Bentheim-Tecklenburg

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The coat of arms of the former imperial counts and today's princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg since Arnold IV.

The house Bentheim-Tecklenburg until 1919 reichsständisches noble family of Westphalia Uradels the since the 12th century is detectable.

The independent line of the Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg developed in 1609 after an inheritance was divided in the Imperial Counts' House of Bentheim . Of the five branch lines that emerged at that time, the Bentheim-Tecklenburg zu Rheda and Bentheim-Steinfurt zu Burgsteinfurt families , who were raised to the hereditary Prussian princely status in 1817, still exist today .

history

Tecklenburg Castle
Rheda Castle
Hohenlimburg Castle near Hagen, once the residence of the County of Limburg
Herzebrock Monastery
Clarholz Abbey (Propsteig building)
House Bosfeld near Rheda-Wiedenbrück
Princely mausoleum in the Protestant cemetery in Rheda

Originated in the early modern period

At the end of the 16th century, under the then head of the family Count Arnold , the Count's House of Bentheim owned the important imperial counties of Bentheim , Tecklenburg and Steinfurt as well as the politically important county of Limburg . In addition, the rulers of Rheda , Gronau , Alpen and Linnep as well as extensive goods, titles and numerous legal claims were in the possession of the family, including the prestigious office of hereditary bailiffs of Cologne . At that time, the count's house was one of the most important families of the nobility in the Old Kingdom and was of great importance for the Reformation in West Germany.

After the death of Count Arnold in 1606, the property was divided among his sons in 1609 according to his will of 1590. The first-born Adolf von Bentheim , who died in 1623, received the imperial counties of Tecklenburg and the rule of Rheda, while his later brothers Arnold Jobst and Wilhelm Heinrich took over the reigns of the imperial counties of Bentheim and Steinfurt. Count Arnold's younger sons were compensated from the inheritance of their mother Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen , which had fallen to Bentheim in 1592 . Count Konrad Gumprecht received the county of Limburg and Friedrich Ludolf the rule of the Alps. Through the division of the estate decreed by Count Arnold, the count's large territorial and property holdings were split up. This later had an unfavorable effect on the further development and political significance of the family.

When Count Konrad Gumprecht died unexpectedly of an illness in 1618, the succession in the county of Limburg passed to his son Wilhelm, who was born in 1617, but who died in 1626. The succession passed to the brother Friedrich Ludolf. After his death in 1629, Count Moritz, born in 1615 as the son of Count Adolf von Bentheim-Tecklenburg, received the territory.

Since the widow Konrad Gumprechts, Countess Johannetta Elisabeth von Nassau-Dillenburg , could not be provided with the assured widow's residence Linnep , which was leased to the von Isselstein family, as well as the financial means agreed in the marriage contract, the custodial regency became her left to the county of Limburg for Count Moritz von Bentheim-Tecklenburg. In 1638 Count Moritz and Countess Johannetta signed a contract that guaranteed her the rights of use and regency over the county of Limburg until her death. Only in this way could the extensive claims and rights of the countess widow from her two-year marriage with Count Konrad Gumprecht be satisfied.

In 1633 the widow Johannetta Elisabeth had to endure a three-year occupation of the county and palace complex of Limburg by imperial troops under the sergeant-general Lothar Dietrich von Bönninghausen . Only through the intervention of Count Johann Ludwig von Nassau-Hadamar , brother of Countess Johannetta Elisabeth and envoy at the imperial court and during the peace negotiations in Münster , the county could be saved from the claims of the Brandenburg Elector House for the Bentheim-Tecklenburg family.

18th century

The development of the Count House Bentheim-Tecklenburg has been affected by financial problems since the 17th century. The main cause was the effects of the Thirty Years' War . The inhabitants of the Count's House territories were burdened with high contributions. The economy was shattered, the tax revenue and income were falling.

There were also territorial disputes. Since the middle of the 17th century there were frequent disputes with the Electors of Brandenburg-Prussia about the counties of Limburg and Tecklenburg .

