Ruhr department

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The Département Ruhr , also Ruhrdepartement , was the administrative unit for the eastern Ruhr area or the county of Mark and areas north of the Lippe within the Grand Duchy of Berg under French rule from 1806 to 1813. It consisted of the previous counties of Mark , Dortmund and Limburg , the southern part of the Principality of Münster , the rule of Rheda and the city of Lippstadt and its territory. The administrative seat of the Ruhr Department was in the city of Dortmund .

history

In 1806, during the Napoleonic campaigns, French troops took possession of the county of Mark. In the subsequent Peace of Tilsit on July 9, 1807, the Prussian king ceded his Westphalian possessions, including the County of Mark, to the French Empire .

The county of Mark was attached to the newly formed Grand Duchy of Berg on January 21, 1808 . Düsseldorf had been the capital of the Grand Duchy since 1806. Far-reaching administrative reforms based on the French model were only carried out in a cautious manner from 1808 onwards. According to the four main rivers, it was divided into four departments :

Until the summer of 1808, the sovereign was formally Joachim Murat , a brother-in-law of Napoleon and later King of Naples . He was followed formally by Napoleon's nephew Ludwig Napoleon until 1812 , although he was still a child. Napoleon actually controlled the Grand Duchy of Berg and thus the industrially important Ruhr department personally. The introduction of freedom of trade by Napoleon in 1808 was exemplary for the further development of the administrative area and the emerging Ruhr area and is one of the positive achievements of French rule in the so-called satellite states.

The Ruhr department consisted of the three arrondissements of Dortmund , Hamm and Hagen . At the top was the Prefect of the Ruhr Department, Baron Gisbert von Romberg zu Brünninghausen.

Dortmund was designated the capital of the Ruhr department. Because it had a more favorable location and more suitable administrative buildings than Hamm, the former imperial city became the seat of the numerous administrative and judicial authorities.

After Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, the French withdrew to the left bank of the Rhine. The Ruhr Department dissolved and became part of the Prussian ruling and administrative district.

From January 1, 1815, the region was again subject to the sovereignty of the Prussian king. On August 1, 1816, the new Prussian Province of Westphalia was established with the administrative districts of Arnsberg , Minden and Münster .

structure

After introduced in 1808 administrative divisions French model is divided in each department Arrondissements and on the lower level in cantons and mairies (mayors). The Ruhr department consisted of the three arrondissements Dortmund, Hagen and Hamm .

Arrondissement of Dortmund

The cantons of Dortmund , Bochum , Hörde , Unna , Werne and Lüdinghausen initially belonged to the Arrondissement of Dortmund . The canton of Sendenhorst was added later.

The canton Dortmund formed the Mairien Dortmund, Lünen and Castrop .

The Mairie Dortmund included the city of Dortmund and the villages of Dorstfeld , Huckarde , Wambel and Körne .
The Mairie Hörde included Hörde itself and the southern villages, such as u. a. Wellinghofen , Niederhofen , Lücklemberg , Kirchhörde and Hacheney .
The municipalities Börnig , Holthausen and Gysenberg counted towards Mairie Castrop .

The canton of Bochum formed, among others, the Mairie Herne and the Mairie Witten .

The municipalities of Baukau , Bickern , Bladenhorst , Crange , Eickel , Herne, Hiltrop , Holsterhausen , Horsthausen , Pöppinghausen and Röhlinghausen belonged to the Mairie Herne .

The canton of Unna formed among others Unna, Mühlhausen and Uelzen .

The canton Sendenhorst (from 1811, after the formation of the department Lippe ) formed the Mairien Amelsbüren , Everswinkel and Sendenhorst.

Arrondissement of Hagen

The cantons of Hagen , Hattingen , Iserlohn , Limburg (today Hagen-Hohenlimburg ), Neuenrade , Lüdenscheid and Schwelm belonged to the arrondissement of Hagen .

The canton Hagen was formed by the Mairien Hagen, Herdecke , Enneperstraße , Boele and Breckerfeld .

