the days before, the Prussian troops had also advanced via Neukirchen and Berteroda via the Hainich . On June 24th, the Hanoverian officer, Ernst v. Linsingen fell on the way to Berteroda when he was caught by a troop of Prussian hussars during a reconnaissance ride . A cast-iron memorial cross on the roadside in front of Neukirchen commemorates this incident.

From 1816 to 1918 Neukirchen was an enclave in the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach , at which time the place belonged to the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha .

A new school building was erected opposite the church after 1900, it offered space for eight school classes. The First World War claimed 18 victims from the Neukirchen population. After the principalities were dissolved in 1918, the place became part of the Thuringian district of Eisenach .

In the Second World War, 48 people from Neukirchen lost their lives, others suffered imprisonment or returned home as invalids. On April 1, American combat units overran the Wehrmacht defensive positions near Creuzburg and Hörschel . A citizen of Neukirchen was arrested by the Russian military administration and taken to the internment camp in the former Buchenwald concentration camp, where he died. The Neukirchen farmers were small farmers, their soils were not very productive and were widely scattered. In 1946 the land reform was carried out. In 1958 the first farmers began to join forces in an LPG, and in 1960 all farmers were in LPG type I. The cultural and material living conditions improved in the 1970s when the town received a sewer system, paved streets and a culture center.

A dairy cattle facility for 1930 cows was built on the riding mountain near Neukirchen from 1977 to 1979. An agricultural airfield was set up south of Neukirchen and was used by the Interflug agricultural flight company. Most of the residents already worked as commuters in Eisenach companies. After joining the municipality of Lerchenberg in 1991, it was incorporated into the Wartburg town of Eisenach in 1994. A new housing estate developed on the southern outskirts, in 1999 Neukirchen had 643 residents and 163 residential buildings. As part of the German Unity Transport Project (VDE No. 15), a new route section of the federal motorway 4 - the "north laying Eisenach" in the Hörselberg region , which was opened to traffic at the beginning of January 2010, was built just south of the municipality .

traffic

The local location is connected by the state roads L1016 Eisenach – Neukirchen – Mihla and L2114 Neukirchen – Bischofroda – Mihla. The local connection road to Hötzelsroda is unpaved. Since then, the closest connection point has been Eisenach-Ost in the Großenlupnitz district .

The railway connection is via the Eisenach train station . The nearby Eisenach-Kindel airfield in the Wenigenlupnitz district serves regional air traffic .

The following bus lines run by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH operate in the Neukirchen district of Eisenach

line Driving distance
L-26 Eisenach - Neukirchen - Mihla - Buchenau - Creuzburg
L-26a Eisenach - Neukirchen - Ütteroda
L-28 Eisenach - Neukirchen - Mihla - Hallungen - Heyerode
L-29 Eisenach - Neukirchen - Mihla - Frankenroda
L-30 Eisenach - Neukirchen - Mihla - Mühlhausen

Attractions

Ortisei - south view

The Neukirchen church was probably founded on the basis of the Mihla original parish Münsterkirchen . From the patronage name of St. Ulrich it can be concluded that the church built in Neukirchen can be dated to around 1320 to 1350, especially during this period St. Ulrich was a very popular saint and patron saint .

The Reformation was introduced early , as in all places that were subordinate to the Elector Johann von Sachsen . A church visit took place as early as 1528. As early as 1589, an expansion of the church space was considered necessary to accommodate the growing population; From 1608 to 1617 the church house was completely renovated. The ravages of the Thirty Years' War followed. There was no money to repair this war-related damage or modernization. It was not until 1727 that the church was again completely demolished "down to the lowest old wall" and a new nave was built on it. The square tower on the west side, which had remained in place during the renovation at the beginning of the 17th century, was also renewed. Repair work on the tower is noted again for 1878. The tower, which appears massive in its current form, was given a simple slate roof in 1934/35 and a small baroque lantern as a coronation.

Other sights are in place

  • Half-timbered courtyards in the local area
  • the rectory built in 1721 with three outbuildings
  • the stone cross called the Swedish Cross
  • the memorial cross for Lt. Ernst v. Linsingen on Berterodaer Strasse

economy

The locations of Wartburgblick-agrar GmbH & Co. KG Neukirchen - Reitberg and Kirchenwind GmbH (Neukirchen wind energy park) are located in Neukirchen.

Personalities

Web links

Commons : Neukirchen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
  2. ↑ a b c Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Neukirchen (Ed.): Neukirchen. A look back at 700 years of local history . Self-published, Neukirchen 1999, p. 6-7 .
  3. ^ Wolfgang Kahl first mention of Thuringian cities and villages bois 1300 Erfurt 1996, p. 50, ISBN 3-931426-09-2
  4. ↑ Werner Mägdefrau Thuringia in the High Middle Ages Eisenach 1989, p. 67
  5. ↑ a b c Artur Linz From the local history of Neukirchen in: Wartburgland issue 15 April 20, 1926 p. 58f
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Eberhardt Die Creuzburger Straße In: Thuringian old streets and paths in the Middle Ages between Eisenach-Gotha Bad Langensalza - Großvargula. Bad Langensalza 2003. ISBN 3-936030-86-3 , p. 29
  7. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Neukirchen (ed.): Neukirchen. A look back at 700 years of local history . Self-published, Neukirchen 1999, p. 8-14 .
  8. ↑ Erwin Riske stone crosses and related land monuments in the Eisenach district in: Eisenacher Schriften zur Heimatkunde 14. Eisenach 1981 p. 32
  9. ↑ Rainer Lämmerhirt Leafed through old court files and church registers ... in: Werratal-Nachrichten (Creuzburg and Mihla) Issue 23 1992 p. 6
  10. ↑ Ronald Füssel: The witch persecutions in the Thuringian area , publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany, Volume 2, Hamburg 2003, p. 244.
  11. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Neukirchen (ed.): Neukirchen. A look back at 700 years of local history . Self-published, Neukirchen 1999, p. 25-28 .
  12. ^ Büttner: Traces of war near Neukirchen. From the notes of Pastor Dr. Adolf Weitemeyer. in: Heimatblätter EP Report 2, Marburg 1992 p. 114.
  13. ^ Lehfeldt / Voss architectural and art monuments of Thuringia booklet XXXIX: Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Vol. III. 1. Department Eisenach (as reprint ISBN 3-89557-183-0 )
  14. ^ Evangelical Lutheran Church Community Neukirchen (ed.): Neukirchen. A look back at 700 years of local history . Self-published, Neukirchen 1999, p. 29-31 .
  15. ↑ Timetable of the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH
  16. ^ Rainer Lämmerhirt St. Martin in Mihla ... in: Churches and their art treasures in the Lautertal. Mihla 1999 p. 8 f, ISBN 3-932554-81-7
  17. ↑ Directory of companies entered in the commercial register . bundesf Firmenregister.de. Retrieved September 14, 2019.