Since 1577, the county of Tecklenburg was at the center of a dispute over the succession with the House of Solms-Braunfels . This escalated when Prussian and Solms-Braunfels troops occupied the county towards the end of the 17th century. The Counts of Solms then sold the territory to Prussia .

In 1729, Count Moritz Casimir I achieved full sovereignty over Prussia compared to Berlin . For this he had to make a large payment and waive all claims to the County of Tecklenburg, which had been in Prussian possession since 1702.

In 1756 the main residence was moved from Hohenlimburg Castle to Rheda to save costs . During the Seven Years' War , Rheda Castle was converted into a Rococo style residence. In 1780, a court theater was the fact that the existing already at Schloss Hohenlimburg court orchestra with Musicus added.

19th century

After their secularization in 1803, the Herzebrock and Clarholz monasteries , located in the county, came into the private ownership of the count's house. The sovereignty of the Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg was curtailed after the fall of the Old Empire by the Napoleonic division of territories. In 1808 the rule of Rheda and the county of Limburg were added to the newly created Ruhr department in the Grand Duchy of Berg . In 1854 the princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda received a hereditary seat in the Prussian manor house .

present

After the death of Moritz-Casimir Fürst zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg , who emerged through church engagement in 2014, his son Maximilian Fürst zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg took over the inheritance, which not only includes the family residence, Rheda Castle , but also the Hohenlimburg Castle , Haus Bosfeld and the former monasteries Clarholz and Herzebrock with agricultural and forestry operations. Prince Bentheim-Tecklenburg is involved in a variety of ways and has been President of the German Castle Association since 2019 .

Confession and Faith

The Bentheim-Tecklenburg house had been Protestant - Lutheran since 1527 , but switched to the Protestant - Reformed faith in 1588 .

coat of arms

Family coat of arms of the Counts of Bentheim
  • The family coat of arms shows 17 whole and two half (4: [½ 3 ½]: 4: 3: 2: 1) golden coins in red. On the helmet with red-and-gold blankets, a red-clad moor's trunk with a gold collar and a gold-tipped red pointed cap with a gold tassel, labeled like the shield .

On top of the helmet it says:

  1. because of Bentheim a Moor with an oriental hat
  2. because of Tecklenburg a peacock with spread tail plumage
  3. because of Steinfurt a spotted swan
  4. because of Limburg a lion between two peacock tails

The Counts of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (1562–1817)

The Counts of Bentheim Tecklenburg-Rheda

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Christian August (1767–1835)
  • Moritz Kasimir Karl Christian Friedrich Alexander (1798–1877)
  • Richard Friedrich Julius Ludwig Moritz (1840–1921)
  • Karl Albert Moritz (1881–1967)
  • Peter Moritz Kasimir Hellmuth → Peter zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda (1916–1987), President of Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe from 1968 to 1976.
  • Christian Moritz Casimir (1958-)

The princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg

Heads of families from 1919

The coat of arms of the former imperial counts and princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg zu Rheda at the Neue Mühle is a Gütersloh monument .

Properties (selection)

