St. Heribert (Cologne)
St. Heribert is a three-aisled pillar basilica in the Deutz district of Cologne . This church is popularly known as the Düx Cathedral . The showpiece of the Catholic Church is the Heribert Shrine, which keeps the relics of Archbishop Heribert of Cologne and founder of Deutz Abbey .
prehistory
The church is located on the site of the former Tempelhof on the Deutzer Freiheit, the name of which goes back to the religious order of knights , the Knights Templar . Originally the farm was owned by the Benedictine Abbey of St. Pantaleon . In the early Middle Ages , the monastery gave all goods on the right bank of the Rhine as fiefs to the Knights Templar. After the order was abolished in 1312, the property went to the Order of St. John as a fief . In the course of secularization , the Tempelhof was expropriated in 1803.
In 1807 Wilhelm Neuhoff acquired the site and bequeathed it to Johann Caspar Neuhoff. After his death, the property passed to his wife Mechtildis , née Sinsteden, from Gustorf . Three years before her death on October 23, 1881, she bequeathed the approximately 7,000 m² Tempelhof to the Catholic community. In her will, however, she stipulated that the construction of the planned church had to begin ten years after her death at the latest.
Building history
St. Heribert was built from 1891 to 1896 under the direction of the Düsseldorf architect Caspar Clemens Pickel in the neo-Romanesque style. The manufacturer Peter Stühlen brought the foundation stone from the Jerusalem Mount of Olives .
During the Second World War , the church was severely damaged between 1943 and 1945. Most of the equipment was lost. From 1949 to 1951 the church was rebuilt in a simplified form by the architects Rudolf Schwarz and Josef Bernard.
Heribert Shrine
The Heribert shrine is one of the main works of Romanesque goldsmithing and was completed around 1175. Today it rests in a glass case on a stone made of green marble supported by four columns and is located behind the high altar. In its shape it resembles an elongated building with a roof. It is 1.53 meters long, 0.68 meters high and 0.42 meters wide. The interior is made of oak; the outside was covered with silver-gilt copper and decorated with precious stones.
The six apostles and the seven prophets are depicted alternately on both long sides . The front face shows Christ in the upper section, below St. Heribert . On the back of the face there is the image of Mary with the baby Jesus on her lap between two angels. Twelve enamel medallions on the roof tell the life story of St. Heribert.
The shrine was originally located in the monastery church Alt St. Heribert of Deutz Abbey , which was later used as a parish church.
Bells
An interesting and historically valuable bell hangs in the towers, which is unique in its composition. It consists of six so-called "loan bells". These loan bells come from the former German eastern regions, such as Pomerania and Silesia. After the large six-part b 0 bell was destroyed in the Second World War, except for the smallest bell (since then hung as the seventh bell in the east tower), two loan bells were hung in the west tower. The larger of the two is today's bell 3. Bells 1 and 4 previously hung in the Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Euskirchen, bells 2 and 5 in St. Martin there. Together, the chimes of the bells form a Phrygian tetrachord extended upwards on c 1 . In the tower hall of the west tower there is a bell from 1636 with a diameter of 1030 mm. She comes from Frankenstein in Lower Silesia. She first came to the west tower with bell 3.
The chime states that the chiming of the tower clock should begin with the half-hour strike (alternating chime on bells 4 and 2) at 8:30 a.m. and end with the full hour strike (bell 2) at 10 p.m. The angelus bell rings three times a day at 8 a.m., 12 p.m. and 6 p.m., and starts with 3 × 3 strikes on the St. Anna bell ; The bell rings on Saturday at 7 p.m. and the bell rings on Sunday itself at 7 p.m. the bells for high mass are heard. This also applies to festive days on which no service is celebrated. On certain days there is a ringing 30 minutes before the start of the measurement, on high festivals there is a ringing for five minutes after the fair.
