Business promotion
As economic development is referred operated by public bodies or private companies or initiatives efforts economy in a particular region to revive. This takes place in the form of material, personal and financial support. If the funding is successful, the funding measures amortize through employment growth, additional tax income and the attractiveness of the location. Private business development is also carried out in individual cases. A distinction is made between exogenous and endogenous economic development.
Exogenous business promotion
The aim of exogenous economic development is to locate firms and companies in a certain area in order to promote them economically. Companies are given incentives to settle in this area through measures such as reduced tax rates over a certain period of time or cheap, approved building land. The leasing of buildings (e.g. factory halls) at low lease rates or temporarily free of charge can also be public funding measures.
Endogenous economic development
In endogenous economic development, local companies are supported and promoted by state measures . Examples of such measures are: preferential loans, financial support for startups , technology parks , inventory maintenance , etc.
In modern business development, the establishment of business clusters is understood as active innovation support.
Germany
Economic development agencies are mostly state-owned institutions that have the task of supporting investment projects by foreign or domestic investors in the region. Every federal state in Germany has its own economic development program. In addition, there are business subsidies not only in larger cities, districts or in conurbations (regional business development), but also increasingly in smaller communities (municipal business development). The German Association of Economic Promotion and Development Companies, founded in 2001, forms the largest network for municipal economic development in Germany. It represents the interests of outsourced municipal economic development institutions with regard to current issues in economic, structural and location development.
Austria
Business development is carried out at the federal, state and municipal levels. The Wirtschaftsförderungsbank Austria Wirtschaftsservice (aws) is responsible for handling national subsidies .
Switzerland
In Switzerland, economic development is primarily the responsibility of the cantons . It is largely limited to new recruits. For individual geographic regions, regional policy tries to create better economic and structural policy framework conditions; this largely focuses on structurally weak mountain regions .
Others
Due to the enlargement and deepening of the European Union and u. a. Due to the harmonization of numerous laws, the abolition of customs duties and the granting of freedoms, it is easier than before for companies to relocate their company headquarters and / or production facilities to another location or abroad. It is not uncommon for potential locations to race for subsidies; the potential investor can play the business development agencies of different regional authorities (city, district, state, federal states) against each other.
The tax systems of different countries also compete with each other. In the course of the so-called net payer debate, it has long been criticized that net recipient countries are put in a position with the received transfer funds to aggressively lure companies in EU net payer countries. The existence of tax havens is also criticized.
Aid is an important issue at EU level . 'Aid' refers to all state or state-granted direct or indirect advantages of any kind which, by favoring certain companies or branches of production ( industries ), distort or threaten to distort competition and thereby impair international trade. Aid is in particular public funds and guarantees for non-public companies that do not provide any or no adequate consideration. The concept of aid is very general ( indefinite legal term : "aid of any kind"), because as many aid-relevant issues as possible should be covered.
literature
- Rasmus C. Beck, Rolf G. Heinze, Josef Schmid: Strategic economic development and the design of high-tech clusters: Contributions to the opportunities and restrictions of cluster politics. Nomos Verlag, Baden-Baden 2009, ISBN 978-3-8329-4193-2 .
- Richard Reschl, Walter Rogg: Municipal economic development. Location dialogue and location development in municipalities and regions . Verlag Wissenschaft & Praxis, Sternenfels 2003, ISBN 978-3-89673-175-3 .
- Jörg Becker: Economic development and location analysis: Identifying, bundling and weighting location factors . Books on Demand 2009, ISBN 383-7-09038-8 .
- Bernd Dallmann, Michael Richter: "Handbook of Economic Development. Practical Guide to Local and Regional Location Development". Verlag Haufe-Lexware, Freiburg, 1st edition 2012, ISBN 978-3-648-02417-1 .
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ www.dvwe.de
- ↑ E. Gruner / B. Junker: Citizens, State and Politics in Switzerland
- ↑ merkur.de : December 29, 2005: Berlin attacks tax race in Europe
- ↑ Hans Böckler Foundation 19/2011: EU: Tax Competition Even in Crisis , From Tax Competition to Tax Coordination in the EU? (6/2011, WSI) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
