Deutz (Cologne)

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Deutz coat of arms
Coat of arms of Cologne
Deutz
district 105 of Cologne
Location of the Deutz district in the Cologne city center district
Coordinates 50 ° 56'5 "  N , 6 ° 59'16"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 56'5 "  N , 6 ° 59'16"  E
surface 5.243 km²
Residents 15,744 (Dec. 31, 2017)
Population density 3003 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation Apr 1, 1888
Post Code 50679
prefix 0221
Borough Downtown (1)
Transport links
Federal road B55 B55a
Railway connection Cologne Messe / Deutz RE 1 RE 5 RE 6 RE 7 RB 24 RB 25 RB 26 RB 27 S 6 S 11 S 12 S 13
Light rail lines 1 3 4th 7th 9
Bus routes 150 153 179 196 250 260 N26
Source: 2017 residents . (PDF) Cologne district information

Deutz (derived from Latin castrum divitensium , abbreviated Divitia later Duitia , Diuza , Tuitium , Duytz , German , kölsch Düx ) is the right bank part of the city district 1 (downtown) of Cologne and with an area of over 524  hectares of the largest of the five districts in District.

Deutz emerged from a Roman fort and was an independent town until it was incorporated in 1888. Poll , Kalk and Vingst also belonged to Cologne-Deutz for a long time . Today the district is best known for the Koelnmesse (formerly in the Rheinhallen ), the Lanxess Arena , the headquarters of the RTL television station and the Cologne Messe / Deutz train station .

geography

Deutz Süd with the cemetery - 360 ° panorama from the air
Show as a spherical panorama

For Cologne, which is mostly on the left bank of the Rhine, Deutz on the right bank of the Rhine is on the " Schäl Sick " - the wrong side, but forms the Cologne city center district with old town north and south as well as Neustadt north and south . Deutz borders the Kalk and Humboldt / Gremberg districts to the east . In the south lies the district of Poll ; in the west and north-west Deutz borders on the Rhine and in the north-east on Mülheim .

history

Around the year 310 the Romans built a bridge over the Rhine under Emperor Constantine in order to bring troops across the Rhine as quickly as possible during the increasing uprisings of the Teutons . But the bridge was also useful for trading with the Germans. To protect them, the Divitia fort was built on the right bank of the Rhine . His name is first attested on the gravestone of a soldier, which was erected in the 2nd half of the 4th or beginning of the 5th century, and only then again in the Franconian history of Gregory of Tours from the 6th century. The Rhine bridge was neglected by the later Franks and probably demolished about 500 years later, after which Cologne was without a fixed Rhine crossing for more than 1000 years. To the crossing of a Archbishop Bruno (953-965) were used in the Middle Ages and in the modern ferries, kurkölnisches Lehen to Deutz Fährherren. According to the chronicle of Peter Simons , there seems to have been at least two vehicles, a barge and a larger vlot - for the transport of goods and cattle - that were operated by a total of twelve people, but this was supposedly first recorded in 1428. From 1674, the flying bridge , the Gierponte , anchored on ropes , was put into operation. In 1794, invading French erected a standing ship bridge for a short time , but this was finally followed in 1822 by a permanent ship bridge. From March 3, 1791 to July 29, 1793, the flying bridge was relocated from Deutz in the dispute. It then led from the Bayenturm on the left bank of the Rhine to the right bank , bypassing Deutz, probably to Poller area, to the Poller meadows .

The old fort was converted into a Benedictine monastery , Deutz Abbey , by Archbishop Heribert of Cologne in 1003 . Archbishop Heinrich I of Cologne elevated Deutz to the status of a city in 1230, which for a long time was a bone of contention between the city of Cologne, Kurköln and the Duchy of Berg . In 1583 Deutz was completely destroyed in the Cologne War , which lasted until 1588. After the Peace of Nijmegen in 1678 the fortifications were demolished. It was not until 1816 that the Prussians erected a new fortification , the course of which can still be seen in part today from several streets (Helenenwallstraße, Reischplatz, Graf-Geßler-Straße , Kasemattenstraße ). First lunettes , peace powder magazines and later forts were erected in front of the walls . In the Rheinpark you can still see the wall around the former Fort XII (later numbered as XV). Fort Rauch Street is reminiscent of Fort XII, which was built later on the former Windmühlenberg in the south. The lunette 1 is still recognizable by the ramparts near the Jewish cemetery. Between the Benedictine abbey and the later railway area within the fortress walls, a new barracks was built for the cuirassiers, which was rebuilt after the First World War and then housed the Rhenish Museum (today the State House of Cologne ).

