Administrative units in the Grand Duchy of Berg
The list of administrative units in the Grand Duchy of Berg includes the départements , arrondissements , cantons and Mairien in the Grand Duchy of Berg (1808 to 1813). After provisional administration in the Generalgouvernement Berg , the Kingdom of Prussia introduced its own administrative districts as well as rural and urban districts from 1816 as a successor to the French administrative units .
Territorial development
The Duchy of Berg last belonged to King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria due to inheritance . On March 15, 1806, he ceded the Duchy of Berg to Napoleon in exchange for the Principality of Ansbach, which had previously been in Prussian ownership . On the same day, he transferred the Duchy of Berg together with the Duchy of Kleve (Cleve) to his brother-in-law Joachim Murat . The previously Prussian Duchy of Kleve existed since 1795 (cession to France ) only from the remainder of the Duchy on the right bank of the Rhine. Murat united the administration of the two duchies on April 14, 1806. An announcement dated April 21, 1806 shows that the territories of the dominions Homburg , Gimborn and Wildenburg were included when the two duchies took possession .
When he joined the Rhine Confederation on July 17, 1806, Murat was raised to Grand Duke (Art. 5 of the Rhine Confederation Act ) and the territory of the now Grand Duchy of Berg was expanded to include the dominions of Limburg-Styrum , Broich and Hardenberg , the Counties of Bentheim , Steinfurt and Horstmar , the Principalities of Rheina-Wolbeck , Siegen , Dillenburg (excluding Wehrheim and Burbach ) and Hadamar , the dominions Westerburg , Schadeck and Beilstein as well as the part of the dominion Runkel on the right of the Lahn (Art. 24 of the Rhine Confederation Act). Furthermore, the former Electoral Cologne offices of Deutz , Königswinter and Vilich were ceded to the Grand Duchy by the Duchy of Nassau (Art. 16 and 20 of the Rhine Confederation Act).
On August 3, 1806, Murat issued administrative regulations for the duchies of Kleve and Berg, which divided the territories into six districts:
| district | Duchy | population |
|---|---|---|
| Siegburg | mountain | 69.264 |
| Mülheim am Rhein | mountain | 60.992 |
| Elberfeld | mountain | 86,188 |
| Dusseldorf | mountain | 70,433 |
| Duisburg | Kleve | 41.009 |
| Wesel | Kleve | 36,349 |
| total | 364.235 |
Of the countries ceded by Prussia in the Tilsit Peace of 1807, Napoleon linked the Principality of Münster and the counties of Mark , Tecklenburg and Lingen as well as the Abbeys of Elten , Essen and Werden with the Grand Duchy of Berg by a decree of March 1, 1808 .
In a statistical overview printed in 1809 but created before the reorganization of November 14, 1808, the administration of all parts of the Grand Duchy was structured as follows:
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On November 14, 1808, a comprehensive reorganization of the administration based on the French model began. It provided for the creation of departments , arrondissements , cantons and municipalities ( called Mairien from the end of 1808 ). The old communities , honors and farmers were assigned to the respective mairies of a canton, where separate households were sometimes kept for them.
A decisive change took place on January 1, 1811, when Napoleon assigned the Hanseatic departments to the French national territory and, in this context, separated northern Kleve, part of Munster and the counties of Tecklenburg and Lingen from the Grand Duchy of Berg. On January 22nd, 1811, the formerly Aremberg territories Grafschaft Recklinghausen and part of the Grafschaft Dülmen were annexed to the Grand Duchy of Berg.
By decree of December 17, 1811, the resulting changes in the area were announced:
- The cantons of Recklinghausen and Dorsten were established in the new Aremberg region and assigned to the arrondissement of Essen in the Ruhr department.
- Part of the Dülmen area was incorporated into the canton of Lüdinghausen and the arrondissement of Dortmund in the Ruhr department.
- The part of the Emsdepartement that was not united with France was added to the Ruhrdepartement:
- the cantons of Sassenberg and Warendorf moved to the arrondissement of Hamm.
- The canton Sendenhorst was newly formed from parts of the canton Ahlen and adjacent parts of the Ems department and assigned to the arrondissement of Dortmund.
In 1813 the French withdrew from the Grand Duchy after the defeat in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig and from the end of 1813 it fell under the provisional administration of Prussia in the Generalgouvernement of Berg . Most of the Grand Duchy finally stayed with Prussia after 1816. The area around Lingen and Nordhorn came to the Kingdom of Hanover and the area of the Arrondissement of Dillenburg to the Duchy of Nassau .