The municipalities of Herdecke and Wetter counted towards Mairie Herdecke .
The municipalities Haspe , Westerbauer , Waldbauer , Vorhalle and Voerde counted towards Mairie Enneperstraße .

The canton Schwelm was formed by the Mairien Ennepe , Volmarstein , Langerfeld , Haßlinghausen , ...

The municipalities of Volmarstein , Wengern , Esborn , ... counted towards Mairie Ennepe .
The communities of Gevelsberg counted towards Mairie Volmarstein , ...
The municipalities of Langerfeld counted towards Mairie Langerfeld , ...
To Mairie Haßlinghausen, the communities counted Einern , ...

The canton of Hattingen formed the Mairien Hattingen , Sprockhövel and Blankenstein .

The municipalities of Hattingen, Dumberg , Niederbonsfeld , ... counted towards Mairie Hattingen .
The municipalities of Sprockhövel counted towards Mairie Sprockhövel ...
The communities Schrick , Haar , Brockhausen , ... counted towards Mairie Blankenstein .

The Canton of Neuenrade formed the Mairien Plettenberg , ...

The canton of Iserlohn was formed by the Mairien Hemer , ...

The municipalities of Becke , Brockhausen , Calle , Deilinghofen , Evingsen , Frönsberg , Kesbern , Ihmert , Landhausen , Lössel , Niederhemer , Oberhemer , Sundwig , Westig counted as Mairie Hemer .

The canton Lüdenscheid formed the Mairien Lüdenscheid, Meinerzhagen , Ebbe , ...

The municipalities of Lüdenscheid counted towards Mairie Lüdenscheid, ...
The municipalities of Meinerzhagen, Kierspe , Rönsahl , ... belong to Mairie Meinerzhagen .
The municipalities of Valbert , Herscheid , ...

Arrondissement Hamm

The cantons of Ahlen, Beckum, Hamm, Lippstadt, Oelde, Soest and Rheda belonged to the arrondissement of Hamm . The cantons of Sassenberg and Warendorf were added later.

The canton Ahlen formed the Mairien Ahlen , Drensteinfurt , Heessen and Sendenhorst .

The canton Beckum formed the Mairien Beckum , Lippborg and Vorhelm .

The canton Hamm formed the Mairien Hamm , Pelkum and Rhynern .

The canton of Lippstadt only included the city of Lippstadt .

The canton of Oelde was formed by the Mairien Liesborn , Oelde , Ostenfelde and Wadersloh .

The canton of Soest was made up of the mayors Borgeln , Lohne , Soest and Schwefe .

The canton of Rheda was formed by the Mairien Gütersloh , Herzebrock , Klarholz and Rheda .

The canton of Sassenberg formed the Mairien Beelen , Harsewinkel and Sassenberg .

The canton Warendorf formed the Mairien Alt-Warendorf , Freckenhorst , Hoetmar and Warendorf .

See also

literature

  • Rudolf Göck: The Grand Duchy of Berg under Joachim Murat, Napoleon I and Louis Napoleon 1806–1813. A contribution to the history of French rule on the right bank of the Rhine , Cologne 1877 [strongly anti-French tendency]
  • Charles Schmidt : The Grand Duchy of Berg, 1806-1813. A study on French supremacy in Germany under Napoleon I , Neustadt / Aisch 1999 [Dt. Translation u. Reprint of the Paris 1905 edition], ISBN 3-87707-535-5
  • Helmut Richtering (Ed.): The Ruhr Department in 1809. A travel report by the Prefect of Romberg , in: Contributions to the history of Dortmund and the county Mark 55 (1958), pp. 65-108

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Décret, on the division of the Grand Duchy of Berg, Gesetz-Bülletin , from November 14, 1808, p. 52 ( Düsseldorf State Library )
  2. ↑ a b c Heinrich Berghaus : Germany for a Hundred Years , Second Section - First Volume, Verlag Voigt & Günther, 1861, p. 353 ff ( Google Books )