Unterellen

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Unterellen
community Gerstungen
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 2 ″  N , 10 ° 9 ′ 42 ″  E
Height : 223  (220-240)  m
Area : 7.5 km²
Residents : 554  (Jun 30, 2007)
Population density : 74 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 16, 2004
Postal code : 99834
Area code : 036927
map
Location of Unterellen in Gerstungen
The center of Unterellen
The center of Unterellen

Unterellen is part of the Gerstungen municipality in the Wartburg district .

geography

Naturally, Unterellen lies in the valley area of ​​the central Werra , on the western edge of the Thuringian Forest . The geographic height of the place is 240  m above sea level. NN .

Neighboring municipalities and towns

The next largest cities and municipalities are the city of Werra-Suhl-Tal , the municipality of Gerstungen and the city of Eisenach . Unterellen borders in the north on Lauchröden, in the east on the Eisenach district of Neuenhof - Hörschel and on the Gerstungen district of Oberellen , in the south and west on the Berka districts of Wünschensuhl, Fernbreitenbach and Herda and again (directly) on Gerstungen.

Geology and mineral resources

Geologically, the place is in the Trias formation . Minor copper ore deposits are found underground, especially on the border with Neuenhof and Lauchröden, which were made available for mining in the 18th century. Over the course of the day, high-quality sandstone, sand, gravel and clay were mined in several places in the district.

mountains

The location is ( 215  m above sea level ) to ( 230  m above sea level ). The landscape around the village is characterized by numerous knolls, hills and mostly wooded mountains, including: Flenselsberg ( 306.7  m above sea level ), Dietrichsberg ( 293.2  m above sea level ), Meisenberg ( 319.1  m above sea level). NN ), Mittelberg ( 268.4  m above sea level ), Heidersberg ( 313.1  m above sea level ), Quisberg ( 291.9  m above sea level ). The highest point is in the north in the Flur Am Schlotter ( 321.7  m above sea level ). This point is located on the southern slope of the Großer Herzberg ( 382  m above sea level ).

Waters

In the Höllgrund, 2 km south of the village
House of the mill of Unterellen

The place is in the Eltetal , a narrow side valley of the Werra on the western edge of the Thuringian Forest . The small river Elte , which originally gave its name, is a largely natural body of water in the lower reaches . At Unterellen three smaller tributaries flow into the Elte: from the right the 1300 m long Schulbach (also called Rohrbach), from the left the 1700 m long Wingmichbach and the 2500 m long Kubigbach. This is provided with small ponds for fish farming. In the local situation there was a short ditch to operate the mill (s), which was fed by the Elte. The watershed between the Elte and Suhl rivers runs over the Dietrichsberg .

history

The gatehouse of the castle complex

Unterellen was built on the Eltefurt, an old military road from Gerstungen to Clausberg. The first documentary mention of Unterellen was made in 1138 in a document with which Berthrada, widow of the knight Christian von Goldbach, indirectly gave the feudal rights to an estate in Elendi to the Fulda monastery. Since the von Goldbachs had already given their inheritance to Reinhardsbrunn in Oberellen in 1121, the Elendi must be referring to the village of Unterellen. The place Unterellen - still in the spelling Nieder-Elln was also mentioned in a document in 1367. Reinhard von Brandenburg then sold half of the village of Unterellen (Nieder-Elln) to the von Heringen brothers. On the basis of this source, the 625th anniversary was celebrated in July 1992.

In the Middle Ages, Unterellen was located between the two castles of Breitenbach (a Hersfeld official seat and a moated castle near Hausbreitenbach ) and the twin castle complex of Brandenburg near Lauchröden . The place initially belonged to the rulership of Brandenburg and was therefore named as belonging to the Brandenburg courts, administratively the place belonged to the Wettin office of Wartburg ( Saxony-Eisenach ).