In the Kingdom of Hanover and the Duchy of Nassau, the French-influenced administrative structures were abolished again. In Prussia, the departments, arrondissements and cantons were abolished and instead provinces , administrative districts and counties were established. The Mairien established in the French era, however, were retained in Prussia and are now referred to as mayor's offices . In the province of Westphalia , the mayor's offices were converted into offices in the 1840s . In the Rhine Province , the mayor's offices have been named offices since 1928. In the state of North Rhine-Westphalia founded in 1946, some of these offices continued until 1974.
Administrative structure
The administrative units introduced by the decree of November 14, 1808 were assigned organs and tasks by the administrative order of December 18, 1808 .
Departments
The prefect , a general secretary of the prefecture, four (Rhine and Emsdepartement) or three (Ruhr and Siegdepartement) prefectural councils and 20 and 15 general departmental councils were provided as the authorities of the departments . The prefect was in charge of all internal administration. The General Department Councils should meet annually for a meeting of no more than 14 days. Their task was to decide on the distribution of direct taxes to the arrondissements, on requests from the arrondissements, cities, towns and villages to reduce the tax burden as well as on the tax rates and the annual accounts of the prefect. He also had to give his opinion on the situation and needs of the department.
Arrondissements
In the arrondissements (also districts or districts ) sub-prefects and a district council were set up. The latter had to meet twice a year, once for a maximum of ten days before the meeting of the General Department Council and once for a maximum of five days after this meeting. In the arrondissements in which the main places of the departments were located - i.e. Düsseldorf, Dillenburg, Dortmund and Münster - no sub-prefects were appointed.
Cantons
The administrative regulations of December 18, 1808 initially assigned neither tasks nor organs to the cantons established by decree of November 14, 1808. With a decree of March 31, 1809, it was then determined that a canton collector should be appointed for each canton to raise direct taxes. These collectors began their activity on January 1, 1810. Furthermore, a decree of December 17, 1811 stipulated that with effect from February 1, 1812 each canton should receive a peace tribunal. This introduced the separation of powers between the judiciary and the executive.
The Bergisch cantons were continued as French cantons in those areas that were annexed by the French Empire in 1811 . After the reconquest by the German states, they were retained as judicial districts in Prussia until the new judicial organization was introduced in 1815.
Mairien
As management of the mairies , as municipalities or mayors Denoted were Maire and Assistant ( Adjoints ) is provided. The number of councilors was graded according to the number of inhabitants. According to this, Mairien with up to 2,500 inhabitants had one deputy, Mairien with up to 5,000 residents two and Mairien with 5,000 to 10,000 residents in addition to two deputies also a police commissioner. For Mairies with more than 10,000 to 20,000 inhabitants, three councilors and two police commissioners were provided, and for those with more than 20,000 inhabitants, there were four councilors and three police commissioners. The municipal council also existed.
The entire municipal administration was entrusted to the Maires. They started their work in the Ems department on May 20, 1809 and in the Ruhr department on August 15, 1809. If they were unable to attend, they were represented by an alderman. In addition, the Maires could be assigned tasks of general state administration for the municipality.
The municipal council was set up as an advisory body. It included the mayor ex officio as well as other members (8 in small mayies, 15 in mayies with over 2,500 to 5,000 inhabitants and 20 in larger mayies). The councils met annually from September 15 for up to ten days. In addition, extraordinary meetings could be called by the prefect.
In the whole of the Grand Duchy, 286 mayies or municipalities were initially set up. After the cession of large areas to France and the acquisition of the county of Recklinghausen, there were still 220 mairies in the Grand Duchy of Berg since 1811.
appointment
The appointment of the prefects, the prefectural and general departmental councils, the sub-prefectural and arrondissement councilors and, in Mairien with over 5,000 inhabitants, the Maires, aldermen, municipal councils and police commissioners was reserved for the Grand Duke. In addition, the organs of the Mairien should be appointed by the prefect.
Salary
The decree determined the salaries of the prefects of the Rhine and Ems departments to be 10,000 francs each, and 8,000 francs each for the prefects of the Sieg and Ruhr departments. The sub-prefects of Elberfeld and Mülheim were to receive 4,000 francs, the other sub-prefects 3,000 francs each. After all, the members of the prefectural councils were paid a salary of 1,200 francs each.