Cologne and Deutz around 1850
Prussian city fortifications Deutz around 1870

Deutz came to Nassau-Usingen in 1803 , to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1806 and to Prussia in 1814 . The Prussian mayor's office Deutz was formed, which came to the district of Cologne and to which, in addition to Deutz, the communities Kalk , Poll and Vingst belonged. Since then, Deutz has developed enormously. The industry attracted many new residents, including non-Catholics. The Deutz ship bridge existed from 1822 to 1915. From 1859 to 1861, the St. Johannes Church, the first new Protestant church on the right bank of the Rhine, was built. In 1857 the Deutz mayor's office was divided into the city of Deutz and the Deutz-Land mayor's office. The latter was renamed the mayor's office in Kalk in 1867. Finally, in 1888, as part of the “major incorporations” of the city of Cologne, the city of Deutz and the municipality of Poll were incorporated into the city of Cologne. Kalk and Vingst were incorporated into the city of Cologne in 1910.

From 1845 Deutz became the end point of several railway lines of the two competing railway companies Cologne-Mindener and Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft . Between 1859 and 1913 these were connected step by step, first through the cathedral bridge and later over the Hohenzollern bridge and the new Deutz station (1913) with the railway lines on the left bank of the Rhine.

In 1907 the powerful Rhine port , which had been needed for a long time, was put into operation for industry in the Deutz area. The cathedral bridge was replaced in 1911 by the Hohenzollern bridge in the same place. In 1913, today's Deutz train station was opened.

In 1915, the Deutz Bridge was opened as the second Rhine bridge in Deutz . In 1959, the Severinsbrücke was the third bridge that connects Deutz with the city center.

From 1922, the first construction phases of the Cologne exhibition halls ( Rheinhallen ) were built on the banks of the Rhine north of the Hohenzollern Bridge .

Since January 1, 1975 Deutz has belonged to the newly founded city center city center.

As part of urban development , there have been various new buildings and new settlements since the 1990s, e. B. the Lanxess Arena , the town hall , the Cologne triangle and various hotels as well as the renovation of the Koelnmesse . An objection by UNESCO stopped the construction of five high-rise buildings that were supposed to mark the south entrance of the fair, as they would threaten the visibility of the Cologne Cathedral , a world cultural heritage site .

Demographic statistics

Structure of the population of Cologne-Deutz:

  • Proportion of under 18-year-olds: 10.8% (2014)
  • Proportion of over 64-year-olds: 16.6% (2014)
  • Proportion of foreigners: 16.2% (2015)
  • Unemployment rate: 7.9% (2014)

Rhine Boulevard

Rhine boulevard with outside staircase after completion, November 2016
Aerial photo of the Rheinboulevard Cologne, March 2017

As part of the Regionale 2010 , the design of the banks of the Rhine between the Deutzer Bridge and the Hohenzollern Bridge was planned under the name Rheinboulevard . During the construction work on the banks of the Rhine, historical evidence from Roman times to the present day was discovered, which in this sequence and concentration represent a special feature in Germany. In cooperation with the City of Cologne with citizens, various groups and initiatives, they are to be largely integrated into a Deutz Historical Park, although the discussion has not yet been concluded despite the start of construction. A citizens 'initiative presented new proposals for this after a citizens' meeting and panel discussion. The following were found in particular:

  • Remains of the tower and wall of the Roman fort
  • Foundations of the Alt St. Urban Church
  • Gravesites
  • Foundations of a medieval defense tower
  • Foundations of a turntable at the former Schiffbrücke station of the Bergische-Märkische Eisenbahngesellschaft
  • Remains of the embankment wall of the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahngesellschaft
  • Tunnel section of the Liliputbahn

A public moderation process with the City of Cologne then took place.