The old steel yoke of Fat Anna - as she is popularly known - had become damaged and was replaced with a new wooden yoke together with a new clapper in the course of renovation.
|
No. |
Casting year |
Foundry, casting location |
origin |
Diameter (mm) |
Weight (kg) |
Nominal ( HT - 1 / 16 ) |
tower |
| 1 | 1701 | Johann Baptista Mellack, Brno | Neisse (Upper Silesia) | 1600 | 2450 | c 1 -3 | east |
| 2 | 1700 | Heinrich Ponnerus & Peter Brok, Liegnitz | Friedeberg (Lower Silesia) | 1491 | 1780 | of the 1 +1 | east |
| 3 | 1614 | Gerhard Benninck, Danzig | Flour sack (East Prussia) | 1300 | 1350 | it 1 –2 | west |
| 4th | 1495 | unknown | Friedenshagen (Lower Silesia) | 1158 | 910 | f 1 -1 | west |
| 5 | 1663 | Martin Schreter, Nachod | Niedersteine (Lower Silesia) | 1036 | 730 | as 1 +4 | west |
| 6th | 15th century | unknown | Striese (Lower Silesia) | 726 | 260 | it 2 -1 | east |
| 7th | 1926 | Ernst Karl (II) Otto, Bremen - Hemelingen | Alt St. Heribert, Cologne - Deutz | 670 | 143 | f 2 | east |
More works of art
In addition to the Heribert shrine, there are other medieval works of art in the church. The oldest piece of equipment comes from the 9th or 10th century. It is an ivory comb about 19 centimeters long, on the surface of which religious symbols have been cut. Other works of art are the 11th century staff of St. Heribert and his chasuble, probably made of gold-colored silk, from the 10th century. The stick has the shape of the letter T and was made from walrus tooth .
The church treasure also includes a silver-gilt abbot's staff (approx. 1500) and a ciborium (approx. 1520).
literature
- Hubert Kruppa: A Cologne suburb with a great history: Deutz , Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-7616-0466-1
- Martin Seidler: Studies on the reliquary of St. Heribert in Deutz (city of Cologne). Reconstruction of its creation. Hundt, Cologne 1995 (cf. Diss. Bonn 1992).
- Martin Seidler: The treasure of St. Heribert in Cologne-Deutz (= Rheinische Kunststätten . Bd. 423). Neuss 1997. ISBN 3-88094-807-0 .
- Martin Seidler: The Heribert Shrine. Reconstructions and comparisons. In: Colonia Romanica. 13: 71-109 (1998).
- Susanne Wittekind : Saints' lives and reliquary decorations in the 12th century. A study on the Deutzer Heribert shrine. In: Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch. Vol. 59 (1998), pp. 7-28.
- Monika Schmelzer / Robert Boecker / Manfred Becker-Huberti: Churches in Cologne , Munich 2000. (no ISBN).
- Hiltrud Kier, Hans-Georg Esch: Churches in Cologne. Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-7616-1395-4 .
- Hubert Kruppa: Deutz: A Cologne district with a great history. 2nd ed., Revised. and expanded by Carl Dietmar, Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-7616-1459-4 .
Web links
- Parish of St. Heribert in the parish association Deutz-Poll
- Double tower recording with full bells of the Catholic Basilica St. Heribert in Cologne-Deutz
Individual evidence
- ↑ Heribert Müller: Heribert, Chancellor Otto III. and Archbishop of Cologne , Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter 60 (1996) pp. 16–64, here p. 60 with note 100 (with reference to the results of new dendrochronological investigations); more detailed Martin Seidler: The Heribert Shrine - Reconstructions and Comparisons , Colonia Romanica 13 (1998) pp. 71-109. In older literature we sometimes encounter “around 1170” as the period of origin.
- ↑ Valerie Figge: The classification of the history of saints in the history of salvation. To the picture vita of the Heribert shrine. Colonia Romanica 13 (1998), pp. 110-117.
Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 10.7 ″ N , 6 ° 58 ′ 22.9 ″ E