The Lords of Herda were the main owners of the eastern castle of Brandenburg at a later time. These were enfeoffed in 1483 with half a Vorwerk ( manor ) to Nieder-Elln. With the fiefdom , the liege lord was assigned the task of monitoring the trade route from Hesse to Eisenach. Two other aristocratic estates were owned by the von Linsingen knightly family and in 1530 came to the von Trott zu Solz family.

The inhabitants of Unterellen lived from agriculture or were carters and coachmen on the trade routes between Frankfurt and Leipzig. There was at least one mill in the village. At the Herzberg near Neuenhof, copper ore deposits were discovered probably as early as 1500 and mining was carried out until the 19th century. The coveted red colored sandstone was quarried in numerous quarries.

At the exit of the Flenselsgraben was the village of Flensingen, which was probably already deserted in 1317 when it was bought by the Oberellen provost. In the vicinity of the village, on the Dietrichsberg, there was a Vorwerk of the Lords of Herda, which still existed as an estate in the 20th century. There was also a forestry department there until 1922.

The Herda forests - namely the neighboring firecrackers - must have been productive for hunting, as hunter camps were set up here quite often. Around the village, numerous ravines mark the old trade routes towards Gerstungen and Eisenach.

In the course of history, the place was often plundered and ravaged by armies passing through. In 1813 Napoleon and his army passed the Dietrichsberg. A memorial stone there reminds of this. Unterellen has been part of the Gerstungen community since March 16, 2004.

population

Religion and denominations

Unterellen originally belonged to the Eckhardtshausen deanery. In the 16th century the region around Herda and Gerstungen was a center of the Anabaptists . Fritz Erbe , a wealthy farmer from the neighboring village of Herda, her best-known representative, died after years of imprisonment in the Wartburg dungeon. Today Unterellen belongs to the superintendent of Gerstungen, the parish of the Evangelical Lutheran parish is in the neighboring village of Lauchröden.

Study of the Untereller dialect

As evidence and source for the analysis of the German language development, the Unterell population was examined linguistically over several decades in a research project representative of West Thuringia, thus proving the dramatic decline in the local dialect language.

Culture and sights

Choral societies

Already in November 1912 the men's choir Unity was founded in Unterellen . The Unterellen Church Choir was founded in 1949 as a mixed choir , which is primarily dedicated to the needs of church life.

sports clubs

The Germania sports club was founded in 1909 as a gymnastics club. It currently has around 120 members. The club's activities focus on football and gymnastics. The St. Hubertus Unterellen e. V. was founded in 1994. Today it has 20 members. Before the fishing association was re-established, there was a close relationship with the Verband Deutscher Sportfischer e. V. with the local group of the neighboring village of Lauchröden.

Fire Brigade Association

The first fire brigade association in Unterellen was established in the 1920s. Today's fire brigade association Unterellen e. V. was founded in January 1992.

Townscape

On the lawn / in the small village

The Unterellen complex does not follow any known foundation scheme. There is the small village and the large village. Both have a different history. While the small village around a Fulda monastery built from Gerstungen emerged after 744, the large village was probably built between 926 and 933 as a result of the Hungarian invasions as a ford security and occupied with fortified farmers. Indications for this are: The largest farms are across the Elte in the valley floor. The course of the Elte was deliberately changed in order to create a moated castle-like area around today's church, which was located directly on the ford. For this purpose, two ancient streets, which previously crossed outside the village in the area of ​​the Herzberg / Bettelbuche, were relocated and united in the ford Unterellen. Both were thus controllable and lockable. One of these roads, coming from Fulda near Kreuzberg (today's Philippsthal), crossed the Werra via Wünschensuhl, Unterellen to Wartha / Neuenhof, leading the Werra bend towards Eschwege. The other route came from the Cologne area via Hersfeld, Gerstungen to Unterellen and led over the Claußbergpass into the Hörseltal to branch off here into a northern (Mühlhausen), a northeast (Langensalza) and an eastern (Erfurt, Leipzig). Simultaneously with the ford development, a refuge fortress was built above the new large village on the site of today's castle, which could control the new Eisenacher Straße at its confluence with the valley. With the relocation of the road, the village of Flensingen lost its livelihood, was abandoned by its residents, most of whom settled in Unterellen, and so turned into a desert.