On July 13, 2015, the lower part of the Rhine Boulevard was opened with the flight of stairs . The panorama path and the actual boulevard were built above the stairs. This work was completed at the end of 2016. Since the Rheinboulevard harbors the risk of falling from the high steps when there is a crowd and only offers limited escape routes, it remains closed during the large Cologne Lights fireworks .

Bollard meadows

View of today's Poller Wiesen in the Deutz district, where the two northern bollard heads were

In common parlance, the entire bank of the Rhine between the pier head of the Deutz port and the Rodenkirchener Brücke is increasingly referred to as Poller Wiesen , although this originally and historically correct only referred to the meadow area downstream of the Südbrücke, which since the incorporation of Polls into Cologne in 1888 is now part of Cologne -Deutz heard. On October 24, 2005, the poller meadows were included in the soil monument list of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia due to their historical importance - among other things because of the medieval bank fortifications ( bollard heads ), of which there are still remains in the ground . Despite their location in the floodplain of the Rhine, they are occasionally used for larger events, e.g. B. on the occasion of the Catholic World Youth Day 2005 and the German Evangelical Church Congress 2007 as a meeting place. In 2003 an event of the European anti- fascist movement against racism (ended by violence) took place there .

The open, undeveloped area of ​​the Poller Wiesen in the Deutz area is used for a variety of purposes. It is also a popular area for flying kites and for sunbathing and barbecuing in summer. It is also a protected landscape area.

mayor

  • 1808–1842 Wilhelm Franz Neuhöffer
  • 1843–1867 Gerhard Schaurte
  • 1867–1888 Robert Reisch

Attractions

"Deutzer Freiheit 1" house on Deutzer Freiheit / Justinianstrasse, early work by Wilhelm Riphahn .
District heating tunnel under the Rhine
Cologne-Deutz, in the back the Lanxess Arena
Panorama installation Cologne-Deutz with Hohenzollern and Severins bridges (photo from 2007).

Prussian fortresses

Walling around Deutz

Mexican restaurant “Café Especial” on the corner of Neuhöfferstraße and Constantinstraße.

The Deutz wall was built between 1818 and 1822 under the overall direction of Lieutenant General Gustav von Rauch , Inspector General of all Prussian fortresses. From 1907 and subsequent years, the so-called "razing" took place, in which the Deutz city wall was completely demolished. In contrast to the city wall on the left bank of the Rhine, no gates etc. have been left behind by the city wall on the right bank, so that no traces are visible today. Only the street layout (Kasemattenstrasse, Graf-Geßler-Strasse, Reischplatz, Helenenwallstrasse) as the course of the former Wallstrasse and the basalt-stone hill in Kasemattenstrasse still remind of this.

In terms of urban planning, the demolition of the city wall ensured the first architecturally planned district expansion in Deutz. Recognizable u. a. with the urban sidewalks, which are otherwise atypical, especially in Deutz, and the symmetrically designed Von-Sandt-Platz, created by the Cologne gardener Fritz Encke. Most of the buildings were built after the First World War by the "Official Housing Association of Cologne".

War powder magazine Deutz

Schaurtestrasse 1828/29: built around 1907, passed into municipal ownership, construction of the Deutz grammar school; no more traces visible.

Fort XV, Rheinpark

Former name Fort XII: built in 1845/46 as a lunette on the Rhine; 1857: the bezel was broken off; 1858/59: construction of the fort instead of the lunette after the changes made by Ernst Ludwig von Aster and Carl Ferdinand Busse ; 1913/14: cancellation of the redoubt; The ditch and wall largely preserved and the establishment of a restoration company for the German Werkbundausstellung based on the design by Wilhelm Kreis and the associated green design based on the design by Fritz Encke; Second World War: partially destroyed; 1956/57: Walling partially leveled or earthfill also moved and construction of a park café on the eastern caponier for the Federal Garden Show based on the design by Rambald von Steinbüchel-Rheinwall as well as wall and ditch changes with green design based on a design by Günther Schulze and Joachim Winkler; today: received: hints of a moat and wall divider.