Administrative units
1808 to 1810
By decree of November 14, 1808, the Grand Duchy of Berg was divided into the four departments of the Rhine , the Sieg , the Ruhr and the Ems with 12 arrondissements and 79 cantons. Each arrondissement comprised either six or seven cantons:
| department | prefecture | Arrondissements | Cantons | Mairien | Residents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhine | Dusseldorf | 4th | 26th | 90 | 322.284 |
| victory | Dillenburg | 2 | 14th | 51 | 133.070 |
| Dysentery | Dortmund | 3 | 20th | 69 | 212.602 |
| Ems | Muenster | 3 | 19th | 76 | 210.201 |
1811 to 1813
Due to the French annexations, almost the entire department of the Ems together with the cantons of Ringenberg, Rees and Emmerich from the department of the Rhine left the Grand Duchy. In the department of Sieg some cantons were merged. The cantons of Recklinghausen and Dorsten were added in 1811. A decree of March 15, 1812 provided that 75 members of the college were elected by the assemblies of the notables of the individual cantons, and assigned one or two deputies to each canton, and four to the canton of Düsseldorf. In 1812 the Grand Duchy was divided into 3 departments, 9 arrondissements, 59 cantons and 220 mairies:
| department | prefecture | Arrondissements | Cantons | Mairien |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhine | Dusseldorf | 4th | 25th | 91 |
| victory | Dillenburg | 2 | 11 | 51 |
| Dysentery | Dortmund | 3 | 23 | 78 |
Departments, arrondissements, cantons and mairies
Department of the Rhine
The department of the Rhine with the main town Düsseldorf comprised parts of the old Duchy of Berg , the dominions of Broich , Limburg-Stirum and Hardenberg , the abolished Imperial Abbeys of Elten , Essen and Werden and the parts of the former Duchy of Kleve on the right bank of the Rhine . It was divided into the four arrondissements (districts) Düsseldorf , Elberfeld , Mülheim and Essen . The official population was given in the decree of November 14, 1808 as 322,284.
Department of Victory
The department of Sieg with the main town of Dillenburg comprised the office Windeck and part of the office Blankenberg , the dominions Homburg , Gimborn-Neustadt and Wildenburg , the principality Siegen , part of the principality Dillenburg , the dominion Beilstein , the principality Hadamar , the dominion Westerburg and the parts of the gentlemen Schadeck and Runkel on the right bank of the Lahn . It was divided into the two arrondissements (districts) Siegen and Dillenburg . The number of inhabitants was given in the decree of November 14, 1808 as 133,070.
In 1811, the canton of Runkel was combined with the canton of Hadamar, the canton of Westerburg with the canton of Rennerod and the canton of Wildenburg with the canton of Siegen.
|
Arrondissement canton |
Population (1808) |
Mairien (municipalities) |
|---|---|---|
| Wins | 75,026 | |
| Wins | 11,194 | Freudenberg , Siegen , Weidenau , Wilnsdorf |
| Netphen (seat: Obernetphen ) | 11,783 | Ferndorf , Hilchenbach , Irmgartreich , Netphen |
| Wildenburg (until 1811) | 2,684 | Friesenhagen |
| Waldbröl | 14,358 | Dattenfeld , Denklingen , Eckenhagen , Morsbach , Waldbröl |
| Eitorf | 12,147 | Eitorf , Herchen , Much , Ruppichteroth |
| Homburg (seat: Nümbrecht ) | 9,163 | Drabenderhöhe , Marienberghausen , Nümbrecht , Wiehl |
| Gummersbach | 13,697 | Gimborn , Gummersbach , Marienheide , Neustadt , Ründeroth |
| Dillenburg | 58,044 | |
| Dillenburg | 11,524 | Dillenburg , Eibach , Ebersbach , Haiger |
| Herborn | 8,039 | Bicken , Eisemroth , Herborn , Hörbach |
| Driedorf | 7,621 | Driedorf , Elsoff , Mengerskirchen |
| Rennerod | 10,959 | Emmerichenhain , Höhn , Marienberg , Rennerod |
| Hadamar | 11,311 | Frickhofen , Hadamar , Lahr , Offheim , Zeuzheim |
| Westerburg (until 1811) | 4,723 | Gemünden , Westerburg |
| Runkel (seat: Schadeck ; until 1811) | 3,867 | Schadeck , Schupbach |
Department of the Ruhr
The department of the Ruhr with the main town Dortmund essentially comprised the former counties of Mark , Dortmund and Limburg , the south of the former duchy of Münster , the rule of Rheda and the city of Lippstadt . It was divided into the three arrondissements (districts) Dortmund , Hagen and Hamm . The official population was given in the decree of November 14, 1808 as 212,602. On January 1, 1811, those parts of the Ems department that had not been annexed by France were incorporated.
Department of the Ems
The department of the Ems with the main town Münster essentially comprised most of the former duchy of Münster and the counties Horstmar , Rheina-Wolbeck , Steinfurt , Bentheim , Lingen and Tecklenburg . It was divided into the three arrondissements (districts) Münster , Koesfeld and Lingen . The number of inhabitants was given in the decree of November 14, 1808 as 210,201.
On January 1, 1811, the Ems department was dissolved and most of the area ceded to France . The cantons of Sassenberg and Warendorf mostly stayed with Berg and came to the arrondissement of Hamm. The Amelsbüren and Everswinkel mairies also remained with Berg and were merged with the Mairie Sendenhorst to form the canton of Sendenhorst in the Dortmund arrondissement of the Ruhr department.