church

The church

The Unterellen church probably dates from the 15th century. The dates attached to the walls and the building findings report several modifications to the sacred building made of local sandstone directly on the river bank. The church was given its current appearance during the last renovation in 1714. The bell that still exists was cast in 1463.

lock

The castle in Unterellen

The town is dominated by the late medieval castle complex: as early as the 15th century, the von Herda aristocratic family began to develop this medieval fortification as another family seat. In the courtyard, in addition to some Gothic portals, the original structure also has a stone head inserted into the wall - probably a protective magic. Of the fortifications themselves, only the massive outer walls of the main building and the castle gate have been preserved. Large areas of the former castle complex were abandoned in the 20th century and demolished after the structural deterioration. The facility is currently used as a day-care center for the Untereller Castle Ghosts.

Memorial welcome stone

About three kilometers south of the village, the Sallmannshäuser Rennsteig is a regional hiking trail over the Dietrichsberg. Here you come across a memorial stone - the welcome stone commemorates the happy day of the happy return of the landowner on Dietrichsberg from the Napoleonic Wars in 1813.

economy

Commercial area on the Aue

In the commercial and industrial area Auf der Aue on the western outskirts there are not only agricultural businesses but also industrial companies

  • BGE Elektrotechnik GmbH Unterellen
  • Bernhard Schäfer Werkzeug- und Sondermaschinenbau GmbH
  • Elektro-Mechanik-Unterellen (EMU) GmbH

become resident.

traffic

Road traffic

Junction 36 ( Gerstungen ) of the A 4 can be reached via the L1020 - driving distance 12 kilometers. The connection point 37 ( Wommen ) of A 4 can be reached via Lauchröden, Sallmannshausen and Neustädt to 12 kilometers.

Rail transport

Due to the division of Germany , the Förtha – Gerstungen railway line with the Dietrichsberg stop was built in 1962 . After the Werra Valley Railway was put back into operation on the original route via Herleshausen , the line via Förtha was dismantled in 1993.

For today's train travelers there is a connection to the Werra Valley Railway in Gerstungen and Herleshausen.

Transportation

Unterellen is served by the bus lines L50, L51 and L93 of the local public transport company Eisenach.

Personalities

literature

  • Commemorative publication 625 years of Unterellen . Unterellen 1992.
  • Rudolf E. Keller and Karl-Heinz Mulagk: The German language and its historical development . Buske Verlag, 1995. ISBN 3-87548-104-6 . P. 501 f ( long-term study by K. Spangenberg on the use of the Untereller dialect).

Web links

Commons : Unterellen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
  2. ↑ Festschrift 625 Years of Unterellen . Unterellen 1992.
  3. ^ Eisenacher Archiv Lehenssachen 164; for Unterellen, Lauchröden and Göringen Reg. Pp. 565, Reg. N. 885, Bl. 12b.
  4. ^ C. Kronfeld, Regional Studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Second part. Weimar 1879. p. 65.
  5. ↑ Erich Debes. The Wartburg office in the first third of the 16th century. Eisenach 1926. p. 74.
  6. ↑ Due to the Thuringian law on the reorganization of the districts of Breitenbach, Ferna, Gerstungen, Lauchröden, Leinefelde, Marktgölitz, Oberellen, Probstzella, Seifartsdorf, Silbitz, Unterellen, Wintzingerode and Worbis from March 8, 2004 ... (GVBl. No. 7 / 2004)
  7. ^ Rudolf E. Keller and Karl-Heinz Mulagk: The German language and its historical development . Buske Verlag, 1995. ISBN 3-87548-104-6 . P. 501ff.