Fort XIV

Deutz-Mülheimer Straße, former name Fort XIII; 1857–1859: built in place of the earlier bezel 8, design: Heinrich Ferdinand Schubert with changes by Ernst Ludwig von Aster and Carl Ferdinand Busse; around 1910: demolished and set up a parcel post office on the site; from around 2000: Lufthansa design center, hotel and administration building; no traces visible today.

Fort XIII, Fort Rauch

Fort XIII, Fort Rauch (named after General Gustav von Rauch, Inspector General of the Prussian fortresses), Siegburger Strasse, formerly called Fort XV; 1861–1863: created through the rebuilding of the bezel on Windmühlenberg in 1855; before the First World War: artillery depot; around 1958/59: demolished, today: preserved: a caponier in the basement of a Strabag AG building.

Bezels

Steady rest 1

Lunen 1, Am Judenfriedhof, today Deutzer Stadtgarten, former name Lunen IX; Built in 1855 as a defensible peace powder magazine called Am Judenfriedhof; 1859–1864 converted to a bezel; 1919/20: transformed into a green fort, design: Fritz Encke, used as a restaurant; after 1967: building destroyed due to building moisture; today: in the green area the ground plan and outline are still roughly legible.

Steady rest 2

Lunette 2, east of the old building of the Eduardus hospital, former name lunette IX; 1828/29: built as a defensible peace powder magazine; 1832/33: converted to a bezel; End of the 1990s: removal of the last traces of the terrain; today: Extension of the Eduardus Hospital.

traffic

Messe / Deutz station from above with the newly designed Ottoplatz forecourt .
A class 420 railcar of the Cologne S-Bahn as S12 in the Cologne Messe / Deutz station (May 2016).
Reception building Cologne Messe / Deutz with forecourt design since 2014.
Deutzer Freiheit station of the Cologne light rail
Deutzer Hafen, Poller Wiesen, Rhine bridges
Water police and fire engines in the port of Deutz
Timber loading in the port of Deutz

railroad

In Köln Messe / Deutz keep almost all trains in Cologne main station keeping, with the exception of long-distance trains. To do this, a few ICEs stop on the underground platforms of the station. a. the routes Essen - Munich (hourly) and Cologne / Bonn Airport - Berlin, which do not go to the main train station, as they would have to change the direction of travel there.

Light rail

The Cologne Stadtbahn has one of its nodes in Deutz with the station Deutz / Messe / LANXESS arena . Lines 1, 3, 4 and 9 stop here. After crossing the Rhine on Deutzer Brücke, line 7 turns south towards Poll - Porz .

Road traffic

In Deutz, car traffic can use a motorway slip road heading south. This leads on the motorway A559 to the Köln-Gremberg , where the highway A 4 , part of the Cologne motorway ring crosses. A few kilometers further south, the A 559 meets the A 59 at the Cologne-Heumar motorway junction .

The Deutz-Mülheimer-Str. and then the Palatinate Ring to the so-called "Stadtautobahn" B 55a at the Zoobrücke . From here the A 3 can be reached north - Düsseldorf / Duisburg / Oberhausen - and the A 1 to Wuppertal and Dortmund , as well as the A 4 in an easterly direction to Olpe . The Severinsbrücke and, following it, the Deutzer Ring are part of the B 55 .

Shipping

Swing bridge Cologne-Deutz

The traffic on the water is represented in Deutz by the Deutz port . Construction began at the end of 1904. In 1907 the port was completed and handed over to its intended use. The port of Deutz continues to be indispensable for cargo handling. With around half a million tons of handling per year, it still maintains its status as a transshipment point, especially for grain, chalk and scrap. The port with a water surface of 81,400 square meters is operated by the HGK . The port has its own HGK siding. The Cologne harbor fire station and the water police are stationed in the outer harbor area below the historic swing bridge .