Remarks:
- ↑ a b c Came to the Arrondissement of Münster in the department of the upper IJssel in 1811 and by decree of April 27, 1811 to the department of the Lippe .
- ↑ a b c Came to the Arrondissement of Osnabrück in the department of the Upper Ems in 1811 .
- ↑ a b Stayed in the Grand Duchy of Berg, moved on January 1, 1811 to the Hamm arrondissement in the Ruhr department .
- ↑ a b c d e f Came in 18110 initially to the arrondissement Steinfurt in the department of the IJssel mouths and by decree of April 27, 1811 to the arrondissement Steinfurt in the department of the Lippe .
- ↑ a b Came to the arrondissement of Neuenhaus in the department of the Westliche Ems in 1811 and by decree of April 27, 1811 to the arrondissement of Nordhorn in the department of the Lippe .
See also
literature
- Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of the laws and ordinances that were issued in the former Duchies of Jülich, Cleve and Berg and in the former Grand Duchy of Berg on matters of sovereignty, constitution, administration and the administration of justice , four volumes, Düsseldorf: Wolf, 1821/1822 ( University and State Library Bonn )
- Bettina Severin-Barboutie: French rule policy and modernization: administrative and constitutional reforms in the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806-1813) , 2008, ISBN 3486582941 , digitized
- Division of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809) Online
swell
- Constitution of 1812 (PDF file; 1.11 MB)
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of laws and ordinances ... , Volume 3 (Grand Duchy of Berg), Düsseldorf: Wolf, 1822, p. 993 ( Bonn State Library )
- ↑ Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of laws and ordinances ... , Volume 3 (Grand Duchy of Berg), Düsseldorf: Wolf, 1822, p. 992 ( Bonn State Library )
- ^ Text of the Rhine Federation Act of July 12, 1806 at Wikisource
- ^ Johann Josef Scotti: Collection of laws and ordinances ... , Volume 3 (Grand Duchy of Berg), Düsseldorf: Wolf, 1822, p. 1008 ( Bonn State Library )
- ^ A b c Johann Georg Heinrich Hassel : Statistical overview tables of the European and non-European countries , 1809, p. 11 ( Google Books )
- ↑ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein , Geographical-Statistical Newspaper, Post- and Comtoir-Lexicon , First Volume, First Department, Leipzig 1818, p. 394 ( Google Books )
- ↑ a b Décret, on the division of the Grand Duchy of Berg, Law-Bülletin, First Department, No. V, p. 50 ( Düsseldorf State Library )
- ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn: Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. 1836, p. 97 , accessed on November 11, 2014 (digitized version).
- ↑ a b c Imperial Decree on the Territorial Division of the County of Recklinghausen ..., Law Bülletin, No. 53, p. 386 ( Düsseldorf State Library )
- ^ Decree containing the administrative regulations of the Grand Duchy of Berg, Law Bülletin, First Section, No. VII, p. 196 ( State Library Düsseldorf )
- ↑ Law Bull. Berg 1809 No. XVI p. 384
- ^ Heinrich Ohde: Constitutional and administrative history of the sub-authorities of the Hereditary Principality of Münster: with the exclusion of the city of Münster; from the last times of the prince-bishops to the end of French rule 1803-1813. - Hildesheim: Lax, 1910, p. 98
- ↑ Law Bull. Berg 1811 No. 52 p. 306 Art. 7
- ↑ GS 1814 p. 94
- ↑ Ohde 1910 pp. 91, 93f.
- ↑ Heinz-K. Junk: The Grand Duchy of Berg. in: Westfälische Forschungen 33 (1983) pp. 39, 71
- ^ Johann Georg von Viebahn: Statistics and topography of the government district of Düsseldorf. 1836, p. 74 ff. , Accessed on November 11, 2014 (digitized version).
- ^ A b c d e Heinrich Berghaus: Germany fifty years ago - history of territorial division and the political constitution of the fatherland. (Digitalisat) 1862, p. 352 ff , accessed on November 11, 2014 .
- ↑ a b c d Constantin Schulteis: Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province , first volume: "The maps of 1813 and 1818", Bonn: Behrendt, 1895, p. 88 ( Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf )
- ↑ Imperial Decree, which concerns the organization of the State Council and the Collegium, Law Bülletin, No. 93, p. 34 ( Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf )
- ↑ Peter Adolph Winkopp : Der Rheinische Bund: A magazine historical-political-statistical-geographical content , Volume 20, Dessauer, 1811, p. 247 ff ( Google Books )
- ^ Genwiki: Administrative division of the Emsdepartement
- ^ HIS-Data: Department of the Ems - data