See also

literature

  • Genealogical manual of the nobility , Fürstl. Houses. Volume XIX, 2011
  • Günter Aders: Documents and files of the Neuenahr lordship and possessions of the Alps, Bedburg, Hackenbroich, Helpenstein, Linnep, Wevelinghoven and Wülfrath as well as the hereditary bailiff of Cologne. Bonn 1977.
  • Carl Heiner Beusch: Westphalian noblemen. The princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg in the 19th century. In: Westphalian magazine. 145: 257-330 (1995).
  • Karl Kennepohl: The coins of the counties Bentheim and Tecklenburg as well as the rule Rheda. Frankfurt 1927.
  • Jürgen Kindler, Wolfgang-A. Lewe: The castle mill in Rheda. Rhedaer Schriften, issue 11, Rheda-Wiedenbrück 2009.
  • Harm Klueting : Politics, economy and society in the county of Limburg [exhibition catalog of Dresdner Bank AG], Hagen 1980.
  • Harm Klueting: There is no doubt that it is a split from Grafschaft Mark. The county of Limburg from the 13th to the 19th century. In: Year of the Association for Local and Local History in the County of Mark. 93/93 (1995), pp. 63-126.
  • Edeltraud Klueting : The (free-worldly) aristocratic women's pen Elsey. History, constitution and manorial rule in the late Middle Ages and early modern times. Altena 1980 [= Altena contributions 14].
  • Harm Klueting: Corporate affairs and corporate representation in the Westphalian county of Limburg in the 17th and 18th centuries. A contribution to the territorial constitutional history of Germany in the early modern period. In: Contributions to the history of Dortmund and the county of Mark. 70, pp. 109-201 (1976).
  • Stephanie Marra : Alliances of the Nobility. Dynastic action in the Grafenhaus Bentheim in the 16th and 17th centuries. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2007, ISBN 3-412-31105-7 .
  • Stephanie Marra: death at the church mess. Presence and resistance of military troops in the county of Limburg 1633–1636. In: Dietrich Thier (Hrsg.): The Weather Office in the Thirty Years' War. Wetter 1998, pp. 135–146.
  • Stephanie Marra: Countess Johannetta Elisabeth von Bentheim (1592–1654). Widow rule and guardianship government in the Thirty Years War. In: Martina Schattkowsky (Ed.): Widowhood in the early modern times. Princely and noble widows between foreign and self-determination. Leipzig 2003 [= Writings on Saxon History and Folklore 6], pp. 227–248.
  • Stephanie Marra: Directory of quite a few dresses undt worn. The inventories of Count Conrad Gumprecht zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg 1609/10. In: Hagen Yearbook. 3. 1998, pp. 182-190.
  • Hartmut Platte: Rheda, Hohenlimburg, Tecklenburg. Past and present of the princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg. German Princely Houses, No. 2. Werl 2000.
  • Rudolf Rübel: Count Arnold von Bentheim-Steinfurt (1554–1608). In: Westfälische Lebensbilder 9 , Münster 1962, pp. 18–33.
  • Hermann Schaub: The rule of Rheda and their residence city. From the beginning to the end of the Old Kingdom. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2006, ISBN 978-38953-461-01 .
  • Peter Veddeler: The will of Count Arnold von Bentheim from 1591. In: Das Bentheimer Land 76 (1973), pp. 71-88.
  • Moritz von Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda: sagas and images, seals. Stahel, Würzburg 1853 ( digitized version ).
  • Moritz von Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda: Seals , Stuber, Würzburg 1866 ( digitized version )

Movie

  • Dynasties in NRW - The princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg . WDR - report by Jobst Knigge (45 min.), Broadcast January 3, 2010.
  • The German nobility - of princes, castles and manners . ZDFzeit - Documentation © 2012.

Print media

  • Aristocracy in Germany - The new power of an old class . Stern (magazine) No. 48, issue November 22, 2012, pages 68–81.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch , Fürstl. Houses 2018 (GGH 7) Deutsches Adelsarchiv , Marburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-9817243-6-3 , page 201
  2. ↑ Personalia Who's Who in the German Castle Association. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  3. ↑ A comprehensive overview of the history of the coat of arms is offered by: Peter Veddeler: Die "Bentheimer Pfennige". The coat of arms of the Westphalian Counts of Bentheim . In: Westphalia - booklets for history, art and folklore . tape 89 . Aschendorff Verlag, 2011, ISSN  0043-4337 , p. 105-183 .
  4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Böckenholt: Castle and Lordship of Rheda. Rhode Druck und Verlag, 1st edition, Harsewinkel (Marienfeld) 1979, p. 31
  5. ^ Dynasties in North Rhine-Westphalia - The Princes of Bentheim-Tecklenburg Tagesschau24 , accessed December 3, 2019.
  6. ↑ (New documentary!) The German nobility (2) From princes, castles and manners Phoenix - documentary on YouTube , March 6, 2017.