At the height of river kilometer 689, immediately to the north of the Hohenzollern Bridge, the Rhine ferry "Strolch" connects the exhibition area with the city center.

economy

Ellmühle at the Deutzer Hafen

In 2005, Koelnmesse separated from the Rheinhallen . The new broadcasting center of the TV station RTL was built within the historic brick facade of the old exhibition halls . On June 5, 2010, the first broadcast was broadcast from there. The Rheinhallen has already been occupied by the former Cologne-based Gerling Insurance, part of today's Talanx Group with its subsidiaries Aspecta AG and Talanx Asset Management GmbH . The following are also based in Deutz:

The Rhineland Regional Council (LVR) is also based in Deutz .

literature

  • Wilhelm Becker: The attack of the Swedes on Deutz in 1632. In: Yearbook for history and regional studies, Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine. Volume 23, Cologne 1997
  • Hubert Kruppa: Deutz - A district with a great history . Bachem-Verlag, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-7616-1459-4
  • Stefan Pohl, Georg Mölich: Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine: Its history from antiquity to the present. Winand, Cologne 1994, ISBN 978-3-87909-391-5 .
  • Peter Simons: Illustrated history of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst and Poll. Nagelschmidt, Cologne-Deutz 1913

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Illustrated history of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst and Poll, Peter Simons, Nagelschmidt, Köln-Deutz 1913, p. 1
  2. Werner Hollar, copperplate view of the city of Cologne 1656
  3. CIL XIII, 8274 , in detail on this inscription Winfried Schmitz : The late antique and early medieval grave inscriptions in Cologne (4th – 7th centuries AD) In: Kölner Jahrbuch. Volume 28, 1995, pp. 643-776, here pp. 687-690.
  4. ^ Gregory of Tours, Decem libri historiarum IV, 10 (16). The first mentions of Deutz Winfried Schmitz: The late antique and early medieval grave inscriptions in Cologne (4th – 7th centuries AD) In: Kölner Jahrbuch. Volume 28, 1995, pp. 643-776, here p. 754.
  5. Peter Simons: Illustrated history of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst and Poll. Nagelschmidt, Cologne-Deutz 1913, p. 3 f.
  6. a b Peter Simons: Illustrated history of Deutz, Kalk, Vingst and Poll. Nagelschmidt, Cologne-Deutz 1913, p. 238.
  7. Joseph Hoff Doll: The Cologne Rheinschiffahrt. Bachem Cologne 1980, p. 44f
  8. Day of the forts Cologne , accessed on January 26, 2012
  9. fortress city of Cologne, Cologne fortress buildings
  10. On the trail of Prussian Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine , accessed on January 27, 2012
  11. Institute for Fortress Architecture, Fort Rauch
  12. ^ Poller Heimatmuseum, Deutz, Deutz history / n, Deutz train stations
  13. Petra Metzger: The Deutzer "Hochhausjammer" - a review, http://www.koelnarchitektur.de/pages/de/home/aktuell/1419.htm
  14. Inhabitants according to selected age groups - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
  15. Inhabitants according to selected age groups - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
  16. Inhabitants by type of migration background - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
  17. Employed and unemployed part of the city - data source: City of Cologne - offenedaten-koeln.de
  18. Förderverein Historischer Park Deutz (Retrieved December 15, 2014) ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fhpd.de
  19. Citizens for Trees Network, Rheinboulevard (accessed December 15, 2014)
  20. Greek Orthodox Church Congregation  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.fortis-colonia.de  
  21. Description from the responsible architecture firm Planorama
  22. ^ Poller Heimatmuseum, Deutz, Rheinboulevard
  23. City of Cologne Documentation Moderation Process 2011. ( Memento of the original from December 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: deutz-inform.de. Retrieved December 15, 2014 (PDF; 2 MB). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutz-inform.de
  24. Ronald Larmann: Opening in Cologne-Deutz: Cologne's Mayor Jürgen Roters releases the stairs of the Rheinboulevard. In: Kölnische Rundschau. July 13, 2015, accessed July 18, 2015 .
  25. Kölner Lichter: Stairs on the Rheinboulevard blocked - driving bans for trucks . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . ( ksta.de [accessed on July 22, 2018]).
  26. Information on the bollard heads from monuments , accessed on July 27, 2018.
  27. Satdtrevue Cologne, February 21, 2003, Räumpanzer gegen Igloo tents
  28. ^ Petrol station history in Germany
  29. a b Kulturpfade Köln Volume 5, 1st edition, JB Bachen Verlag, Cologne 2012, p. 33.

Web links

Commons : Köln-Deutz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Further references (web links)